Review of Direct and Indirect Speech English Grammar Primary 6 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 1
Third Term Lesson Notes English Grammar Primary 6 Weekly Plan Presentation
Subject : English Grammar
Class : Primary 6 / Basic 6 / Grade 6
Term :Third Term
Week :Week 1
Term :
Third Term / 3rd Term
Week:
Week 2
Topic : Review of Direct and Indirect speech
Previous lesson :
The pupils have previous knowledge of
that was taught in their previous lessons
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
- Understand the concept of direct and indirect speech.
- Differentiate between direct speech and indirect speech.
- Convert sentences from direct speech to indirect speech.
- Identify and apply the changes that occur in nouns, pronouns, verbs, reporting verbs, and adverbs when converting from direct speech to indirect speech
Embedded Core Skills:
- Reading comprehension
- Verbal communication
- Critical thinking
- Writing skills
Learning Materials:
- Whiteboard/Chalkboard and markers/chalk
- Chart paper and markers
- Handouts with examples of direct and indirect speech
- Quotation marks and arrow symbols
- Worksheets for practice
- Assessment rubrics
Content :
Review of Direct and Indirect speech
Good morning, class! Today, we will be reviewing the topic of direct and indirect speech. Direct and indirect speech are different ways of reporting what someone has said. When we use direct speech, we repeat the exact words that were spoken. On the other hand, indirect speech is when we report what someone said without using their exact words.
Let’s start with direct speech. In direct speech, we use quotation marks (” “) to show the exact words spoken by someone. For example, if I say, “I love ice cream,” that is an example of direct speech. Notice the quotation marks around the words that were spoken.
Now, let’s move on to indirect speech. In indirect speech, we do not use quotation marks. Instead, we report what someone said using our own words. To do this, we need to make some changes to the original sentence. Let me give you an example. If someone says, “I am going to the park,” in indirect speech, we would say, “He/she said that he/she was going to the park.” In indirect speech, we need to change the pronouns, verb tenses, and some other words to make the sentence grammatically correct.
Here are some rules to keep in mind when changing direct speech into indirect speech:
1. Change the pronouns: If the speaker refers to themselves as “I” in direct speech, we change it to “he,” “she,” or “they” in indirect speech, depending on the context.
2. Change the verb tense: If the verb in direct speech is in the present tense, we usually change it to the past tense in indirect speech. For example, “I am happy” becomes “He/she said he/she was happy.”
3. Change time expressions: If the speaker mentions a specific time or place in direct speech, we may need to change it in indirect speech to match the new context. For example, “I will go to the party tomorrow” becomes “He/she said he/she would go to the party the next day.”
Let’s practice some examples together:
Direct speech: “I like playing soccer.”
Indirect speech: He/she said that he/she liked playing soccer.
Direct speech: “We are going to the movies tonight.”
Indirect speech: They said that they were going to the movies that night.
Direct speech: “I will finish my homework tomorrow.”
Indirect speech: He/she said that he/she would finish his/her homework the next day.
Remember to make the necessary changes to pronouns, verb tenses, and time expressions when converting from direct to indirect speech.
I hope this review has helped you understand the concept of direct and indirect speech better. Now, it’s time for you to practice on your own.
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Examples Of Direct Speech
1. “I can’t wait for the summer vacation,” said Sara.
2. “Please pass me the book,” requested Alex.
3. “I’m sorry for breaking your toy,” apologized Mark.
4. “I love eating pizza,” exclaimed Emily.
5. “Don’t forget to feed the dog,” reminded Mom.
6. “I won the first prize in the art competition,” announced Peter.
7. “Let’s go to the beach this weekend,” suggested Lisa.
8. “I’m really tired after the long day,” complained Jake.
9. “The movie starts at 7:00 p.m.,” informed the teacher.
10. “I have a surprise for you,” whispered Sarah.
In each of these examples, the exact words spoken by the person are enclosed in quotation marks (” “). The reporting verb, such as “said,” “requested,” “exclaimed,” etc., is used to indicate who is speaking. These examples demonstrate how direct speech allows us to directly quote someone’s words.
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Examples of Indirect Speech
1. Sarah said that she couldn’t wait for the summer vacation.
2. Alex requested that the book be passed to him.
3. Mark apologized for breaking the toy.
4. Emily exclaimed that she loved eating pizza.
5. Mom reminded everyone not to forget to feed the dog.
6. Peter announced that he had won the first prize in the art competition.
7. Lisa suggested going to the beach that weekend.
8. Jake complained that he was really tired after the long day.
9. The teacher informed the students that the movie would start at 7:00 p.m.
10. Sarah whispered that she had a surprise for them.
In each of these examples, the words spoken by the person are reported indirectly, without using quotation marks. The reporting verb is used to introduce the indirect speech. Notice how the pronouns, verb tenses, and other words are changed to fit the context of the reporting sentence. These examples demonstrate how indirect speech is used to report what someone said without using their exact words.
Examples in Tabular form
How to change from direct speech to indirect speech in a tabular form with 10 examples.
