The Circulatory System Basic Science Primary 6 First Term Lesson Notes Week 4

Subject: Basic Science
Class: Primary/Basic 6
Term: First Term
Week: 4
Age: 11 years
Topic: The Circulatory System
Sub-Topic: Meaning of Circulatory System; Functions of the Heart; Drawing and Labeling the Heart
Duration: 2 hours

Behavioral Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils will be able to:

1. Explain the meaning of the circulatory system.
2. Name and identify the parts of the human heart.
3. Describe and state some basic functions of the heart.
4. Draw a typical heart and label its parts.

Keywords:

• Circulatory System
• Heart
• Blood Vessels
• Chambers
• Valves

Set Induction:

Start with a simple activity where students feel their pulse to introduce the concept of blood circulation. Discuss how the heart pumps blood throughout the body.

Entry Behavior:

Students should have basic knowledge of the human body and its functions from previous lessons.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Diagrams of the human circulatory system
• Images or models of the heart
• Whiteboard and markers
• Paper and colored pencils for drawing

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Connect the circulatory system to previous lessons about the human body and how different systems work together to maintain health.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Observation
• Drawing
• Labeling
• Description

Learning Materials:

• Diagrams and images of the heart and circulatory system
• Models or 3D heart models (if available)

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Basic Science Textbook for Primary 6

Instructional Materials:

• Whiteboard
• Markers
• Drawing paper
• Colored pencils

Content:

1. Meaning of Circulatory System:
   • The circulatory system is a network of blood vessels, the heart, and blood that circulates throughout the body to transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste products.
2. Parts of the Heart:
   • Atria (Left and Right): Upper chambers of the heart.
   • Ventricles (Left and Right): Lower chambers of the heart.
   • Valves (Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Mitral, Aortic): Ensure one-way flow of blood.
   • Aorta: Main artery that carries oxygenated blood to the body.
   • Vena Cava: Major veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart.
3. Functions of the Heart:
   • Pumping Blood: The heart pumps blood through the circulatory system to deliver oxygen and nutrients.
   • Maintaining Blood Pressure: It helps regulate blood pressure.
   • Removing Waste: The heart assists in removing waste products from the bloodstream.
4. Drawing and Labeling the Heart:
   • Draw a simple diagram of the heart showing the atria, ventricles, valves, aorta, and vena cava.
   • Label each part clearly.

Questions:

1. The circulatory system includes the heart, blood vessels, and ______. (a) muscles, (b) nerves, (c) blood, (d) bones
2. The heart has ______ chambers. (a) two, (b) three, (c) four, (d) five
3. The ______ valve controls blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. (a) Mitral, (b) Aortic, (c) Tricuspid, (d) Pulmonary
4. Blood is pumped from the heart through the ______. (a) veins, (b) arteries, (c) capillaries, (d) nerves
5. The ______ returns deoxygenated blood to the heart. (a) Aorta, (b) Pulmonary artery, (c) Vena cava, (d) Coronary vein
6. The heart pumps blood to the ______ and other organs. (a) stomach, (b) lungs, (c) kidneys, (d) brain
7. The ______ valve prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium. (a) Tricuspid, (b) Pulmonary, (c) Mitral, (d) Aortic
8. The ______ carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body. (a) Vena cava, (b) Aorta, (c) Pulmonary vein, (d) Coronary artery
9. The ______ is the largest artery in the body. (a) Vena cava, (b) Aorta, (c) Pulmonary artery, (d) Carotid artery
10. The heart’s left atrium receives blood from the ______. (a) body, (b) lungs, (c) veins, (d) arteries
11. Blood flows from the right ventricle to the ______ artery. (a) Pulmonary, (b) Aortic, (c) Coronary, (d) Carotid
12. The ______ separates the left and right sides of the heart. (a) Septum, (b) Valve, (c) Aorta, (d) Vena cava
13. The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the ______. (a) lungs, (b) heart, (c) body, (d) liver
14. The ______ carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. (a) Aorta, (b) Pulmonary vein, (c) Vena cava, (d) Coronary artery
15. The heart’s right atrium receives blood from the ______. (a) lungs, (b) body, (c) aorta, (d) veins

Class Activity Discussion :

1. Q: What is the main function of the circulatory system?
   A: To transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.
2. Q: How many chambers does the heart have?
   A: The heart has four chambers.
3. Q: What is the role of the valves in the heart?
   A: Valves ensure that blood flows in one direction and prevents backflow.
4. Q: What is the difference between the atria and ventricles?
   A: Atria are the upper chambers, while ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart.
5. Q: Which artery carries oxygenated blood from the heart?
   A: The aorta.
6. Q: How does the heart maintain blood pressure?
   A: By pumping blood throughout the body.
7. Q: What does the vena cava do?
   A: It returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.
8. Q: Why is the heart divided into left and right sides?
   A: To separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and manage different circulations.
9. Q: How does the heart’s function affect other organs?
   A: It supplies them with oxygen and nutrients through the blood.
10. Q: What is the purpose of the pulmonary artery?
    A: To carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
11. Q: Why is the aorta important?
    A: It is the main artery that distributes oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body.
12. Q: How can you check your pulse?
    A: By feeling the heartbeat in your wrist or neck.
13. Q: What is the septum?
    A: The wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart.
14. Q: What is the function of the pulmonary veins?
    A: They carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
15. Q: How does the heart help in removing waste?
    A: By circulating blood that carries waste products to the kidneys and lungs for removal.

Presentation:

1. Introduction:
   • Discuss the importance of the circulatory system and its components.
   • Show a diagram or model of the heart.
2. Activity:
   • Label a diagram of the heart on the whiteboard.
   • Allow students to draw and label their own diagrams.
3. Practical Application:
   • Have students draw a typical heart and label its parts using colored pencils.
4. Review:
   • Summarize key points and check understanding through questions and answers.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Introduce the circulatory system and its functions.
• Lead a discussion on the parts of the heart.
• Guide students in drawing and labeling the heart.

Learners’ Activities:

• Listen and participate in the discussion.
• Draw and label the heart.
• Engage in a quiz or discussion to reinforce learning.

Assessment:

• Observe students’ ability to draw and label the heart.
• Evaluate their understanding through the fill-in-the-blank questions and FAQs.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
2. Name the four chambers of the heart.
3. What is the function of the aorta?
4. Where does the vena cava carry blood from?
5. What does the pulmonary artery do?
6. Describe the role of heart valves.
7. Why is it important for the heart to pump blood?
8. What separates the left and right sides of the heart?
9. How does the heart contribute to maintaining blood pressure?
10. What are the main functions of the heart?

Conclusion:

• Recap the main points about the circulatory system and the heart.
• Check each student’s drawing for accuracy and provide feedback.