PRIMARY 6 THIRD TERM LESSON NOTE BASIC TECHNOLOGY
Revision and Welcome Test
1. The __________ is a device that processes data and performs calculations.
a) keyboard
b) monitor
c) printer
d) computer
2. The main purpose of a __________ is to store and organize files and data.
a) keyboard
b) hard drive
c) printer
d) monitor
3. A __________ is an input device that allows you to move the cursor on the screen.
a) mouse
b) printer
c) scanner
d) speaker
4. A __________ is an output device that displays text, images, and videos.
a) mouse
b) printer
c) monitor
d) keyboard
5. The __________ is a network of computers that is accessible to the public.
a) internet
b) printer
c) scanner
d) keyboard
6. The __________ is a device that connects multiple computers in a network.
a) router
b) scanner
c) keyboard
d) printer
7. __________ is a programming language used to create websites and web applications.
a) HTML
b) Excel
c) Photoshop
d) Word
8. A __________ is a graphical representation of data, often used to show trends or patterns.
a) spreadsheet
b) graph
c) database
d) formula
9. A __________ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a specific task.
a) software
b) hardware
c) keyboard
d) mouse
10. The __________ is a storage device that uses flash memory to store data.
a) USB drive
b) hard drive
c) printer
d) scanner
11. A __________ is a device that converts printed text and images into digital format.
a) scanner
b) printer
c) keyboard
d) monitor
12. A __________ is a small electronic device that performs basic mathematical calculations.
a) calculator
b) scanner
c) keyboard
d) mouse
13. The __________ is a device that allows you to hear sound from the computer.
a) speaker
b) printer
c) scanner
d) monitor
14. The __________ is a software program that protects your computer from viruses and malware.
a) antivirus
b) browser
c) spreadsheet
d) database
15. A __________ is a small program designed to perform a specific task.
a) application
b) monitor
c) printer
d) keyboard
THEME 3: YOU AND TECHNOLOGY
1. Unit I Safety – Meaning of Safety – Meaning of accident – Causes of accident – Methods of preventing accident – Safety Devices
– First Aid box (items in first aid box)
YOU AND ENERGY
2. Unit II Simple Machines – Definitions of simple machine – Levers (Meaning) – Example of Lever – Parts of Lever – Uses of Lever
3. Unit III Pulleys (Meaning) – Examples of pulley – Types of pulley – Application of pulley
4. Unit IV Inclined planes (Meaning) – Examples of inclined planes – Advantages of inclined planes
5. Unit V Forces – Meaning of force – Examples of force
– Types of force – Effects of force
6. Unit VI Frictional force – Meaning of friction – Effects of friction – Advantages and disadvantages of friction – Reducing friction
7. Unit VII Magnetism – Meaning of Magnet – Properties of Magnet – Uses of Magnet – Making Magnets
8 & 9. Unit Revision of 1st Term’s work
10 & 11. Unit Revision of 2nd Term’s work
12 Unit Examination
Week: ONE
Date:
Class: Basic Six
Subject: BST
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: SAFETY AND ACCIDENTS
SUB TOPIC(s):
1. Meaning of Safety
2. Causes of Accident and Objects that Causes Accident
3. Prevention of Accident
4. Some Safety Devices
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
1. define safety;
2. state two causes of accident;
3. state some objects that causes accident;
4. Mention three prevention of accident;
5. list some safety devices.
Instructional material/Reference material: Basic Science and Technology for Primary six by P. Asun, T. Bajah et al.
Safety devices; Apron, Boots, Hand gloves, Eye shield, Reflective caution triangle
Building Background/ Connection to prior knowledge: The pupils are familiar with the topics.
INTRODUCTION
MEANING OF SAFETY
Safety means keeping yourself and others free from harm or danger. That’s being careful not to fall, bump or run into things.
MEANING OF ACCIDENT
Accidents are unplanned or unexpected events that happen to human beings. Accidents can happen everywhere, for example, in the schools, homes, roads and markets.