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
|---|---|
| “I love ice cream.” | She said that she loved ice cream. |
| “I will visit my grandmother tomorrow.” | He said that he would visit his grandmother the next day. |
| “Can you help me with my homework?” | She asked if I could help her with her homework. |
| “I have finished my work.” | He said that he had finished his work. |
| “I don’t like this movie.” | She said that she didn’t like that movie. |
| “We are going to the park.” | They said that they were going to the park. |
| “Please close the door.” | He requested to please close the door. |
| “I am going to the store.” | She mentioned that she was going to the store. |
| “I want to be a doctor.” | He expressed his desire to become a doctor. |
| “I can’t attend the party.” | She said that she couldn’t attend the party. |
In each example, we can see the conversion from direct speech to indirect speech. The pronouns, verb tenses, and reporting verbs have been changed to fit the indirect speech context. Pay attention to the changes made when converting from direct to indirect speech.
I hope this tabular form helps you understand the process of changing from direct speech to indirect speech more clearly.
Explanation of the changes that take place when converting from direct speech to indirect speech
Explanation of the changes that take place when converting from direct speech to indirect speech:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
|---|---|
| Present tense verb | Past tense verb |
| “I love ice cream.” | She said that she loved ice cream. |
| “I will visit my grandmother tomorrow.” | He said that he would visit his grandmother the next day. |
| “Can you help me with my homework?” | She asked if I could help her with her homework. |
| “I have finished my work.” | He said that he had finished his work. |
| “I don’t like this movie.” | She said that she didn’t like that movie. |
|---|---|
| First-person pronouns | Third-person pronouns |
| “We are going to the park.” | They said that they were going to the park. |
| “Please close the door.” | He requested to please close the door. |
| “I am going to the store.” | She mentioned that she was going to the store. |
| “I want to be a doctor.” | He expressed his desire to become a doctor. |
| “I can’t attend the party.” | She said that she couldn’t attend the party. |
In the table, the first column represents the direct speech, and the second column represents the indirect speech. The changes that occur when converting from direct speech to indirect speech are highlighted.
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- Verb Tense: Present tense verbs in direct speech are typically changed to past tense verbs in indirect speech to reflect the shift in time.
- Pronouns: First-person pronouns in direct speech (I, we) are changed to third-person pronouns (she, he, they) in indirect speech.
- Reporting Verb: The reporting verb (e.g., said, asked, mentioned) is used to introduce the indirect speech.
By understanding these changes, you can effectively convert sentences from direct speech to indirect speech while maintaining grammatical accuracy and conveying the meaning of the original statement.
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What changes happen to Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Reporting verbs and Adverbs when converting from direct speech to indirect speech?
When converting from direct speech to indirect speech, several changes occur to nouns, pronouns, verbs, reporting verbs, and adverbs. Here’s a breakdown of the changes that take place:
- Nouns:
- Proper nouns usually remain the same in indirect speech. For example, “John said, ‘I am going to the party'” becomes “John said that he was going to the party.”
- Common nouns remain unchanged unless there is a change in the perspective of the speaker. For example, “She said, ‘I like this book'” becomes “She said that she liked that book.”
- Pronouns:
- Pronouns change according to the perspective of the speaker. Here are some general changes:
- First-person pronouns (I, we) usually change to third-person pronouns (he, she, they). For example, “He said, ‘I am happy'” becomes “He said that he was happy.”
- Second-person pronouns (you) can change to third-person pronouns (he, she, they) or can remain the same, depending on the context. For example, “She said, ‘You should come to the party'” can become “She said that he/she/they should come to the party” or “She said, ‘You should come to the party.'”
- Third-person pronouns (he, she, they) remain the same unless there is a change in perspective or context.
- Pronouns change according to the perspective of the speaker. Here are some general changes:
- Verbs:
- Verb tenses often change from present tense in direct speech to past tense in indirect speech. For example, “She said, ‘I am reading a book'” becomes “She said that she was reading a book.”
- Modal verbs (can, could, may, might, must, should, etc.) usually change according to the context. For example, “He said, ‘I can help you'” becomes “He said that he could help me.”
- Other verb forms, such as gerunds (-ing form), infinitives (to + base form), and and past participles, can also change according to the context.
- Reporting Verbs:
- Reporting verbs (said, told, asked, mentioned, etc.) are used to introduce the indirect speech. These verbs may change based on the context, tense, and reporting structure. For example, “He said, ‘I will come tomorrow'” becomes “He mentioned that he would come the next day.”
- Adverbs:
- Adverbs of time, place, and manner often change to fit the new context. For example, “She said, ‘I will meet you here'” becomes “She said that she would meet me there.”
- Adverbs of time can change to reflect the shift in time between direct and indirect speech. For example, “He said, ‘I saw her yesterday'” becomes “He said that he had seen her the previous day.”
Remember, these changes may vary depending on the specific sentence and context. It’s essential to consider the context, tense, and reporting structure when converting from direct speech to indirect speech.
