ECONOMIC HISTORY OF NIGERIA OIL ECONOMY (3)

SUBJECT:

HISTORY    

CLASS:         

BASIC  6 / GRADE 6 / PRIMARY 6

TERM:         

SECOND TERM  (2ND TERM) 

WEEK :

WEEK 10 and 11

TOPIC :

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF NIGERIA OIL ECONOMY (3)

• By-products of crude oil

Previous Lesson :

ECONOMIC HISTORY OF NIGERIA OIL ECONOMY (2)

Learning Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to :

• List the by-products of crude oil
• State what the by-products of crude oil are used for
• Discuss the benefits of crude oil production to Nigeria economy
• Explain the positive and negative effects of crude oil on the economy.

Learning Activities

• Pupils as individuals , list the by-products of crude oil
• Pupils are guided to list what these by-products of crude oil are used for
• Pupils in small groups explain the positive and negative effects of crude oil on Nigeria economy

Embedded Core Skills

• Critical thinking and problem solving
• Digital Literacy
• Communication and Collaboration
• Citizenship

Learning Resources

• Pictures of by-products of petroleum
• Pictures of refineries in Nigeria 🇳🇬
• Pictures of major oil companies in Nigeria like Ẹni, Total, Equinex, Addex etc
• Pictures of environment degradation caused by oil spillage and vandals

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:

• Identification,
• explanation,
• questions and answers,
• demonstration,
• story-telling,
• videos from source

Content

List of By-products of Crude oil

1. Gasoline – Used as fuel for cars and light-duty vehicles.
2. Diesel fuel – Used as fuel for heavy-duty vehicles, such as trucks and buses.
3. Kerosene – Used as fuel for jet engines, lamps, and as a cleaning agent.
4. Propane – Used as a fuel for heating, cooking, and as a fuel for vehicles.
5. Asphalt – Used as a material for paving roads, parking lots, and other flat surfaces.
6. Plastic – Used in a wide range of products, including packaging, water bottles, toys, and clothing.
7. Tar – Used as a waterproofing material for roofs and for preserving wooden structures.
8. Lubricating oil – Used to reduce friction in engines and machinery and to protect metal surfaces from wear.
9. Chemical fertilizers – Used to enhance plant growth and increase crop yields.
10. Petrochemicals – Used as raw materials in the production of a wide range of products, including paints, adhesives, cleaning agents, and synthetic fibers.

The positive and negative effects of crude oil exploration on the Nigerian economy

Positive Effects:

1. Increased government revenue – Crude oil exploration generates income for the government through taxes and royalties.
2. Job creation – The oil industry provides employment opportunities for local workers in Nigeria.
3. Infrastructure development – The oil industry can lead to the development of infrastructure, such as roads and ports, which can benefit the wider economy.
4. Foreign investment – Crude oil exploration can attract foreign investment into Nigeria, which can boost economic growth.

Negative Effects:

1. Environmental damage – Crude oil exploration can lead to oil spills and other environmental hazards, which can harm the environment and local communities.
2. Dependence on a single resource – Nigeria’s economy is heavily reliant on crude oil, which can make the country vulnerable to changes in the oil market.
3. Corruption – The oil industry can attract corruption and mismanagement of funds, which can hurt the wider economy.
4. Displacement of local communities – Crude oil exploration can lead to the displacement of local communities and the loss of traditional livelihoods.

Example: Imagine a village near an oil rig. The oil rig provides jobs for the villagers, and the government uses the revenue generated from the oil to build a new school and a hospital in the village. However, the oil rig also causes oil spills that pollute the villagers’ drinking water and fishing grounds, which affects their health and their ability to earn a living. This illustrates both the positive and negative effects of crude oil exploration on the Nigerian economy.