COMMON ACCIDENTS
1. Falling objects
2. Bruises
3. Cuts
4. Burns
5. Poisoning
6. Drowning
7. Choking
8. Electric Shock
CAUSES OF ACCIDENT
At home
1. Running or playing football on a slippery floor.
2. A leaking gas cylinder.
3. Children playing with matches.
4. Use of naked light near a petrol container.
5. Careless use of boiling rings.
6. Leaving water taps open when there is no water.
In the school
1. Slippery football field.
2. Use of naked electric wire in laboratories and classrooms.
3. Failure to keep the school premises clean and tidy.
OBJECTS THAT CAUSES ACCIDENT
1. Broken bottles or plastic
2. Nail
3. Knife
4. Blade
5. Broken chair or table
6. Broken glass
7. Naked wire
PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS
At home
1. Do not allow children to run around on slippery floors.
2. Help old people to climb and descend staircases.
3. Children should not operate gas cylinders.
4. Keep all medicines out of reach of children.
5. Disconnect all electrical appliances when not in use.
6. Always lock water taps when not in use.
In the school
1. Do not play on waterlogged football field.
2. Keep the school compound clean and tidy always.
3. All electrical connections in the laboratory should be done under the supervision of the science teacher.
SAFETY DEVICES
1. Fire extinguishers
2. Apron
3. Boots
4. Hand gloves
5. Eye shield or goggles
6. Caution signs
7. Seat belts
8. Road signs -zebra crossing
9. Face masks,
10. Dust masks
11. Hearing protection
Strategies & Activities
Step: Teacher revises the previous topic
Step 2:Teacher introduces the new topic.
Step 3:Teacher endeavors to explain all the points to the pupils thoroughly.
Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils’ questions.
Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.
Assessment& Evaluation
1. define safety and accident.
2. list at least three objects (each) that causes accident at home and in the school.
3. state three (3) causes of accident (each) at home and in the school.
4. list at least four (4) safety devices.
Summary: Teacher goes over the topic once again to enhance better understanding.
Wrap-up [conclusion]: Teacher corrects and marks pupils’ notes.
[mediator_tech]
1. Safety means keeping yourself and others free from __________ or danger.
a) joy
b) harm
c) sadness
d) excitement
2. Accidents are unplanned or unexpected events that happen to __________.
a) animals
b) plants
c) human beings
d) machines
3. Falling objects, bruises, cuts, and burns are examples of __________ accidents.
a) common
b) rare
c) natural
d) man-made
4. __________ is a common accident that can occur when objects drop from a height.
a) Bruising
b) Cuts
c) Falling objects
d) Poisoning
5. __________ is a common accident that can happen when a sharp object breaks the skin.
a) Poisoning
b) Drowning
c) Cuts
d) Electric shock
6. __________ is a common accident that can occur when a person inhales harmful substances.
a) Bruising
b) Choking
c) Electric shock
d) Poisoning
7. __________ is a common accident that can happen when a person is submerged in water and cannot breathe.
a) Bruising
b) Choking
c) Electric shock
d) Drowning
8. __________ is a common accident that can occur when something gets stuck in a person’s throat.
a) Bruising
b) Choking
c) Electric shock
d) Drowning
9. The causes of accidents at home include running or playing football on a __________ floor.
a) slippery
b) rough
c) dry
d) wet
10. A leaking __________ is a cause of accidents at home.
a) gas cylinder
b) water pipe
c) electrical wire
d) window
11. Children playing with __________ can cause accidents at home.
a) matches
b) toys
c) books
d) food
12. The use of naked light near a __________ container can cause accidents at home.
a) petrol
b) water
c) gas
d) food
13. Careless use of boiling __________ is a cause of accidents at home.
a) rings
b) plates
c) cups
d) spoons
14. Leaving water taps open when there is no water can cause accidents at home due to __________.
a) flooding
b) fire
c) electrical shock
d) gas leakage
15. Accidents can happen due to the __________ use of electrical appliances.
a) careful
b) responsible
c) safe
d) careless
[mediator_tech]
Week: TWO
Date:
Class: Basic Six
Subject: BST
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: LEVERS
SUB TOPIC(s):
1. Definitions of simple machine
2. Levers (Meaning)
3. Example of Lever
4. Parts of Lever
5. Uses of Lever
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
1. collect and identify simple machines;
2. identify the parts of the lever;
3. list common uses of levers.
Instructional material/Reference material: Basic Science and Technology for Primary six by P. Asun, T. Bajah et al.
Building Background/ Connection to prior knowledge: The pupils are familiar with the topics.
INTRODUCTION
A machine is a simple object which makes our work easier to do.
Many objects in the school and at home such as a pair of scissors, bottle opener and cutlass, are examples of simple machines.
