Civic Rule in Nigeria Second Republic 1979 To 1985

First Term Lesson Notes History Primary 6

Subject: 

History

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Term:

FIRST TERM

Week:

WEEK 3

Class:

Primary 6/Basic 6

Topic:

Civic Rule in Nigeria Second Republic 1979 To 1985

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Previous lesson: 

The pupils have previous knowledge of

Civic Rule in Nigeria First Republic 1960 To 1966

that was taught as a topic in the previous lesson

 

Behavioural objectives:

By the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to

• Give the names of the political parties in Nigeria in the second Republic and their leaders
• List the features of the presidential system of government during the second Republic in Nigeria
• Examine the achievement of the second Republic in Nigeria under the Administration of President Sheu Shagari
• Explain why the second Republic failed in Nigeria
• What really led to civil war in Nigeria and the process of civil war

 

Instructional Materials:

• Wall charts
• Pictures
• Related Online Video
• Flash Cards
• Photos of State House of Assembly
• Pictures of voters casting their votes
• Political map of Nigeria
• Pictures of Past Presidents of Nigeria

 

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Methods of Teaching:

• Class Discussion
• Group Discussion
• Asking Questions
• Explanation
• Role Modelling
• Role Delegation

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Reference Materials:

• Scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum

 

Content:

 

What is the meaning of Second Republic in Nigeria?

The Second Republic of Nigeria refers to the period of government in Nigeria from 1979 to 1983, following the handover of power from military rule to civilian rule. The Second Republic was marked by a return to democratic governance and the adoption of a presidential system of government. During this period, Nigeria was led by President Shehu Shagari, who was elected in 1979 and re-elected in 1983. However, his government was later overthrown in a military coup led by General Muhammadu Buhari in 1983, leading to the end of the Second Republic and the beginning of another period of military rule. The Second Republic is generally remembered as a time of economic instability and political turmoil in Nigeria.

The Vice President of Nigeria during the Second Republic was Dr. Alex Ekwueme. He served as Vice President from 1979 to 1983, under President Shehu Shagari. Dr. Ekwueme was a prominent lawyer and politician, and he played a key role in the negotiations that led to the return to democratic rule in 1979. Prior to his appointment as Vice President, he had served as the Minister of Health in the government of General Murtala Ramat Mohammed. After the end of the Second Republic in 1983, Dr. Ekwueme remained active in politics and later served as the President of the People’s Democratic Party (PDP). He passed away in 2017.

Evaluation

1. Who was the President of Nigeria during the Second Republic? a. Shehu Shagari b. Muhammadu Buhari c. Olusegun Obasanjo d. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
2. When did the Second Republic of Nigeria begin? a. 1979 b. 1983 c. 1998 d. 1999
3. What system of government was adopted during the Second Republic? a. Parliamentary system b. Presidential system c. Federal system d. Military system
4. How long did the Second Republic last? a. 4 years b. 6 years c. 8 years d. 10 years
5. What was the main political party during the Second Republic? a. People’s Democratic Party (PDP) b. All Progressives Congress (APC) c. National Party of Nigeria (NPN) d. Nigerian People’s Party (NPP)
6. Who overthrew the government of the Second Republic in a military coup? a. Shehu Shagari b. Muhammadu Buhari c. Olusegun Obasanjo d. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
7. What was the main cause of the economic instability during the Second Republic? a. High inflation rates b. Low oil prices c. Political corruption d. All of the above
8. What was the main achievement of the Second Republic? a. The establishment of democratic governance b. The adoption of a presidential system of government c. The implementation of economic reforms d. All of the above
9. Who was the Vice President of Nigeria during the Second Republic? a. Alex Ekwueme b. Atiku Abubakar c. Goodluck Jonathan d. Yemi Osinbajo
10. What was the main foreign policy of the Second Republic? a. Non-alignment b. Neocolonialism c. Pan-Africanism d. Globalization

Answers: 1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. a, 5. c, 6. b, 7. d, 8. d, 9. a, 10. a

 

Give the names of the political parties in Nigeria in the second Republic and their leaders