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Evaluation
- Sarah said, “_____ to the party tonight?” (a) Can you come (b) Can you came (c) Could you come
- “Please tell him _____ my message,” requested Lisa. (a) to give (b) giving (c) to giving
- “I saw a beautiful rainbow,” exclaimed Alex, “_____ amazing sight!” (a) It was an (b) It is an (c) It is a
- “We are going to the beach _____,” they said. (a) today (b) yesterday (c) tomorrow
- “I will finish my homework _____,” said Tom. (a) now (b) then (c) later
- “Don’t forget to water the plants _____,” reminded Mom. (a) yesterday (b) today (c) tomorrow
- “I have never been to Paris _____,” she said. (a) last year (b) next week (c) before
- “_____ to the store,” she said. (a) I go (b) I went (c) I am going
- “Can you please close the window _____?” asked John. (a) now (b) then (c) yesterday
- “I won’t be able to attend the meeting _____,” he said. (a) tomorrow (b) yesterday (c) today
- “She said, ‘_____ going to the party.'” (a) I’m (b) She’s (c) They’re
- “He asked, ‘Can _____ help me with my homework?'” (a) I (b) you (c) they
- “They exclaimed, ‘_____ a fantastic day!'” (a) It’s (b) It was (c) It will be
- “She said, ‘I saw him _____.'” (a) yesterday (b) today (c) tomorrow
- “He said, ‘I will finish the project _____.'” (a) now (b) later (c) never
- “She reminded me, ‘Don’t forget _____ the meeting.'” (a) yesterday (b) today (c) tomorrow
- “He said, ‘I have been to London _____.'” (a) last year (b) next week (c) in the future
- “She said, ‘I _____ to the store.'” (a) go (b) went (c) am going
- “He asked, ‘Can you _____ close the window?'” (a) now (b) then (c) yesterday
- “She said, ‘I won’t be able to attend the meeting _____.'” (a) tomorrow (b) yesterday (c) today
Remember to choose the correct option (a), (b), or (c) that best fits the context of direct and indirect speech. These questions will help you practice your understanding of converting direct speech to indirect speech and the necessary changes that need to be made.
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Lesson Plan Presentation
Teacher’s Activities:
- Introduction: a. Greet the students and briefly revise the previous lesson. b. Introduce the topic of direct and indirect speech, explaining its importance in effective communication. c. Share the learning objectives for the lesson.
- Presentation:
- Present the definition of direct speech and indirect speech.
- Provide examples of direct speech and ask students to identify them.
- Explain the changes that occur when converting from direct speech to indirect speech, emphasizing noun, pronoun, verb, reporting verb, and adverb modifications.
- Use visual aids, such as charts and diagrams, to illustrate the changes.
- Guided Practice:
- Provide handouts with examples of direct speech and ask students to convert them into indirect speech individually.
- Monitor students’ progress and provide assistance as needed.
- Review the converted sentences as a whole class, discussing the changes made.
- Independent Practice:
- Distribute worksheets for additional practice.
- Encourage students to work independently to convert sentences from direct speech to indirect speech.
- Provide support and guidance as required.
- Learners’ Activities:
- Students will actively participate in class discussions and ask questions for clarification.
- Students will work individually and in groups to convert sentences from direct speech to indirect speech.
- Students will engage in peer collaboration to check and correct their conversions.
- Students will complete worksheets and submit them for assessment.
- Assessment:
- Formative Assessment: a. Monitor students’ participation during class discussions and activities. b. Check students’ worksheets and provide feedback. c. Observe students’ ability to apply the changes when converting direct speech to indirect speech.
- Summative Assessment: a. Evaluate students’ understanding through a written assessment at the end of the lesson. b. Assess their ability to convert direct speech into indirect speech accurately and apply the necessary changes
- Evaluation Questions:
- What is the difference between direct speech and indirect speech?
- How do we indicate direct speech in writing?
- What changes occur to verbs when converting from direct speech to indirect speech?
- Give an example of a reporting verb used in indirect speech.
- Convert the sentence: “I am going to the park” into indirect speech.
- Change the sentence: “She said, ‘I like ice cream'” into indirect speech.
- What changes occur to pronouns in indirect speech?
- Convert the sentence: “They exclaimed, ‘It’s a beautiful day!'” into indirect speech.
- Give an example of an adverb that might change in indirect speech.
- Convert the sentence: “He said, ‘I will finish the project
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Conclusion:
- Recap the main points covered in the lesson, emphasizing the changes that occur when converting from direct speech to indirect speech.
- Remind students of the importance of using indirect speech to report what someone has said accurately.
- Address any remaining questions or concerns from students.
- Provide feedback on students’ performance during the lesson
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By the end of this lesson, students should have a solid understanding of direct and indirect speech, be able to identify the changes that occur in nouns, pronouns, verbs, reporting verbs, and adverbs when converting from direct speech to indirect speech, and apply these changes in practice. Encourage students to continue practicing and applying these skills in their writing and communication.
Note: The duration of this lesson may vary based on the specific teaching context and the pace of the students. It is recommended to adjust the time allocation for each section accordingly.