In science, anything that makes us to use less energy to do much work or overcome a large force is called a machine.
Examples of simplest machines are the levers and pulleys.
MEANING OF LEVER
A lever is a simple machine that has the point of motion where effort can be made to carry a load.
EXAMPLES OF LEVER
1. Seesaw
2. Scissor
3. Crowbar
4. Hammer
5. Nut cracker
7. Pliers
8. Hockey stick
9. Wheel barrow
10. Door handle
11. Dolly
12. Hole puncher
PARTS OF LEVER
The three most important parts of a lever are:
1. Load
2. Effort
3. Fulcrum or Pivot.
Teacher’s Activities – Guides pupils to identify load, effort and fulcrum in the listed examples of levers.
USES OF LEVER
1. Seesaw is used to have fun with a friend;
2. Scissor is used for cutting;
3. Crowbar used for split something apart or take out nails;
4. Hockey stick used to play hockey;
5. Wheel barrow is used move dirt or anything else;
6. Door handle is used to get through a door;
7. Dolly it is used to move heavy boxes and freight;
8. Hole puncher it is you for making hole on belt; etc.
Teacher’s Activities – Asks pupils mention the important uses of each of the lever listed above – examples of lever.
Strategies & Activities
Step: Teacher revises the previous topic
Step 2:Teacher introduces the new topic.
Step 3:Teacher endeavors to explain all the points to the pupils thoroughly.
Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils’ questions.
Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.
Assessment& Evaluation
. Name five common levers and machines in their homes;
2. Locate the pivot (fulcrum) load and effort arms in common lever machines;
3. State five common uses of levers.
Summary: Teacher goes over the topic once again to enhance better understanding.
Wrap-up [conclusion]: Teacher corrects and marks pupils’ notes.
[mediator_tech]
1. A lever is a simple machine that has the point of motion where __________ can be made to carry a load.
a) force
b) resistance
c) effort
d) speed
2. A seesaw is an example of a __________.
a) lever
b) screw
c) pulley
d) wheel
3. A scissor is an example of a __________.
a) lever
b) screw
c) pulley
d) wheel
4. A crowbar is an example of a __________.
a) lever
b) screw
c) pulley
d) wheel
5. The point on a lever where it rotates or pivots is called the __________.
a) load
b) effort
c) fulcrum
d) pivot
6. A hammer is an example of a __________.
a) lever
b) screw
c) pulley
d) wheel
7. Pliers are an example of a __________.
a) lever
b) screw
c) pulley
d) wheel
8. A hockey stick is an example of a __________.
a) lever
b) screw
c) pulley
d) wheel
9. A wheelbarrow is an example of a __________.
a) lever
b) screw
c) pulley
d) wheel
10. The load in a lever refers to the __________.
a) effort applied
b) resistance to motion
c) point of rotation
d) weight being carried
11. The effort in a lever refers to the __________.
a) force applied
b) resistance to motion
c) point of rotation
d) weight being carried
12. The fulcrum or pivot in a lever is the __________.
a) force applied
b) resistance to motion
c) point of rotation
d) weight being carried
13. A door handle is used to __________.
a) open a door
b) close a door
c) lock a door
d) paint a door
14. A dolly is used to __________.
a) carry heavy boxes
b) cut paper
c) dig holes
d) measure distance
15. A hole puncher is used for __________.
a) making holes
b) cutting paper
c) tightening screws
d) measuring angles
[mediator_tech]
Week: THREE
Date:
Class: Basic Six
Subject: BST
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: PULLEYS
SUB TOPIC(s):
Pulleys (Meaning)
2. Examples of pulley
3. Types of pulley
4. Application of Pulleys
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
1. Recognize and identify simple pulley machines;
2. Identify and describe the different uses of pulley machines in everyday life;
3. Distinguish between fixed and movable pulleys;
4. Make and use pulley machines to do work.
Instructional material/Reference material: Basic Science and Technology for Primary six by P. Asun, T. Bajah et al.
Strings, Metal/wooden/plastic rollers, Nails, Wood , Charts showing uses of simple pulleys , Simple pulleys
Building Background/ Connection to prior knowledge: The pupils are familiar with the topic(s).
INTRODUCTION
A pulley is a wheel that has a smooth groove in its rim, with a rope passing through the groove. At times, there are loads that are too heavy to lift.
