Primary 6 Second Term History Revision

SUBJECT:

HISTORY    

 

CLASS:         

BASIC  6 / GRADE 6 / PRIMARY 6

 

TERM:         

SECOND TERM  (2ND TERM) 

 

WEEK :

WEEK 12

 

TOPIC :

Revision 

• By-products of crude oil

 

Previous Lesson :

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF NIGERIA OIL ECONOMY (2)

 

 

Learning Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to :

• List the by-products of crude oil
• State what the by-products of crude oil are used for
• Discuss the benefits of crude oil production to Nigeria economy
• Explain the positive and negative effects of crude oil on the economy.

 

 

Learning Activities

• Pupils as individuals , list the by-products of crude oil
• Pupils are guided to list what these by-products of crude oil are used for
• Pupils in small groups explain the positive and negative effects of crude oil on Nigeria economy

Embedded Core Skills

• Critical thinking and problem solving
• Digital Literacy
• Communication and Collaboration
• Citizenship

 

Learning Resources

• Pictures of by-products of petroleum
• Pictures of refineries in Nigeria 🇳🇬
• Pictures of major oil companies in Nigeria like Ẹni, Total, Equinex, Addex etc
• Pictures of environment degradation caused by oil spillage and vandals

 

 

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:

• Identification,
• explanation,
• questions and answers,
• demonstration,
• story-telling,
• videos from source

 

Content

Crude oil

Crude oil is a naturally occurring unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbon  that formed from plant and animal that lived millions of years ago. It exists in liquid form in underground pools or reservoirs in small spaces within the sedimentary rocks as well as near the surface of the soil

 

Where Crude come from and how it was formed

Most of the oil we extract today comes from the remains of alga and animal type of plant called zooplankton whose remains settled on the bottom of an ocean or lake over the years. Over the years, these organic materials combined with mud and were heated to high temperatures from the pressure created by heavy layers of earth on top.

 

Petroleum is believed to come from the transformed remains of dead organism long ago. The majority of petroleum is believed to come from dead plants and animals in marine environment.

The formation of oil begins in warm shallow oceans million of years ago. The deposits from sediments that eventually form oil as the years passed on. The energy in the oil comes from the sun. The energy from sunlight is trapped in chemical from by the dead plant and animal materials. This gives oil its energy characteristics.

By-products of Crude Oil:

1. Gasoline: Used in cars 🚗
2. Diesel: Used in trucks and generators 🚚⚡
3. Ethanol: Used in alcoholic beverages 🍺
4. Asphalt: Used in road construction 🛣️
5. Propane: Used for heating and cooking 🔥
6. Butane: Used in lighters and stoves 🕯️
7. Ethylene: Used in plastics production 🛍️
8. Methane: Used in natural gas for cooking and heating 🍳

Uses of By-products:

• Gasoline, diesel, propane, and butane are fuels for vehicles and household use.
• Ethanol is used in drinks and as a fuel additive.
• Asphalt is used for roads and roofing.
• Ethylene is crucial for making plastics and synthetic fibers.
• Methane is used for heating and electricity.

Benefits to Nigeria’s Economy:

• Exporting crude oil brings in money 💰
• Provides jobs in oil production, transportation, and related industries 👷‍♂️
• Funds government projects like schools and hospitals 🏫🏥

Positive Effects on the Economy:

• Boosts GDP (Gross Domestic Product) through exports 📈
• Creates jobs in various sectors 🛠️
• Funds infrastructure development 🏗️

Negative Effects on the Economy:

• Over-reliance on oil can weaken other industries 🏭
• Oil prices can be unpredictable, affecting revenue 💸
• Environmental damage from oil spills can harm fishing and tourism 🌊🎣🏝️

EVALUATION:    1.Explain the meaning of crude oil

1. Explain where crude oil came from and how it was formed

 

 

Oil was discovered in Nigeria in 1956 at Oloibiri in the Niger Delta after half a century of exploitation.

The discovery was made by Shell B.P. Nigeria joined the ranks of oil producers in 1958 when its first oil field came on stream producing 5,100 barrels per day.

      Oloibiri oil field is an on shore oil field located in Oloibiri in Ogbia Local Government Area of Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Oloibiri is about 45miles(72km) east of port-Harcourt in the Niger Delta.

Oloibiri oilfield is named after Oloibiri, a small remote creek community where it is located in Nigeria. Oilfields are usually named after the host community where it is located or a local landmark. Sometimes, oilfields are also given names taken from indigenous languages

EVALUATION:    1. State when Oil exploration started

1. How was Crude oil discovered and who discovered it

 

How the by-products of Crude oil are separated

The byproducts of crude oil are separated into products through the process of Chromatography. This separation processes is done in the Refinery.

An oil Refinery or Petroleum Refinery is an industrial processing plant where crude oil is separated into various components such as the following:

1. Gasoline
2. Heating oil
3. Jet fuel
4. Petrochemical feedstock,
5. Lubricating oil and asphalt
6. Steel
7. Plastics.

 

Main Products Include:

1. Liquefied Petroleum gas(LPG)
2. Bitumen
3. Kerosene
4. Diesel
5. Gasoline.

 

EVALUATION:    1. What are the by-products of Crude Oil?

1. Mention four by-products of Crude Oil
2. How can the by-products be separated?

 

Benefits Of Crude Oil To Nigerian Economy.

Crude oil is responsible for 90% of Nigeria export earnings. It is the bed rock of the Nigerian Economy. Nigeria is first in oil production in Africa and eight in the world.

Other Importance Of Crude Oil(Petroleum) includes the following:

1. It aids mechanized farming in Nigeria.
2. It enhances infrastructural development.
3. It helps our technology to grow.
4. It has broad area of usage both in our domestic and industrial application.
5. It helps to boost our industrial growth.

Nigeria as it is today is dependent on oil revenue. Nigeria cooperate existence is dependent on oil. Any time there is crisis in the oil market, Nigeria feels the impact greatly. It is therefore advisable that our economy base be widened so as to reduce our over dependence on oil revenue.

 

What are by-products of crude oil?

• By-products of crude oil include gasoline, diesel, propane, and ethylene.

2. What are these by-products used for?

• Gasoline and diesel are used in cars and trucks.
• Propane is used for cooking and heating, while ethylene is used for making plastics.

3. How does crude oil help Nigeria’s economy?

• It brings in money through exports and creates jobs in oil-related industries.

4. What are the positive effects of crude oil on the economy?

• It boosts the country’s GDP, creates jobs, and funds development projects.

5. Are there any negative effects of crude oil on the economy?

• Over-reliance on oil can weaken other industries, and oil prices can be unpredictable.

6. What is another by-product of crude oil used for cooking and heating?

• Methane is another by-product used for cooking and heating.

7. What is asphalt used for?

• Asphalt is used for building roads and roofs.

8. How does crude oil help in making plastics?

• Ethylene, a by-product of crude oil, is essential in making plastics.

9. Can crude oil be used in making alcoholic beverages?

• Yes, ethanol, a by-product of crude oil, is used in alcoholic beverages.

10. What environmental issue can arise from crude oil production?

• Oil spills can harm the environment, affecting fishing and tourism industries.