• Greater Nigerian People’s Party (GNPP) _ Alhaji Waziri Ibrahim
• National Party of Nigeria (NPN)^{[6] _ Makaman Bida}
• Nigeria Advance Party (NAP) _ Tunji Braithwaite
• Nigerian People’s Party (NPP) _ The party was made up of three major groups
• People’s Redemption Party (PRP) Mallam Aminu Kano
• Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) _ Obafemi Awolow

 

 

 

Features of the presidential system of government during the second Republic in Nigeria

The presidential system of government during the second Republic in Nigeria (1979-1983) had the following features:

1. Separation of powers: The three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) were separated and independent of each other, with each branch having its own specific functions and responsibilities.
2. Presidential leadership: The President was the head of state and government, with executive powers including the appointment of ministers, the veto of legislation, and the power to declare a state of emergency.
3. Single-party system: The ruling party during the second Republic was the National Party of Nigeria (NPN), which was the only political party allowed to contest elections.
4. Cabinet system: The President was assisted by a Cabinet of Ministers, who were responsible for managing the various departments and agencies of the government.
5. Parliamentary system: The legislative branch of government was made up of the National Assembly, which was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
6. Federal system: Nigeria is a federal state, with power shared between the central government and the states.
7. Rule of law: The judicial branch of government was responsible for interpreting and enforcing the laws of the country, and ensuring that the rights of citizens were protected.
8. Elections: Elections were held regularly to choose the President and members of the National Assembly.

Evaluation

 

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Marking Guide 

 

d. Rule of law

a. President

c. Judicial

d. Managing the economy

c. Parliament

a. National Party of Nigeria (NPN)

d. Holding the President accountable for his actions

b. Unitary system

a. Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)

c. Making policy decisions

 

Achievement of the second Republic in Nigeria under the Administration of President Sheu Shagari

1. Economic stability: The Shagari administration implemented policies aimed at stabilizing the economy, such as the National Development Plan, which focused on improving infrastructure, increasing agricultural production, and expanding manufacturing.
2. Political stability: The second Republic was marked by relative political stability compared to previous periods, with regular elections and a peaceful transfer of power to the next administration.
3. Improved relations with other countries: The Shagari administration worked to improve relations with other countries, particularly with neighboring West African states, through initiatives such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
4. Social welfare programs: The Shagari administration implemented social welfare programs, such as the National Directorate of Employment (NDE), which aimed to provide employment and training opportunities for young Nigerians.
5. Investment in education: The Shagari administration increased funding for education and implemented policies aimed at expanding access to primary and secondary education.
6. Infrastructure development: The Shagari administration invested in infrastructure projects, such as the construction of roads, bridges, and power plants, which helped to improve transportation and access to electricity.
7. Agricultural development: The Shagari administration implemented policies aimed at improving agricultural production, such as the Green Revolution, which aimed to increase crop yields through the use of modern farming techniques.
8. Industrialization: The Shagari administration implemented policies aimed at promoting industrialization, such as the establishment of the Nigerian Investment Promotion Council (NIPC), which provided incentives for foreign and domestic investment in the country.

 

 

Evaluation

 

1. Which of the following was NOT an achievement of the second Republic in Nigeria under the Administration of President Sheu Shagari? a. Economic stability b. Political instability c. Improved relations with other countries d. Investment in education
2. Which policy implemented by the Shagari administration aimed at providing employment and training opportunities for young Nigerians? a. National Directorate of Employment (NDE) b. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) c. Nigerian Investment Promotion Council (NIPC) d. National Development Plan
3. Which of the following was NOT a focus of the National Development Plan implemented by the Shagari administration? a. Improving infrastructure b. Increasing agricultural production c. Expanding manufacturing d. Promoting tourism
4. Which of the following initiatives implemented by the Shagari administration aimed to improve relations with other countries, particularly with neighboring West African states? a. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) b. National Directorate of Employment (NDE) c. Nigerian Investment Promotion Council (NIPC) d. National Development Plan
5. Which of the following was NOT a focus of the Shagari administration’s efforts to improve education in Nigeria? a. Increasing funding for education b. Expanding access to primary and secondary education c. Promoting vocational training d. Improving the quality of higher education
6. Which of the following was NOT an infrastructure project implemented by the Shagari administration? a. Construction of roads b. Construction of bridges c. Construction of airports d. Construction of power plants
7. Which policy implemented by the Shagari administration aimed at increasing crop yields through the use of modern farming techniques? a. Green Revolution b. National Directorate of Employment (NDE) c. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) d. National Development Plan
8. Which of the following was NOT an incentive provided by the Nigerian Investment Promotion Council (NIPC) to encourage foreign and domestic investment in Nigeria? a. Tax breaks b. Access to financing c. Technical assistance d. Land ownership rights
9. Which of the following was NOT a focus of the Shagari administration’s efforts to promote industrialization in Nigeria? a. Investment in infrastructure b. Investment in human capital c. Investment in research and development d. Investment in marketing
10. Which of the following was NOT an achievement of the second Republic in Nigeria under the Administration of President Sheu Shagari? a. Political stability b. Social welfare programs c. Investment in education d. Investment in research and development