MEANING OF PULLEY
A pulley is a simple machine that is used to lift heavy objects. A simple machine for overcoming this difficulty is the pulley.
EXAMPLES OF PULLEY MACHINES
1. Flag pole
2. A sewing machine
3. Photocopy machine
4. Spring balance
5. A grinder machine
6. A modern elevator
7. A crane
TYPES OF PULLEYS
Basically, there are two (2) types of pulleys:
Single Fixed Pulley
A fixed pulley’s wheel and axle stay in one place.
A good example of a fixed pulley is a flag pole: When you pull down on the rope, the direction of force is redirected by the pulley, and you raise the flag pole.
Movable machine
A movable pulley is a pulley that is free to move up and down, and is attached to a ceiling or other object by two lengths of the same rope.
Examples of movable pulleys include construction cranes, modern elevators, and some types of weight lifting machines at the gym.
Compound pulley
A compound pulley is a combination of fixed and movable pulleys. The third type of pulley is the compound pulley, which consists of combinations of fixed and movable pulleys.
The more complex the pulley, the more the effort needed to move the object decreases.
COMMON APPLICATIONS OF PULLEY As stated in examples.
Revision and summary of the lesson.
Strategies & Activities
Step: Teacher revises the previous topic
Step 2:Teacher introduces the new topic.
Step 3:Teacher endeavors to explain all the points to the pupils thoroughly.
Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils’ questions.
Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.
Assessment& Evaluation
1. Give three examples of simple pulleys;
2. State two applications of pulley machines;
3. Differentiate between fixed and movable pulleys;
4. Construct and use pulleys.
Summary: Teacher goes over the topic once again to enhance better understanding.
Wrap-up [conclusion]: Teacher corrects and marks pupils’ notes.
[mediator_tech]
1. A pulley is a simple machine used to __________ heavy objects.
a) push
b) lift
c) drop
d) rotate
2. A flag pole is an example of a __________ machine.
a) pulley
b) lever
c) screw
d) wheel
3. A sewing machine is an example of a __________ machine.
a) pulley
b) lever
c) screw
d) wheel
4. A photocopy machine is an example of a __________ machine.
a) pulley
b) lever
c) screw
d) wheel
5. A spring balance is an example of a __________ machine.
a) pulley
b) lever
c) screw
d) wheel
6. A grinder machine is an example of a __________ machine.
a) pulley
b) lever
c) screw
d) wheel
7. A modern elevator is an example of a __________ machine.
a) pulley
b) lever
c) screw
d) wheel
8. A crane is an example of a __________ machine.
a) pulley
b) lever
c) screw
d) wheel
9. The two types of pulleys are single fixed pulley and __________ pulley.
a) movable
b) compound
c) rotating
d) stationary
10. In a fixed pulley, the wheel and axle __________.
a) rotate freely
b) move up and down
c) stay in one place
d) spin rapidly
11. A flag pole is an example of a __________ pulley.
a) fixed
b) movable
c) compound
d) rotating
12. A movable pulley is attached to a ceiling or object by __________ lengths of the same rope.
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
13. Examples of movable pulleys include construction cranes, modern elevators, and some types of __________ machines.
a) sewing
b) photocopy
c) grinding
d) weight lifting
14. A compound pulley is a combination of __________ and movable pulleys.
a) fixed
b) rotating
c) stationary
d) sliding
15. The more complex the pulley, the __________ the effort needed to move the object.
a) greater
b) lesser
c) same
d) variable
[mediator_tech]
Week: Four
Date:
Class: Basic Six
Subject: BST
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: SIMPLE MACHINES – INCLINED PLANE
SUB TOPIC(s):
1. Meaning of Pulleys and Examples of Inclined Plane
2. Construction of Inclined Planes
3. Advantages of Inclined plane
4. Note/Revision and Test
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
1. mention examples of inclined plane.
2. construct and use inclined plane to lift loads
3. state the advantages of inclined plane.
Instructional material/Reference material: Basic Science and Technology for Primary six by P. Asun, T. Bajah et al.
Wooden plank.
Charts showing, inclined plane and staircases, Cement, etc.
Building Background/ Connection to prior knowledge: The pupils are familiar with the topic(s).
INTRODUCTION
An inclined plane is a simple machine. It allows one to use less force to move an object. Examples of inclined planes are ramps, sloping roads and hills, plows, chisels, hatchets, carpenter’s planes, and wedges.