Evaluation

1. What is crude oil primarily used for? a. Fuel for vehicles b. Raw material for plastics c. Energy source for power plants d. All of the above
2. What is the major by-product of crude oil used as fuel for heavy-duty vehicles? a. Gasoline b. Diesel fuel c. Propane d. Tar
3. What is the process of extracting crude oil called? a. Drilling b. Refining c. Transportation d. Exploration
4. What are the positive effects of crude oil exploration on the Nigerian economy? a. Increased government revenue b. Job creation c. Improved infrastructure d. All of the above
5. What are the negative effects of crude oil exploration on the environment? a. Oil spills b. Water pollution c. Soil contamination d. All of the above
6. What is the main factor that makes Nigeria’s economy vulnerable? a. Overreliance on crude oil b. Lack of foreign investment c. Low levels of job creation d. Inefficient infrastructure
7. What is one of the negative effects of crude oil exploration on local communities? a. Displacement b. Improved living standards c. Access to healthcare d. Job opportunities
8. What is the process of converting crude oil into usable products called? a. Drilling b. Refining c. Transportation d. Exploration
9. What is the primary raw material used to make chemical fertilizers? a. Natural gas b. Crude oil c. Coal d. Renewable energy
10. What are the primary sources of corruption in the oil industry? a. Mismanagement of funds b. Inefficient transportation c. Lack of government oversight d. All of the above

Summary

1. Crude oil is primarily used for fuel.
2. The by-product of crude oil used as fuel for heavy-duty vehicles is diesel fuel.
3. The process of extracting crude oil is called drilling.
4. The process of converting crude oil into usable products is called refining.
5. Increased government revenue, job creation, and infrastructure development are all examples of positive effects of crude oil exploration on the Nigerian economy.
6. Environmental damage, dependence on a single resource, and corruption are examples of negative effects of crude oil exploration on the Nigerian economy.
7. Nigeria’s economy is heavily reliant on crude oil.
8. Crude oil exploration can lead to the displacement of local communities and the loss of traditional livelihoods, which is known as displacement.
9. Chemical fertilizers are made using crude oil as a raw material.
10. Mismanagement of funds and lack of government oversight are examples of corruption in the oil industry.

Lesson Presentation

Introduction (5 minutes):

• Ask students what they know about crude oil.
• Show an image of crude oil and ask students what they think it is used for.

Slide 1: What is Crude Oil? (5 minutes)

• Explain that crude oil is a fossil fuel that is formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals.
• Show how crude oil is extracted from the ground through drilling.
• Discuss how crude oil is a valuable resource used for fuel and as a raw material for making various products.

Slide 2: By-products of Crude Oil (5 minutes)

• Explain that crude oil is processed into various by-products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and propane.
• Discuss how these by-products are used in our daily lives, such as for fueling vehicles, heating homes, and cooking food.

Slide 3: The Positive and Negative Effects of Crude Oil Exploration on the Nigerian Economy (10 minutes)

• Explain that crude oil is a major source of revenue for Nigeria, but also has negative effects on the environment and local communities.
• Discuss the positive effects such as increased government revenue, job creation, and infrastructure development.
• Discuss the negative effects such as environmental damage, dependence on a single resource, and corruption.

Slide 4: Quiz (10 minutes)

• Review the key points from the presentation with a short quiz.
• Ask students to work in pairs to complete the quiz.

Conclusion (5 minutes):

• Summarize the key points from the presentation.
• Encourage students to think critically about the role of crude oil in our lives and its impact on the environment and local communities.
• Ask students to share their thoughts and opinions on crude oil exploration.

Assessment:

• Observe students during the presentation to assess their understanding and engagement.
• Review students’ answers to the quiz to assess their comprehension of the material.

Extension:

• Encourage students to do further research on crude oil and its impact on the environment and local communities.
• Have students create a poster or write a short essay on the topic to demonstrate their understanding.

Weekly Assessment / Test

1. Crude oil is primarily used for __________.
2. The by-product of crude oil used as fuel for heavy-duty vehicles is __________.
3. The process of extracting crude oil is called __________.
4. The process of converting crude oil into usable products is called __________.
5. Increased government revenue, job creation, and infrastructure development are all examples of __________ effects of crude oil exploration on the Nigerian economy.
6. Environmental damage, dependence on a single resource, and corruption are examples of __________ effects of crude oil exploration on the Nigerian economy.
7. Nigeria’s economy is heavily reliant on __________.
8. Crude oil exploration can lead to the displacement of local communities and the loss of traditional livelihoods, which is known as __________.
9. Chemical fertilizers are made using __________ as a raw material.
10. Mismanagement of funds and lack of government oversight are examples of __________ in the oil industry.