Characteristics of Living and Non-living things

FIRST TERM E-LEARNING NOTE

SUBJECT: BASIC SCIENCE CLASS: JSS1

Term : First Term

Week: Week 2

Class : JSS 1

Previous lesson : The pupils have previous knowledge of

Living thing and non-living thing (I)

Topic :

Characteristics of Living and Non-living things

Behavioural objectives :

At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to

• explain the characteristics of living things
• say the characteristics of non living things
• give examples of the summary of living things ( MR NIGER DAC )
• say Importance of plants and animals
• explain the relationship between living things and non living things

 

Instructional Materials :

• Wall charts
• Pictures
• Related Online Video
• Flash Cards

Methods of Teaching :

• Class Discussion
• Group Discussion
• Asking Questions
• Explanation
• Role Modelling
• Role Delegation

 

Reference Materials :

• Scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
• Workbooks
• Precious seed BASIC SCIENCE FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS BOOK 1
• NIGERIAN BASIC SCIENCE PROJECT BOOK ONE,

 

CONTENT

• Characteristics of Living and Non-living things
• Characteristics of Plants and Animals
• Importance of plants and animals

Living thing is an organism that has life. That is, it possesses all the characteristics features that enables it to perform certain activities that non-living things cannot perform.

The characteristics of living things can be used to make differences between plants and animals.

EXAMPLES OF LIVING AND NON LIVING THINGS

Examples of living things

Some examples of living things include the following organisms: goat, sheep, bird, cow, toad, rat, rabbit, earthworm, tapeworm, housefly, maize plant, mango tree, orange tree, coconut tree, rhizopus, euglena, etc.

Examples of non living things

The following are examples of some non living things around us: stone, pen, book, table, chair, beg, pencil, shoe, water, cup, bucket, air, radio, hand-set, cleaner. broom , gun ,table Etc.

Characteristics of Living and Non-living things

1. Living things can move, but non-living things cannot.

2. Energy is required by living things, while non-livings do not require energy.

3. Living things are capable of growth, reproduction and death.

4. Non-living things are non-motile, but living things can move around.

5. Living things respire; non-living things do not respire.

6. Living things adapt to the surroundings and respond to stimulus.

Differences in Characteristics of Plants and Animals

PLANTS ANIMALS

1.MOVEMENT Animals are active because they

have organs for movement e.g. Movement in plants is aided by external leg, limbs, cilia, flagella

forces such as wind and current

2. RESPIRATION

Plants take in carbon dioxide and Animal take in oxygen and

give out oxygen give out carbon dioxide

3. NUTRITION Animals move from one place

Plants make their food by using to another to obtain ready-

simple inorganic substance and sun made food.

energy

4. IRRITABILITY Animals respond quickly to

Plants respond slowly to external external stimuli

changes

5. GROWTH Animals have limited growth

Plants have unlimited growth

6. EXCRETION Animals produce a lot of

Plants produce very little waste waste products, because they

Products e.g. gum, latex are active. e.g. urine, feces

7. REPRODUCTION Animals reproduce to give

Plants reproduce to give new individual young one. Some animals give

which are much more resembling each birth to young one alive, e.g.

other. E.g. mango and orange fruits man, goat, cow, monkey

8. Adaptation : Most living things develop special features or body parts that enable them to live perfectly in the environment that they find themselves eg web-footed legs that are developed by ducks for swimming while in water

9. Competition : In a world of limited resources and nutrition , living things compere, fight and struggle to avail themselves the available resources and nutrition . An examples of such competition is between lion and and cheetah because they both feed on the same preys eg antelope .

SUMMARY OF THE CHARACTERISTIGS OF LIVING THINGS

• M – MOVEMENT
• R – RESPIRATION
• N – NUTRITION
• I – IRRITABILITY
• G – GROWTH 
• E – EXCRETION
• R – REPRODUCTION 
• D – DEATH 
• A – ADAPTATION 
• C – COMPETITION 

MR NIGER DAC

 

IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS TO HUMAN BEINGS

Plants are useful to human beings in the following ways:

1. They help in the beautification of man’s environment
2. They are sources of food for human
3. They provide fresh air to human beings by taking dangerous carbon
4. Oxide away from the air and releasing oxygen into air
5. They provide human beings with industrial raw materials e.g. plants for building
6. They provide fire wood for human beings to cook at home
7. They provide human beings with roughages to run their bowels
8. They return water back into the air to reduce the temperature to a bearable level for the comfort of human beings
9. They provide cloud formation by returning water into the atmosphere
10. They help to reduce soil erosion by holding the soil particles together.

USES OF ANIMALS TO HUMAN BEINGS

Animals are useful to human beings in the following ways:

1. Some animals serves as source of protein to human beings when they are consumed
2. Products of some animals are useful for human beings as food or medicine e.g. honey produced by bees
3. Products of some animals are raw materials to some manufacturing industries e.g. skin, milk, horn, etc.
4. Some animals e.g. horses and camels are used farm works
5. Some animals e.g. horses and donkeys serve as a means of transportation to human beings
6. Some animals serves as source of revenue to human beings e.g. hen etc.
7. Some animals e.g. dogs, provides security to human beings
8. Some animals e.g. dogs are used for hunting by farmers
9. Some animals are trained to entertain human beings

 

Presentation

 

The topic is presented step by step

 

Step 1:

The class teacher revises the previous topics

 

Step 2.

He introduces the new topic

 

Step 3:

The class teacher corrects the pupils when and where the needs arise .

 

 

Conclusion

The class teacher wraps up or conclude the lesson by giving out short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.

The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.

He or she does the necessary corrections when and where  the needs arise.

 

Evaluation

• Give four differences between plants and animals
• State five examples of animals that can give birth to young one alive
• State five characteristics of living and non living things.
• List four examples of living things.
• State five uses of animals to human beings
• State five uses of plants

Assignment

1. Give four differences between plants and animals
2. State five examples of animals that can give birth to young one alive
3. State two differences between plants and animals
4. State five uses of animals to human beings
5. State five uses of plants

TAKE HOME  ASSIGNMENT

1. —————–is the site for photosynthesis in plants[a] cell wall [b] nucleus [c] chloroplast [d] ribosome
2. ————– is an act of changing position of parts or the whole of an organism [a]Excretion [b] Irritability [c] movement [d] reproduction
3. The organ that assist mammal to move is [a] leg [b] muscle [c] hand [d] bone
4. ————— is the act of getting rid of waste product out of the body of living thing [a] respiration [b] irritability [c] excretion [d] reproduction
5. Ability of plants to respond to stimuli is very slow because [a] they are too large [b] they have leaves [c] they do not have organs for movement [d] they have very thick bark.

THEORY

1. State eight differences between plants and animals.
2. Mention two examples of animals that can  (A) give birth to young one alive. (b) lay eggs before hatch them to produce young o