MEANING INCLINED PLANE
An inclined plane is a simple machine used to raise a load to places higher than the floor level.
EXAMPLES OF INCLINED PLANE
1. An axe
2. Wedge
3. Automatic screwdriver
4. Screw jack
5. Office chair
6. Sliding board on children playground
7. Staircase
8. Ladder
ADVANTAGES OF INCLINED PLANE
1. An axe is used to slide wood.
2. Wedge is used to cut wood.
3. Automatic screwdriver is used to screw a nut.
4. Screw jack is used to lift up a car.
5. Office chair is used for balance and position.
6. Sliding board is used by children on playground.
7. Staircase is used to one floor to another.
8. Ladder is used to access to a point on top.
Strategies & Activities
Step: Teacher revises the previous topic
Step 2:Teacher introduces the new topic.
Step 3:Teacher endeavors to explain all the points to the pupils thoroughly.
Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils’ questions.
Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.
Assessment& Evaluation
1. Mention three examples of inclined plane.
2. Construct and use inclined plane to move objects.
3. State two advantages of inclined plane.
Summary: Teacher goes over the topic once again to enhance better understanding.
Wrap-up [conclusion]: Teacher corrects and marks pupils’ notes.
1. An inclined plane is a simple machine that allows one to use less __________ to move an object.
a) energy
b) time
c) money
d) force
2. Ramps, sloping roads, and hills are examples of __________.
a) inclined planes
b) pulleys
c) levers
d) wheels
3. An axe is an example of an __________.
a) inclined plane
b) pulley
c) lever
d) wheel
4. A wedge is an example of an __________.
a) inclined plane
b) pulley
c) lever
d) wheel
5. An automatic screwdriver is an example of an __________.
a) inclined plane
b) pulley
c) lever
d) wheel
6. A screw jack is an example of an __________.
a) inclined plane
b) pulley
c) lever
d) wheel
7. An office chair is an example of an __________.
a) inclined plane
b) pulley
c) lever
d) wheel
8. A sliding board on a children’s playground is an example of an __________.
a) inclined plane
b) pulley
c) lever
d) wheel
9. A staircase is an example of an inclined plane used to move from one __________ to another.
a) floor
b) room
c) building
d) city
10. A ladder is an example of an inclined plane used to access __________.
a) underground tunnels
b) rooftops
c) basements
d) playgrounds
11. The advantage of using an axe is to __________.
a) slide wood
b) cut wood
c) hammer nails
d) polish surfaces
12. The advantage of using a wedge is to __________.
a) slide wood
b) cut wood
c) hammer nails
d) polish surfaces
13. An automatic screwdriver is used to __________.
a) slide wood
b) cut wood
c) screw a nut
d) tighten bolts
14. A screw jack is used to __________.
a) slide wood
b) cut wood
c) screw a nut
d) lift up a car
15. An office chair is used for __________ and position.
a) balance
b) relaxation
c) decoration
d) storage
[mediator_tech]
Week: FIVE
Date:
Class: Basic Six
Subject: BST
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: FORCES
SUB TOPIC(s):
1. Meaning of Force – Push and Pull
2. Types of Forces
3. Effects of Forces
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
1. explain forces as a push or pull;
2. give examples of forces – gravity, friction, magnetic, etc.;
3. demonstrate the effect of force on objects.
Instructional material/Reference material: Basic Science and Technology for Primary six by P. Asun, T. Bajah et al.
Stones and pebbles; Rough surfaces, e.g. wood; Smooth surfaces, e.g. glass; Magnets; Batteries; Pieces of foam; Springs; Rubber band.
Building Background/ Connection to prior knowledge: The pupils are familiar with the topic(s).
INTRODUCTION
In the school and at home, we see many moving things. We move about on our legs, vehicles move on roads, trains on the rails, aeroplanes fly in the sky and ships sail on the seas.
Movement occurs when a force is applied on a thing or object. That is, force causes things to move.
It can also prevent things from moving.
MEANING OF FORCE
A force is a pull or push on a object. That’s, force opposed movement or causes objects to movement. For example, car’s accelerator and break or to change direction (steering).
TYPES/EXAMPLES/ EVIDENCE OF FORCE
There are many types of forces, but only five are discussed below:
1. Muscular Force
2. Gravitational Force
3. Magnetic Force
4. Electrical Force
5. Frictional Force
DEMONSTRATING DIFFERENT TYPES OF FORCE
EFFECTS OF FORCE
A force acting on an object may cause the object:
1. to change shape and size.
