JSS 1 FIRST TERM LESSON NOTE MUSIC
MUSIC HANDOUT
FOR
J S S 1
OLUYEMI G. JOSEPH
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WEEK ONE.
LEANING THE NATIONAL AND SCHOOL ANTHEM
First stanzer second stanzer
Arise O! compatriots Nigeria’s call obey Oh God of creation direct our noble
To serve our fatherland Guide our leaders right
With love and strength and faith Help our youth the truth to know
The labour of our heroes past In love and honesty to grow
Shall never be in vain and living just and true
To serve with heart and might Great lofty heights attain
One Nation bound in freedom To build a nation where peace
Peace and unity and justice shall reign
Solfa Notes
s : d : s : d : m : s : – : m : f : m : r : r : d : – :
- s. d : s : d : m : s : m .m.f: m : r : r : d : – :
r : r : . m . f : r : m : . f . s
s : l : s : f : m : r : – : d : s : . s . s : m : l : – :
r : r : . m : f : r : l : – s : – f : m : r : r : d : – :
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WEEK TWO
SOUND ,CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY
DEFINITION OF SOUND :
The early man learnt about nature by what he saw around him; the singing of birds, sound of brooks and water falls, the loud sound from thunder, the sighing of wind through reeds of grasses and leaves, and the cries of animals to mention a few.
However, Sound is a vibration of an object.
TYPES OF SOUND.
There basically two(2) types of sound namely:
- Musical sound: this has to do with music, any sound produced musically is musical sound and can also known as Regular sound. Examples are singing, clapping and drumming.
- Non-musical sound : this type of sound has been said to be noise and not musical. It is generally called irregular sound.
QUALITIES OF SOUND
The quality of a person are those things that would distinguish him from other person. Some of the qualities of a person may be :height, complexion and size.
There are also qualities that distinguish music from other sounds:
- Pitch (b) Duration (c) Intensity (d) Tone Colour
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Pitch is the degree of highness or lowness that we hear in a sound.
Duration is the length of time for which a sound lasts. It could be short or long.
Intensity (dynamics) is the degree of loudness or softness of sounds. Loudness is related to the amplitude of the vibration that produces the sound e.g the harder a drum is struck, the louder the sound, or the harder the key of a piano is struck, the louder the is its sound.
Tone Colour is the quality that distinguishes the sound of instrument from one another. the sound of violin is different from that of human voice, or flute from the piano even when they are playing the same tone at the same dynamic level.
Exercises
- Define Pitch . …………………………………………………………………………………………….
- Explain the difference between Duration and Tone color
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WEEK THREE
DEFINITION , IMPORTANCE AND TYPES OF MUSIC
From the foregoing we can now define music. The ordinary man in the street will tell you that music is singing, dancing and playing instrument. But, what really is music?
- Music may be defined as the combination of sounds in a manner pleasing or sweet to the ear.
- Music may also be defined therefore as an organized sound in time.
- Thirdly, music may be defined as the combination of Rhythmic and harmonious sounds which is appreciated by our sense of hearing.
IMPORTANCE OF MUSIC
Music is very important to man, and particularly to Africans. Music permeates African life; it is used for entertainment, at plays, religious ceremonies,
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etc. Music is also used in recounting history. In Africa, music is also a social activity in which almost everyone participates.
Music is important for the following reason
- It makes us happy. It turn our sorrowful situation into a happy one.
- It is used for relaxation. When we are tensed up, it can relieve nerve tension and restore a fatigued mind.
- It is used in Wartime (tribal war)
- Music is used for advertisement on the radio and television.
- It serves as a means of worship God or whatever we believe in
- It is used to educate the society, some song tells us ways of doing things
- Music is used to entertain people.
- Music make baby to sleep. (lullaby)
TYPES OF MUSIC
Folk Music : is the music that is passed from one generation to the other, the original composers are not known e.g moonlight/game song, war songs, work songs, traditional festival songs.
Sacred Music : this is a religious music. Any music used in worshiping God or whatever we believe in.
Secular Music : this is the type of music used in praising ourselves, or entertaining.
Popular Music :this is the type of music used today by our musicians for entertainment, e.g juju music, Apala, Afro beat, high life, Fuji music. hip hop.
Art Music : this is compositions of trained composers like akin-Euba , Fela sowande.
MUSIC JSS 2 SECOND TERM EXAMINATION
WEEK FOUR
THE MUSICAL STAFF, CLEF AND CLEF SIGNS
The Staff
The musical staff consists of five(5) horizontal lines with four(4) equal spaces between them.
Example: _____________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
The staff is numbered from the bottom upward.
Clef: A clef is a musical sign which fixes the position of a note on the staff and hence the positions of all other notes as well.
Clef Signs : there are four (4) clef signs used in music namely : treble , alto tenor and the bass clef sign. However, the two commonly used clef signs in music are treble and bass clef.
The Treble Clef : The Treble Clef circle round the second line of the staff and fixes that line as G. Thus the Treble Clef is also known as G clef. The treble clef is used for high voices and the high-pitched instrument
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The Bass Clef : The bass clef circle round the fourth line of the staff and fixes that line as F. thus bass clef is also known as F clef. The bass clef is used for the lower voices and the low-pitched instruments.