 

Marking Guide 

1. b. Political instability
2. a. National Directorate of Employment (NDE)
3. d. Promoting tourism
4. a. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
5. d. Improving the quality of higher education
6. c. Construction of airports
7. a. Green Revolution
8. d. Land ownership rights
9. d. Investment in marketing
10. d. Investment in research and development

 

 

Why The Second Republic In Nigeria Failed

1. Corruption: The Shagari administration was plagued by widespread corruption, which damaged the government’s credibility and eroded public trust.
2. Economic mismanagement: The government’s economic policies were largely ineffective and led to a decline in economic growth and an increase in inflation.
3. Political instability: The ruling party, the National Party of Nigeria (NPN), was deeply divided, which contributed to a lack of cohesion within the government and made it difficult to implement effective policies.
4. Ethnic and religious tensions: Nigeria is a diverse country with a complex mix of ethnic and religious groups, and these tensions often played a role in the failure of the second Republic.
5. Military intervention: The military played a significant role in the government of Nigeria during the second Republic, and the country experienced several military coups during this period.
6. Oil dependence: Nigeria is heavily reliant on oil exports, and the fall in global oil prices during the second Republic had a negative impact on the country’s economy.
7. Political opposition: The ruling party faced strong opposition from other political parties, which made it difficult for the government to effectively govern.
8. Weak institutions: Nigeria’s democratic institutions were still relatively weak during the second Republic, and this made it difficult for the government to effectively carry out its duties.

 

Evaluation

1. Which of the following was NOT a reason why the second Republic in Nigeria failed? a. Corruption b. Economic growth c. Political instability d. Military intervention
2. Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the lack of cohesion within the government during the second Republic in Nigeria? a. Division within the ruling party b. Strong opposition from other political parties c. Ethnic and religious tensions d. Weak democratic institutions
3. Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the fall in economic growth during the second Republic in Nigeria? a. Economic mismanagement b. Fall in global oil prices c. Military coups d. Political opposition
4. Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the military’s significant role in the government of Nigeria during the second Republic? a. Weak democratic institutions b. Political instability c. Ethnic and religious tensions d. Strong opposition from other political parties
5. Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the fall in global oil prices during the second Republic in Nigeria? a. Economic mismanagement b. Political instability c. Military coups d. OPEC oil embargo
6. Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the strong opposition faced by the ruling party during the second Republic in Nigeria? a. Corruption b. Economic mismanagement c. Political instability d. Ethnic and religious tensions
7. Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the weakness of democratic institutions in Nigeria during the second Republic? a. Lack of political experience b. Limited resources c. Strong opposition from other political parties d. Military intervention
8. Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the rise in inflation during the second Republic in Nigeria? a. Economic mismanagement b. Fall in global oil prices c. Political instability d. Military coups
9. Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the erosion of public trust in the government during the second Republic in Nigeria? a. Corruption b. Economic mismanagement c. Political stability d. Strong opposition from other political parties
10. Which of the following was NOT a factor contributing to the difficulties faced by the government in effectively implementing policies during the second Republic in Nigeria? a. Division within the ruling party b. Political opposition c. Ethnic and religious tensions d. Strong democratic institutions

 

Marking Guide 

1. b. Economic growth
2. b. Strong opposition from other political parties
3. a. Economic mismanagement
4. d. Strong opposition from other political parties
5. d. OPEC oil embargo
6. c. Political instability
7. d. Military intervention
8. a. Economic mismanagement
9. c. Political stability
10. d. Strong democratic institutions

 

 

 

The process of the Nigerian civil war.