2. to start moving.
3. to stop moving.
4. to accelerate or decelerate.
Strategies & Activities
Step: Teacher revises the previous topic
Step 2:Teacher introduces the new topic.
Step 3:Teacher endeavors to explain all the points to the pupils thoroughly.
Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils’ questions.
Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.
Assessment& Evaluation
1. Define force.
2. Give three examples of Force.
3. Describe the effect of force on materials.
Summary: Teacher goes over the topic once again to enhance better understanding.
Wrap-up [conclusion]: Teacher corrects and marks pupils’ notes.
[mediator_tech]
1. A force is a pull or push on an __________.
a) animal
b) object
c) idea
d) emotion
2. A force can oppose __________ or cause objects to move.
a) acceleration
b) friction
c) movement
d) gravity
3. The car’s accelerator and brakes are examples of forces used to __________.
a) change direction
b) increase speed
c) decrease speed
d) maintain speed
4. Muscular force is a type of force generated by __________.
a) gravity
b) magnets
c) electricity
d) muscles
5. Gravitational force is the force that pulls objects __________.
a) towards the sun
b) towards the center of the Earth
c) away from the Earth
d) towards the moon
6. Magnetic force is a force exerted by __________.
a) muscles
b) gravity
c) magnets
d) electricity
7. Electrical force is a force associated with the movement of __________.
a) objects
b) sound
c) light
d) electric charges
8. Frictional force is the force that opposes __________.
a) motion
b) gravity
c) magnetism
d) electricity
9. Demonstrating different types of force helps us understand their __________.
a) limitations
b) benefits
c) characteristics
d) dangers
10. A force acting on an object may cause it to change __________ and size.
a) color
b) weight
c) shape
d) temperature
11. A force can make an object __________.
a) start dancing
b) start talking
c) start moving
d) start floating
12. A force can make an object __________.
a) stop thinking
b) stop dreaming
c) stop moving
d) stop growing
13. A force can cause an object to __________.
a) accelerate
b) levitate
c) evaporate
d) vibrate
14. When a force is applied to an object, it can cause it to __________.
a) multiply
b) divide
c) accelerate
d) subtract
15. The effects of force include changes in __________.
a) energy
b) time
c) speed
d) density
[mediator_tech]
Week: SIX
Date:
Class: Basic Six
Subject: BST
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: FRICTIONAL FORCES
SUB TOPIC(s):
- Meaning of Frictional Force
- Effects of Frictional Force
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Frictional Force
- Methods of Preventing Frictional Force
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
1. Meaning of Frictional Force
2. Effects of Frictional Force
3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Frictional Force
4. Methods of Preventing Frictional Force
Instructional material/Reference material: Basic Science and Technology for Primary six by P. Asun, T. Bajah et al.
Stones and pebbles, balls bearings, matched, knife, floor, water, Vaseline, sand paper, glass, oil, soapy water.
Building Background/ Connection to prior knowledge: The pupils are familiar with the topic(s).
INTRODUCTION
To stop a moving object, a force must act in the opposite direction to the direction of motion. For instance, if you push your book across your desk, the book will move. The force of the push moves the book.
As the book slides across the desk, it slows down and stops moving. The force that opposes the motion of an object is called friction.
MEANING OF FRICTION
Friction is the force that opposes the motion of an object. Friction can slow down or stops any moving objects.
EFFECTS OF FRICTION
What effect does friction force have on motion?
1. It opposes the motion of all objects.
2. It slow down any moving objects.
3. It counteracts the acceleration of an object.
4. It prevents surfaces from sliding against each other.
5. It causes objects to accelerate.
PERIOD 2
ADVANTAGES OF FRICTION
Friction plays a vital role in our daily life. Without friction we are handicap.
1. It prevents slipping while walking.
2. It stops cars from moving.
3. We cannot fix nail in the wood or wall if there is no friction. It is friction which holds the nail.
4. A horse cannot pull a cart unless friction furnishes him a secure Foothold.
DISADVANTAGES OF FRICTION
Despite the fact that the friction is very important in our daily life, it also has some disadvantages like:
1. The main disadvantage of friction is that it produces heat in various parts of machines. In this way some useful energy is wasted as heat energy.