Exercise : (i) draw Ten Treble clefs
(ii) Draw Ten Bass clefs
WEEK FIVE
NAMING THE STAFF
The lines and spaces are named after seven letters of the English alphabet – A, B, C, D, E, F, G.
When one letter name is given to a line the next space acquires the next letter name. For example if the line is given A. the first space will be B, and so on
The Treble/G Clef –The treble clef is also called G clef and it is written as
It is called G clef because its lower loop encircles the second line of the staff and this line automatically become G whenever this clef is present.
By fixing the second line of the staff as G, names of the other lines and spaces are determined. Since the second line is G, the space above it becomes A, the line above it becomes B and so on.
Example : Treble /G Clef
Lines
F
D
B
G
E
Spaces
E
C
A
F
Combining the lines and Spaces, we have
F
E
D
C
B
A
G
F
E
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In order to remember the names, you can learn the names of the lines and spaces separately
e.g Lines
E- every G – good B – boys D – deserve F – Fanta
Spaces
F –father A – Abraham C – cooks E -egg
Bass / F Clef Lines
A
F
D
B
G
SPACES
A
F
D
B
G
Combining the lines and spaces, we have
A
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
G
In order to remember the names, you can learn the names of the lines and spaces separately
e.g Lines
G – good B – boys D – deserve F – Fanta A – always
Spaces
A – all C – cow E – eat G – grass
WEEK SIX
THE GRAND/GREAT STAVE
In lesson 4 and 5, we learnt about staff , clef signs and the letter names of the lines and spaces. Here we will be learning the combination of the two staffs together which is known as the Graet stave.
The Grand/Great stave is the combination of the Treble staff and the bass staff with the middle C in between
Example
F
E
D
C
B
A
G
F
E
A
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
G
WEEK SEVEN
LIFE AND WORKS OF W.A MOZART AND DAYO DEDEKE
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART.
Mozart was born in 1756 in Salzburg, Austria. His father Leopold was a recognized violinist and composer in the court of the archbishop. His father was quick to realize and capitalize on his extraordinary musical talent; under his father’s teaching he showed remarkable mastery of the piano than the violin. By the time Mozart was five, he had composed his first pieces and at the age of six he had started performing.
Mozart traveled to so many places including Paris, London and Munich. At the age of thirteen, he had written concertos, symphonic and comic opera.
In 1729, he met Haydn in Vienna where he permanently settled and each admired the other.
In 1782, he married Contanze Weber, Aloysia sister.
Mozart continued to earn his living by giving music lessons, concerts, composing operas, symphonies and concertos. He stands out among composers; his music has clearness and simplicity and was known as a child prodigy.
HIS MUSIC :
Mozart composed over 600 works, some of them are:
. The marriage of Figaro * The Magic flute
- Don Giovanni * A little night music
- Jupiter
JSS 3 FIRST TERM LESSON NOTE MUSIC
DAYO DEDEKE
Dayo Dedeke was trained at Trinity College of music London. He contributed a lot in the field of music. He made a collection of Yoruba folk songs and his own songs, and wrote a piano accompaniment to some of them. He wrote both sacred and secular music. Dayo is a church music composer and an arranger.
His music
- Ma gbagbe Ile
WEEK EIGHT
CLASSIFICATION OF AFRICAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Drumming plays important role in Nigerian music. The Nigerian musical instrument are many and can be classified into families on the basis of the method by which their sounds are produced.
Some of the Nigerian musical instruments namely are :
Agidigbo molo Ekwe
Agogo/gong Goje Kaho
Sekere kudi wooden clapper
Gudugudu omele-ako
Dundun Omele-abo
Kakaki Ngelenge
Shantu Udu
The four families of the Nigerian musical instruments are :
- Idiophone – Aerophone – Chordophone – Membraphone
Idiophone : instruments in this group produce sound by the vibration of their body, when they are struck, shaken. They are commonly used musical instruments in Nigeria and very easy to play
Examples : sekere, gong , Xylophone , Ekwe , pot drum, wooden clapper, Agidigbo
Aerophone : These are the instruments that can be played when air is blown in them. They are of three types : Horn , Trumpet and Flute.
Examples : kakaki , Oja, Algaita , Etsu , Farai , Upe (from Ondo)
Chordophone : This group of instrument produces sound by the vibration of a stretched string. The string can be plucked , bowed or struck.
Examples : Goje , molo, Gurumi, Gwari
Membranophone : These are the group of instruments made from Animal skin. The skin is used to cover the end or both ends of the hallowed wood. The skin are held with small pegs, which are used to tune the drum.
Examples : Dundun, tomtom, batakoto, Omele , gudugudu, adamo
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WEEK NINE
THE ITALIAN OR MUSICAL TERMS
Musical terms are the vocabularies used in music, they can either written fully or abbreviated. These musical terms are also referred to as Italian terms, since the origin of music can be traced to Rome. These musical terms and signs are used by composer to indicate the manner they wanted their music performed. Students should learn these musical terms, signs and abbreviation so as to help them read and interpret music effectively.
Terms Meaning
Accelerando Gradually becoming faster
Adagio Slow
Allegro quick / fast
Da From
Da capo(DC From the beginning
Dolce Sweetly
Fine End
Forte ( f ) Loud
Fortissimo ( ff ) Very loud
Mezzo forte (mf) moderately loud
Piano (p) Soft
Pianissimo (pp) Very soft
Mezzo piano (mp) moderately soft
Legato smoothly
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