FORMAL AND INFORMAL LETTERS, Adverbs and Adverbials
Subject:
ENGLISH STUDIES
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Term:
FIRST TERM
Week:
WEEK 5
Class:
SS 3
Topic:
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Previous lesson:
The pupils have previous knowledge of
that was taught as a topic in the previous lesson
Behavioural objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to
- say the meaning of FORMAL AND INFORMAL LETTERS
- give examples of various Adverbs and Adverbials
Instructional Materials:
- Wall charts
- Pictures
- Related Online Video
- Flash Cards
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Methods of Teaching:
- Class Discussion
- Group Discussion
- Asking Questions
- Explanation
- Role Modelling
- Role Delegation
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Reference Materials:
- Scheme of Work
- Online Information
- Textbooks
- Workbooks
Content:
WEEK FIVE
TOPIC
FORMAL AND INFORMAL LETTERS
A Formal letter: Formal letters are letters we write to people in their official positions. These people are normally those we do not know personally, who hold official positions in establishments, schools, business houses, etc. Even when we know them personally, the rule demands that we still write them impersonal or official letters.
Formal letters can be in the form of applications for admission or employment, requests for casual leave by staff in offices, official queries and replies to them, letters by students to the heads of their schools, letters to local government chairman asking for amenities for local communities and other such topics.
In writing formal letters, we usually begin by addressing the person with their title and their name. We then go on to give a brief introduction about ourselves, about the reason for the letter, and give our purpose for writing. We end the letter with a brief summary of what we have written in the letter and then conclude with a proper ending. Some of the words we may use to end formal letters are ‘yours sincerely’, ‘your faithfully’, and ‘sincerely yours’.
Features of a formal letter
1. Writer’s address and date
2. Receiver’s address
3. Salutation
4. Heading or topic
5. Body of the letter
6. Complimentary close
Format of a formal letter
3, Fredrick Close,
Martins Avenue
Lagos.
16th July, 2010
The Commissioner,
Ministry of Education,
Lagos
Dear Sir,
Expansion Programme for Baptist College
Body
Yours faithfully,
(Signature)
John Silas
EVALUATION
Write a letter to the Minister of works in your country complaining about the deplorable condition of the roads in your area and the effects this has on the lives of your people.
B. Informal Letters: Informal letters are private or personal letters. They are letters we write to people who are very familiar to us such as our parents, relatives, friends, classmates and other people with whom we have close relationship.
Informal letters are typically written to express a personal need or opinion, to update someone on your life, or to simply stay in touch. They can be written to express gratitude, share good news, or simply to let someone know you are thinking of them.
Features of an Informal letter
1. Writer’s address and date.
2. Salutation
3. Introduction
4. Body of the letter
5. Complimentary close.
Format of an informal letter.
5, Biodun Street,
Alakuko,
Lagos,
16th July, 2010.
Dear Eunice,
Body
Yours sincerely,
Bukky.
EVALUATION
‘You have been staying with your elder brother for some time and a misunderstanding has ensued. Write a letter to your father giving at least, three reasons why you feel you can no longer live with your brother.
Dear Father,
I am writing to let you know that I have been staying with my brother for some time now and a recent disagreement has made it clear that I can no longer live with him.
There are several reasons for this, but the main ones are his rude and aggressive behavior, his unwillingness to share resources and space in the house, and his poor treatment of our family pets.
I hope that you can understand my situation and help me find a way to move out of my brother’s house as soon as possible.
Sincerely,
BOLUJO
Topic: Summary : Novel Extract.
The summary passage is an extract from the novel titled
‘The victims’ by I. Okpewho. In the passage, a woman named Nwabunor went to visit a soothsayer in order to overcome a challenge. The soothsayer told her what the gods demanded but she pleaded for the items to be reduced. In response, the soothsayer informed her that the dangers threatening her life and that of her son were too great. She was likely to lose her son if she failed to provide what the gods asked for.
Despite this, Nwabunor remained resolute and decided to sacrifice her son in order to protect him from the challenges he was facing. However, in a surprising turn of events, her son mysteriously disappeared before she could follow through with the sacrifice. In light of this, Nwabunor was left with no other choice but to provide the items in order to regain her son.
Overall, this passage serves as a powerful example of the lengths that desperate individuals will go to protect their loved ones from harm. It also highlights the dangers associated with challenging fate through the use of black magic and other dark practices.
EVALUATION
Questions, Page 54.
Topic:
Adverbs and Adverbials
An adverb is used to describe the action of a verb such as how, where or when it is done. Adverbials are groups of words that act as adverbs but do not necessarily contain an adverb. They can be phrases, clauses or single words.
Examples: He frowned angrily.
The eclipse will occur soon.
The main function of adverbs and adverbial phrases is to modify verbs. They also modify adjectives, other adverbs and prepositional phrases. They can be used to indicate degree, manner, place and time.
There are several different types of adverbs and adverbial phrases, including adverbs of degree, adverbs of frequency, adverbs of manner, and time and place modifiers. Each type serves a particular purpose and can help to convey meaning in a sentence or phrase more clearly.
Functions of Adverbs and Adverbials.
1. Modifier of verb
Mary solved the problem quickly.
John visited Musa at Kebbi
2. Modifier of adjective.
Peter is very tall
James is far more handsome than Silas.
3. Modifier of another adverb.
Bunmi runs extremely fast.
He works hard enough to pass his exams.
4. Modifier of prepositional phrase
The girl slapped Tom right in the face
We are quite on time for the party.
5. Modifier of noun or pronoun
She has a sharp mind
John’s brother is the most intelligent in the family.
6. Modifier of clause
If you leave now, you will be too late for the meeting.
The student who studies the most always does well in school.
7. Modifier of verb group (complement)
The film seems long to me.
I consider him the best candidate for the job.
8. Modifier of sentence
I am worried about you.
The book is worth reading.
9. Modifier in comparative clause
The river runs slower than it used to.
He seems more friendly now than before.
Adverbs and adverbial phrases play an important role in helping to convey meaning in sentences and can help to clarify the action or state being described. Understanding the different types and functions of adverbs and adverbial phrases is essential for accurate and effective use in writing and speech.
EVALUATION
Exercise, Question 1, Page 214
Countdown to English.
READING ASSIGNMENT
Consonant Clusters
GENERAL EVALUATION
Comprehension
The Dynasty of Ketu
The Dynasty of Ketu is an epic narrative that tells the story of the rise and fall of the powerful Ketu dynasty in medieval Africa. The story centers on the exploits of Amara, a young prince who must confront a conspiracy that threatens to destroy his kingdom and family.
Comprehension
The story is fast-paced and engaging, with well-developed characters and plot twists that keep the reader guessing. The author also does a good job of portraying the complex political and social dynamics of medieval Africa, providing historical context for the events in the story. Overall, The Dynasty of Ketu is an excellent read that will appeal to lovers of epic fantasy, adventure, and historical fiction.
Evaluation
1. What two sources of information about the names of kings of ketu are mentioned in the text?
2. What inducement was there for the herald to remember accurately and fluently the names of past Alaketus?
Structure
State the grammatical functions of the underlined expressions.
3. He left the letter where it could be easily seen.
4. Because he was wrong, he apologised.
5. In order that he might secure a seat, he arrived at the stadium.
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Revision and Tests Part 1, Page 60, Effective English.
Exercise, Question 2, Page 214, Countdown to English.