2. Due to friction we have to exert more power in machines.
3. It opposes the motion.
4. Due to friction, noise is also produced in machines.
5. Due to friction, engines of automobiles consume more fuel which is a money loss.
PERIOD 3
METHODS OF REDUCING FRICTION
There are a number of methods to reduce friction in which some are discussed here.
1. Use of Lubricants
The parts of machines which are moving over one another must be properly lubricated by using oils and lubricants of suitable viscosity.
2. Use of Grease
Proper greasing between the sliding parts of machine reduces the friction.
3. Use of Ball
Bearing In machines where possible, sliding friction can be replaced by rolling friction by using ball bearings.
4. Design Modification
Friction can be reduced by changing the design of fast moving objects. The front of vehicles and airplanes made oblong to minimize friction.
Strategies & Activities
Step: Teacher revises the previous topic
Step 2:Teacher introduces the new topic.
Step 3:Teacher endeavors to explain all the points to the pupils thoroughly.
Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils’ questions.
Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.
Assessment& Evaluation
1. Define friction;
2. State two instance of the application of friction in daily activities;
3. Mention two advantages and disadvantages each of friction.
Summary: Teacher goes over the topic once again to enhance better understanding.
Wrap-up [conclusion]: Teacher corrects and marks pupils’ notes.
[mediator_tech]
1. Friction is the force that opposes the __________ of an object.
a) acceleration
b) direction
c) motion
d) shape
2. Friction can __________ or stops any moving objects.
a) speed up
b) slow down
c) lift
d) rotate
3. Friction __________ the motion of all objects.
a) accelerates
b) opposes
c) creates
d) enhances
4. Friction __________ any moving objects.
a) speeds up
b) slows down
c) lifts
d) flips
5. Friction __________ the acceleration of an object.
a) counteracts
b) enhances
c) eliminates
d) creates
6. Friction __________ surfaces from sliding against each other.
a) attracts
b) repels
c) prevents
d) accelerates
7. Friction __________ objects to accelerate.
a) causes
b) prevents
c) enhances
d) reduces
8. Friction prevents slipping while __________.
a) swimming
b) flying
c) walking
d) jumping
9. Friction stops cars from __________.
a) reversing
b) slowing down
c) moving
d) crashing
10. Friction helps hold nails in __________ or walls.
a) wood
b) metal
c) glass
d) plastic
11. Friction provides a secure foothold for a __________ to pull a cart.
a) human
b) horse
c) machine
d) robot
12. The main disadvantage of friction is that it produces __________ in various parts of machines.
a) light
b) sound
c) heat
d) electricity
13. Due to friction, more __________ is exerted in machines.
a) power
b) heat
c) light
d) sound
14. Friction opposes __________.
a) motion
b) gravity
c) acceleration
d) force
15. Due to friction, engines of automobiles consume __________ fuel.
a) less
b) more
c) no
d) alternative
[mediator_tech]
Week: SEVEN
Date:
Class: Basic Six
Subject: BST
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: FRICTIONAL FORCES
SUB TOPIC(s):
. Magnet, Magnetic Materials and Non Magnetic Materials
2. Properties of Magnets
3. Uses of Magnets
4. Making Magnets
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to;
1. State the properties of magnets;
2. Group materials into magnetic and non-magnetic;
3. State common applications of magnetism;
4. Make and use magnets
Instructional material/Reference material: Basic Science and Technology for Primary six by P. Asun, T. Bajah et al.
rubber bands, paper, cork, thread, wires, wool, wooden blocks etc.
Building Background/ Connection to prior knowledge: The pupils are familiar with the topic(s).
INTRODUCTION
Magnetism is a force that can attract (pull closer) or repel (push away) objects that have a magnetic material like iron inside them (magnetic objects).
Magnets can be affected by electricity, which makes them very useful in machines and computers. Magnets are used to make a tight seal on the doors to refrigerators and freezers, etc.
MEANING OF MAGNET
A magnet is a substance which can attract iron or steel material to itself.
Magnet are made of iron or steel.
TYPES OF MAGNETS
There are two types of magnets:
1. Permanent Magnets
Permanent magnets remain magnetized even without the influence of external magnetic field, such as a horseshoe magnet.
2. Temporary Magnets
Temporary magnets may lose their magnetism when removed from the external magnetic field, such as an iron pin.
