October 24, 2019
WEEK 3 DATE:…………………………………… SUBJECT: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE. CLASS: JS 1 TOPIC: TYPES OF AGRICULTURE.
WEEK 3
DATE:……………………………………
SUBJECT: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE.
CLASS: JS 1
TOPIC: TYPES OF AGRICULTURE.
Sub–Topic
1: Types of Agriculture
1: Types of Agriculture
There
are two types of agriculture. They include:
are two types of agriculture. They include:
•
Subsistence Agriculture
Subsistence Agriculture
•
Commercial Agriculture.
Commercial Agriculture.
SUBSISTENCE
AGRICULTURE:
AGRICULTURE:
This is the type of agriculture
whereby a farmer produces food enough to feed himself and his family, with
little or more for sale. Whatever he sells serves as income to the family.
whereby a farmer produces food enough to feed himself and his family, with
little or more for sale. Whatever he sells serves as income to the family.
Characteristics of Subsistence Agriculture
•
Produces purposely for family consumption.
Produces purposely for family consumption.
•
Small land is used for production
Small land is used for production
•
Farmer and his family members do the
labour.
Farmer and his family members do the
labour.
•
Simple farm tools like hoe, cutlass,
spade, rake etc. are used.
Simple farm tools like hoe, cutlass,
spade, rake etc. are used.
•
Many crops are planted on the same
plot. e.g. maize, melon, yam, vegetables. In other words, he practices mixed
cropping system.
Many crops are planted on the same
plot. e.g. maize, melon, yam, vegetables. In other words, he practices mixed
cropping system.
•
Fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides
are not used commonly.
Fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides
are not used commonly.
•
Usually owned by peasant farmers.
Usually owned by peasant farmers.
•
No specialization on any particular
crop.
No specialization on any particular
crop.
•
Small capital is needed by the
farmer.
Small capital is needed by the
farmer.
Commercial
Agriculture
Agriculture
This is the type of agriculture
whereby a farmer produces purposely for sale. His desire is to make maximum
profit. It is therefore a profit-oriented venture/enterprise.
whereby a farmer produces purposely for sale. His desire is to make maximum
profit. It is therefore a profit-oriented venture/enterprise.
Characteristics
of Commercial Agriculture
of Commercial Agriculture
•
Produce purposely for sale to make
maximum profit.
Produce purposely for sale to make
maximum profit.
•
Large area of land is used as a
result large-scale production is made.
Large area of land is used as a
result large-scale production is made.
•
Hired and skilled workers are used
for labour.
Hired and skilled workers are used
for labour.
•
Modern farm, implements are used.
Modern farm, implements are used.
•
Mono-cropping system is usually
practiced e.g. only maize or rice because of the use of farm machines in farm
operation.
Mono-cropping system is usually
practiced e.g. only maize or rice because of the use of farm machines in farm
operation.
•
Fertilizers, herbicides pesticides
and many other chemicals are used
Fertilizers, herbicides pesticides
and many other chemicals are used
•
It is usually owned government or
limited companies.
It is usually owned government or
limited companies.
•
It leads to specialization on
certain types of crops.
It leads to specialization on
certain types of crops.
•
Large capital is involved.
Large capital is involved.
EVALUATION
·
Define Subsistence Agriculture
Define Subsistence Agriculture
·
List (4) four characteristics of
subsistence agriculture.
List (4) four characteristics of
subsistence agriculture.
·
Define commercial agriculture.
Define commercial agriculture.
·
List the characteristics of
commercial agriculture.
List the characteristics of
commercial agriculture.
Sub
– Topic 2: Difference between Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture.
– Topic 2: Difference between Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture.
|
SUBSISTENCE
AGRICULTURE |
COMMERCIAL
AGRICULTURE |
|
•
Produces purposely for family consumption
•
Small land is required for production
•
Simple farm tools e.g. cutlass, hoe, axe, spade, rake, watering can etc.
•
Many crops are planted on the same plot (mixed cropping system) which does not encourage mechanization Family labour is used
.
Small capital is involved
•
It is own by peasant farmers
•
Fertilizers, chemicals e.g. herbicides, pesticides are not often used. |
•
Produces purposely for sale to make profit
•
Large area of land is required for production
•
Modern farm machinery e.g. Bulldozer, tractors, planters, combined harvesters, air craft etc.
•
Only one crop is planted on same land which encourages mechanization
•
Hired and skilled workers are used for labour
•
Large capital is involved
•
Own by Governments or Limited Companies.
•
Herbicides, Pesticides and many other chemicals are used. |
EVALUATION
•
State five differences between
subsistence agriculture and commercial agriculture.
State five differences between
subsistence agriculture and commercial agriculture.
Weekend
Assignment
Assignment
Junior secondary Agriculture
(workbook 1)byAnthony.Youdeowei et-al pages 3 & 4
(workbook 1)byAnthony.Youdeowei et-al pages 3 & 4
Pre-reading
Assignment
Assignment
Read the forms of agriculture using
Junior secondary Agriculture, book1
Junior secondary Agriculture, book1
REFERENCE
TEXTS:
TEXTS:
•
Intensive Agricultural Science for
J.S.S. 1, 2 & 3 by E. U. Okoro.
Intensive Agricultural Science for
J.S.S. 1, 2 & 3 by E. U. Okoro.
•
Essentials of Agricultural Science
for J.S.S. & Colleges by Earnest ChukwudiAnie.
Essentials of Agricultural Science
for J.S.S. & Colleges by Earnest ChukwudiAnie.
•
Agricultural Science for JSS (Upper
Basic Education) by L. A. Are et al.
Agricultural Science for JSS (Upper
Basic Education) by L. A. Are et al.
•
Prescribed Agricultural Science for
J.S.S. by S. E. Omoruyi et al.
Prescribed Agricultural Science for
J.S.S. by S. E. Omoruyi et al.
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