The civil war in Nigeria, also known as the Biafra conflict or the Nigerian-Biafran War, was a conflict that took place from 1967 to 1970 in Nigeria. It was a result of tensions and disputes over economic, political, and ethnic issues between the federal government and the southeastern region of Nigeria, which had declared independence as the Republic of Biafra.

The conflict began when the military government of Nigeria, led by General Yakubu Gowon, declared a policy of “No victor, no vanquished” after the conclusion of the Nigerian Civil War (also known as the Nigerian coup d’état). This policy was meant to reconcile the various ethnic and regional factions in the country, but it was perceived as unfair by many in the southeastern region, who felt that they had been marginalized by the government.

In response, a group of eastern Nigerian military officers, led by Colonel Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, declared the independence of the Republic of Biafra in May 1967. The federal government responded by launching a military campaign to suppress the rebellion and reunite the country.

The war was characterized by heavy fighting and widespread atrocities on both sides. The Biafran forces were able to hold their own for several years, thanks to their superior military tactics and the support of foreign powers, but they eventually ran out of resources and were forced to surrender in January 1970. The war resulted in the deaths of an estimated one million people, mostly civilians, and caused a humanitarian crisis in the region. The conflict also had long-lasting effects on Nigeria, including economic and political instability and ongoing tensions between different ethnic and regional groups.

 

 

Evaluation

 

1. What was the name of the conflict that took place in Nigeria from 1967 to 1970? a. Nigerian Civil War b. Biafra conflict c. Nigerian-Biafran War d. Nigerian coup d’état
2. What was the policy declared by the military government of Nigeria after the conclusion of the Nigerian Civil War? a. “No victor, no vanquished” b. “One Nigeria” c. “Victory or death” d. “Unity in diversity”
3. Who declared the independence of the Republic of Biafra in May 1967? a. General Yakubu Gowon b. Colonel Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu c. Major General Murtala Ramat Mohammed d. General Sani Abacha
4. What was the federal government’s response to the declaration of independence by the Republic of Biafra? a. Negotiations for a peaceful settlement b. Military campaign to suppress the rebellion c. Economic sanctions d. Diplomatic isolation
5. Which of the following was NOT a factor that contributed to the success of the Biafran forces during the conflict? a. Superior military tactics b. Support from foreign powers c. Economic resources d. Political instability
6. When did the Biafran forces surrender to the federal government in Nigeria? a. May 1967 b. January 1970 c. July 1969 d. November 1968
7. What was the estimated number of deaths during the civil war in Nigeria? a. 500,000 b. 1 million c. 2 million d. 3 million
8. Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the civil war in Nigeria? a. Humanitarian crisis in the region b. Economic and political stability c. Ongoing tensions between different ethnic and regional groups d. Improved relations with other countries
9. Who was the leader of the military government of Nigeria during the civil war? a. General Yakubu Gowon b. Colonel Chukwuemeka Odumegwu

 

 

Marking Guide 

 

1. c. Nigerian-Biafran War
2. a. “No victor, no vanquished”
3. b. Colonel Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu
4. b. Military campaign to suppress the rebellion
5. d. Political instability
6. b. January 1970
7. b. 1 million
8. b. Economic and political stability
9. a. General Yakubu Gowon

 

Presentation

 

The topic is presented step by step

 

Step 1:

The class teacher revises the previous topics

 

Step 2.

He introduces the new topic. Pupils are encouraged to explain personal security. Pupils in pairs are to suggest people that they can reach out to when in harm, fear or danger.

 

Step 3:

The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise. The class teacher makes the pupils to know the reasons for person security

 

Conclusion

The class teacher wraps up or concludes the lesson by giving out short notes to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.

The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.

He or she does the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise.