Understanding the meaning, examples, types, and differences between acids and bases Basic Science Primary 5 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 2

Subject: Basic Science

Class: Primary 5

Term: Third Term

Week: 2

Topic: Acids and Bases

Sub-topic: Understanding the meaning, examples, types, and differences between acids and bases.

Duration: 45 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

• Students should be able to explain what acids and bases are.
• Students should be able to give examples of acids and bases.
• Students should be able to identify different types of acids and bases.
• Students should be able to differentiate between acids and bases.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Whiteboard and markers
• Pictures or samples of acids and bases (if available)
• Litmus paper
• Examples of common acids and bases (e.g., lemon juice, vinegar, soap)

Building Background / Connection to prior knowledge:

• Recap previous lessons on states of matter and mixtures.
• Discuss any experiences students may have had with sour or bitter tastes (e.g., lemon juice, soap).

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Communication
• Observation

Content:

1. Meaning:
   • Acids: Acids are like the sour taste in lemons. They can also make metal fizz and give out a special kind of gas.
   • Bases: Bases are like the slippery soap that cleans your hands. They can turn red paper into blue and taste bitter.
2. Examples:
   • Acids: Think of vinegar, which is sour, and lemon juice. Both are acids.
   • Bases: Soap is a base, as well as baking soda, which you use for baking.
3. Types:
   • Acids: Some acids are strong, like the ones in your stomach that help digest food. Others are weak, like the acid in oranges.
   • Bases: There are strong bases, like the ones in cleaning products, and weak bases, like the one in window cleaner.
4. Differences:
   • Acids: They taste sour, turn blue paper red, and can fizz with metals.
   • Bases: They taste bitter, turn red paper blue, and feel slippery like soap. 🍋🧼

Evaluation :

1. Acids are substances that taste _______. a) sweet b) sour c) salty d) bitter
2. Bases are substances that feel _______. a) rough b) smooth c) slippery d) sticky
3. Lemon juice is an example of _______. a) acid b) base c) salt d) sugar
4. Soap is an example of _______. a) acid b) base c) salt d) sugar
5. Acids turn blue litmus paper _______. a) red b) blue c) green d) yellow
6. Bases turn red litmus paper _______. a) red b) blue c) green d) yellow
7. Vinegar is a _______ acid. a) strong b) weak c) medium d) neutral
8. Sodium hydroxide is a _______ base. a) strong b) weak c) medium d) neutral
9. Acids donate _______. a) protons b) electrons c) neutrons d) photons
10. Bases accept _______. a) protons b) electrons c) neutrons d) photons
11. Acids taste _______. a) sweet b) sour c) salty d) bitter
12. Bases taste _______. a) sweet b) sour c) salty d) bitter
13. Acids react with metals to produce _______ gas. a) oxygen b) nitrogen c) hydrogen d) carbon dioxide
14. Bases turn red litmus paper _______. a) red b) blue c) green d) yellow
15. Acids turn blue litmus paper _______. a) red b) blue c) green d) yellow

Class Activity Discussion

1. What are acids and bases? Acids are sour substances, like lemon juice, and bases are slippery substances, like soap.
2. Can you give examples of acids? Yes, examples of acids include lemon juice, vinegar, and stomach acid.
3. What about examples of bases? Examples of bases are soap, baking soda, and some cleaning products.
4. Are all acids and bases the same? No, there are different types of acids and bases, like strong ones and weak ones.
5. What’s the difference between strong and weak acids? Strong acids are very good at giving away protons, while weak acids are not as good.
6. How can we tell if something is an acid or a base? We can use special paper called litmus paper. If it turns red, it’s an acid, and if it turns blue, it’s a base.
7. What happens when acids and bases mix? They can neutralize each other, like when you mix vinegar (an acid) with baking soda (a base), it makes fizz.
8. Do acids and bases taste the same? No, acids taste sour, while bases taste bitter.
9. Can you find acids and bases in our food? Yes, fruits like lemons and oranges have acids, and some vegetables have bases.
10. Do acids and bases react with metals? Yes, acids can react with metals to produce a special gas called hydrogen.
11. Why do we use bases like soap for cleaning? Bases help to break down dirt and grease, making it easier to clean things.
12. Are acids and bases harmful? Some acids and bases can be harmful if we touch or swallow them, so we need to be careful and ask adults for help.
13. Can we make our own acids and bases? Yes, we can make lemonade using lemon juice (an acid) and use baking soda (a base) to clean sometimes.
14. How are acids and bases used in everyday life? Acids are used in cooking and for cleaning, while bases are used in soaps and detergents.
15. Why is it important to learn about acids and bases? Learning about acids and bases helps us understand how things work around us and how to stay safe.

Presentation:

Step 1: Revision

• The teacher revises the previous topic which was “States of Matter and Mixtures.”
• The teacher asks students questions related to the previous lesson to refresh their memory.

Step 2: Introduction of the new topic

• The teacher introduces the new topic, “Acids and Bases.”
• The teacher explains that acids and bases are different types of substances we encounter in everyday life.
• Using examples like lemon juice and soap, the teacher helps students understand the basic characteristics of acids and bases.

Step 3: Interactive session

• The teacher allows the pupils to give their own contributions by asking questions such as:
  • “Can anyone give an example of an acid?”
  • “What are some things we use in our daily life that contain bases?”
• The teacher corrects the pupils when and where necessary, providing guidance to ensure accurate understanding.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Presenting information about acids and bases.
• Facilitating discussions and interactions.
• Providing examples and demonstrations.

Learners’ Activities:

• Listening to the teacher’s explanations.
• Participating in discussions and sharing their own knowledge.
• Observing demonstrations and examples provided.

Assessment:

• Observing students’ participation and engagement during the discussion.
• Asking questions to assess understanding.
• Checking students’ ability to differentiate between acids and bases.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What is the difference between acids and bases?
2. Can you give an example of a common acid?
3. How do acids taste?
4. What are some things we use in cleaning that contain bases?
5. What happens when acids react with metals?
6. How can we tell if something is an acid or a base?
7. Name two types of acids.
8. What does litmus paper do to acids?
9. What do bases feel like?
10. Why is it important to learn about acids and bases?

Conclusion:

• The teacher goes round to mark and does the necessary corrections on the topic above, providing feedback to students.
• Summarize key points discussed during the lesson.
• Encourage students to continue exploring the topic and ask questions if they have any doubts.