Musical Forms: Simple forms- Binary form. Ternary form, Theme and other variation, Rondo form.
Subject:
Music
Term:
First Term
Week:
Week 9
Class:
Basic 9 / JSS 3
Previous lesson:
The pupils have previous knowledge of
Topic:
Musical Performances: Types –Solo, Deut, Trio, Quartet, Sextet, Septet, Octet and Choir. Meaning of these performance, Types.
Behavioural objectives :
At the end of lesson, pupils should be able to:
- -Explain ternary form.
- -Define theme and variations form.
- -Say the meaning of rondo form
-What is concerto grosso form?
-How do these forms differ from each other
Instructional Materials:
- Wall charts
- Pictures
- Related Online Video
- Flash Cards
Methods of Teaching:
- Class Discussion
- Group Discussion
- Asking Questions
- Explanation
- Role Modelling
- Role Delegation
Reference Materials:
- Scheme of Work
- Online Information
- Textbooks
- Workbooks
- 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
- Workbooks
Content:
The most common and simple musical forms are binary and ternary. A binary form contains two contrasting sections (A and B) usually repeated. Ternary form has three sections (A-B-A). More complex forms include theme and variations, rondo, sonata, and concerto grosso.
Binary form is the simplest musical form and is often found in folk songs and dances. It usually consists of two contrasting sections (A and B) that are repeated. The A section is usually the main theme of the piece, while the B section introduces a new idea or variation on the original theme.
Ternary form is a three-part musical form consisting of an A section, a B section, and a return to the A section (A-B-A). The A section is usually the main theme of the piece, while the B section introduces a new idea or variation on the original theme. The return to the A section provides resolution and closure to the piece.
Theme and variations is a type of musical form in which a central theme is repeated throughout the piece, with each repetition introducing new variations on the original melody, harmony, or rhythm. This form was popularized in the 18th century by composers such as Haydn and Mozart.
Rondo form is a type of musical form in which a central theme is repeated throughout the piece, with each repetition separated by contrasting sections (A-B-A-C-A). This form was popularized in the 18th century by composers such as Haydn and Mozart.
Sonata form is a type of musical form typically used in classical music. It is in three parts: an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation. The exhibition introduces the main themes of the piece, while the development explores different ways of harmonizing and expanding upon those themes. The recapitulation brings the piece to a close by restating the main themes in their original form.
Concerto grosso is a type of musical form in which a small group of solo instruments (the concertino) is accompanied by a larger orchestra (the ripieno). This form was popularized in the 17th century by composers such as Vivaldi and Corelli.
1. Binary Form
Binary Form is a two phrase musical structure containing the opening phrase and closing phrase.In other words, it is a two part form, comprising two complementary sentences,A and BThat is why it is called AB form. ‘A’ section stands for the questioning phrase, while ‘B’ section serves as the answering phrase.
Normally, in binary form, section A starts in the tonic key (that is the home key or original key) and ends in an imperfect cadence. For Example(Page39 1&2&40 B above)
Sometimes, section A of Binary form tends to move to another key, usually the dominant or the relative major or minor. Thus section B continues where section A has ended and returns to the original key and ends in perfect cadence. Some examples are as follow:(Page 40 no 3 & 4).
2. Ternary Form:
Ternary Form is described as a three- phrase structure consisting of the opening phrase, the contrasting phrase and the concluding phrase which is the repeat of the opening phrase. This means that ternary form consists of three sections. Thus it is called ABA form. (For Examples page 41 ABA&42
EVALUATION
1. What is binary form?
2. Describe a ternary form.
3. Ternary form is also called ___________
3. Theme and Variation
This form is sometimes called Air with Variation. This is a form in which the theme or subject is first presented in its simple manner and in subsequent repetitions it is re-stated each time with variation or modification. Variation may occur in the following ways:
(i) Decoration of the theme
(ii) Change of rhythm
(iii) Change of tempo or speed
(iv) Change of key
(v) Splitting of note values
(vi) Transference of the theme to another voice part or instrument
4. Rondo Form
The rondo form consists of the alternation of the main theme with several different episodes. Usually the main theme continues re- occurring like a chorus or refrain after each episode. This form is therefore, based on the ‘song and chorus’ style.
The main structure of a simple rondo is ABACA. There are extensions of this plan depending on the number of episodesinvolved in each case,hence ABACADA, there are three episodes, B,C,D,alternating with the main theme A which keeps re-occuring in the home key, while the episodes appear in different keys. The coda is always in the home key. Example from Haydn’s Trumpet Concerto ( page 44)
MUSICAL WORD MEANING
Leggiero lightly
Marcato Marked, Accented
Meno Mosso Less movement
Mezzo Medium, half
Molto Much, very
Peu a peu/ poco a poco little by little
1. Write four songs written in ternary form.
2. Describe theme and variation form.
3. Describe the structure of a rondo form, pointing out the function of the episodes.
Presentation
The topic is presented step by step
Step 1:
The class teacher revises the previous topics
Step 2.
He introduces the new topic
Step 3:
The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the need arise
Evaluation:
Objectives
1. What is the simplest musical form?
a. Binary form
b. Ternary form
c. Theme and variations form
d. Rondo form
2. What type of musical form repeats a central theme throughout the piece?
a. Binary form
b. Ternary form
c. Theme and variations form
d. Rondo form
3. What type of musical form consists of three parts: an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation?
a. Binary form
b. Ternary form
c. Theme and variations form
d. Sonata form
4. What is the difference between a concerto grosso and a sonata?
a. A concerto grosso is in three parts while a sonata has four parts.
b. A concerto grosso is for a small group of solo instruments while a sonata can be for any size group.
c. A concerto grosso repeats the main theme throughout the piece while a sonata only states the theme once.
d. There is no difference between a concerto grosso and a sonata.
5. Which form was popularized by Haydn and Mozart?
a. Binary form
b. Ternary form
c. Theme and variations form
d. Rondo
Theory
1. What are some of the most popular binary form songs?
2. What are some of the most popular ternary form songs?
3. What are some of the most popular themes and variations form songs?
4. What are some of the most popular rondo form songs?
5. What are some of the most popular sonata form songs?
6.What is binary form?
7.What is ternary form?
8, What is theme and variations form?
9.What is rondo form?
10.What is sonata form?
11.What is concerto grosso form?
12.How do these forms differ from each other?
Conclusion
The class teacher wraps up or concludes the lesson by giving out a short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.
The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.
He or she makes the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise.