LESSON TWO – PROPERTIES OF MAGNETS
1. Magnets attract ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, nickel, and cobalt.
2. All magnets have two poles: North Pole and South Pole.
There are no magnets containing only one pole.
3. Like poles of two magnets repel each other; opposite poles of two magnets attract each other.
4. The magnetic force of a magnet is stronger at its poles than in the middle.
5. The stronger the magnets and the closer two magnets are to each other, the greater the magnetic force exerted on each other.
6. When a bar magnet is suspended by a thread freely in horizontal position, its north pole will move towards the North Pole of the earth and its south pole will move towards the South Pole of the earth. This is because the earth is a giant magnet, and its geographical north pole is its magnetic south pole, and vice versa.
USES OF MAGNETS
Magnets have their lot of applications in the daily life. The major 10 uses of the magnets are as follows:
1. They are also used to sort out the magnetic and non-magnetic substances from the scrap.
2. They are used in TV screens, computer screens, telephones and in tape recorders.
3. They are used by the candy or cold drink vendors to separate the metallic cap from the lots.
4. They are used in cranes.
5. They are also used in the speakers which can convert the electrical energy into sound energy.
6. They are used in the electrical bells.
7. They are used in the refrigerators to keep the door close.
8. The most important use of the magnet is the magnetic compass which is used to find the geographical directions.
9. They are used to construct the electrical motors and the generators which convert the electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa.
10. They are used in the Maglev trains. In the Maglev trains, the super conducting magnets are used on the tracks on which the train floats. These types of the trains are working on the repulsion force of the magnets.
MAKING A TEMPORARY MAGNETS
1. Rub the magnet against the paperclip.
2. Move it in the same direction, rather than back and forth.
3. Use the same quick motion you’d use to light a match.
4. Continue rubbing the paperclip with the magnet 50 times as quickly as you can.
Strategies & Activities
Step: Teacher revises the previous topic
Step 2:Teacher introduces the new topic.
Step3:Teacher endeavors to explain all the points to the pupils thoroughly.
Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils’ questions.
Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.
Assessment& Evaluation
1. State two of properties of a magnet;
2. Name three common appliances that use magnets;
3. Group materials into magnetic and non-magnetic materials;
4. Make temporary magnets.
Summary: Teacher goes over the topic once again to enhance better understanding.
Wrap-up [conclusion]: Teacher corrects and marks pupils’ notes.
[mediator_tech]
1. A magnet is a substance that can attract __________ or steel material to itself.
a) wood
b) plastic
c) iron
d) glass
2. Magnets are typically made of __________ or steel.
a) copper
b) aluminum
c) iron
d) plastic
3. Permanent magnets remain magnetized even without the influence of __________ magnetic field.
a) internal
b) invisible
c) external
d) electromagnetic
4. Temporary magnets may lose their magnetism when removed from the __________ magnetic field.
a) internal
b) invisible
c) external
d) electromagnetic
5. Magnets attract __________ materials such as iron, nickel, and cobalt.
a) non-magnetic
b) plastic
c) wood
d) ferromagnetic
6. All magnets have __________ poles: North Pole and South Pole.
a) three
b) two
c) four
d) one
7. Like poles of two magnets __________ each other; opposite poles of two magnets attract each other.
a) attract
b) repel
c) neutralize
d) strengthen
8. The magnetic force of a magnet is stronger at its __________ than in the middle.
a) edges
b) center
c) corners
d) surface
9. The stronger the magnets and the closer two magnets are to each other, the __________ the magnetic force exerted on each other.
a) weaker
b) same
c) greater
d) neutral
10. When a bar magnet is suspended freely in a horizontal position, its north pole will move towards the __________ Pole of the earth.
a) East
b) South
c) West
d) North
11. Magnets are used to sort out __________ and non-magnetic substances from the scrap.
a) wooden
b) metallic
c) glass
d) plastic
12. Magnets are used in __________ screens, computer screens, telephones, and tape recorders.
a) wooden
b) glass
c) TV
d) plastic
13. Magnets are used by candy or cold drink vendors to separate the metallic cap from __________.
a) the drink
b) the candy
c) the wrapper
d) the lot
14. Magnets are used in __________ to keep the door closed.
a) windows
b) cupboards
c) refrigerators
d) ovens
15. The magnetic compass is used to find __________ directions.
a) geographical
b) time
c) weather
d) magnetic
[mediator_tech]
Second Term Examination Primary 6 Basic Science And Technology
