Meaning and Properties of Air Basic Science and Technology 2nd Term Primary 6 Week 5

Subject : 

Basic Science and Technology

Term :

Second Term

Week:

Week 5

Class :

Primary 6 /  Basic 6

 

Previous lesson : 

The pupils have previous knowledge of

Water Projects

in Basic Science in their previous lesson

Topic :

Air

– Meaning of Air

– Properties of Air

– Air Pressure (Uses)

Behavioural objectives :

At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to

• define air
• say instances where air is found
• say properties of air
• define air pressure
• explain uses of air pressure

 

Instructional Materials :

• Wall charts
• Pictures
• Related Online Video
• Flash Cards

Methods of Teaching :

• Class Discussion
• Group Discussion
• Asking Questions
• Explanation
• Role Modelling
• Role Delegation

 

Reference Materials :

• Scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
• Workbook

            

CONTENT

Air is the mixture of  gases . It  is made up of gases of like argon, oxygen , nitrogen , carbon dioxide and some other trace gases hydrogen, helium , Methane, Sulfur dioxide , Ammonia etc .

Air also contains some element of water , dust particles , and some impurities .

 

Air Pressure 

Air Pressure is the strength or  power of the air . It is the ability of the air to push things in all direction . The presence of air pressure is easily noticed when air pushes pieces of paper in all direction .

Air pressure is also easily noticed when trees are forced to take a bow during heavy wind rampage or storm . Air pressure may be so violent that roofs of houses are blown off

 

 

Evident of Air Pressure in our daily lives 

• Movement of pieces of paper  that is blown by air
• Air pressure makes us to move
• Floating of balloons is made possible because of air pressure
• Air Pressure makes Aeroplane to move in the sky
• When a glass cup is filled with water and it is covered with a piece of cardboard . When the cup is turned upside down , the air pressure keep the piece of cardboard intact without falling off

 

Uses of Air Pressure 

1. Air pressure enables vehicles to move as more advanced and tubeless tyres are made to reduce friction

2. Air pressure is seen when pupils makes air bubbles with soap and the bubbles float in the air

3. Air pressure makes us to move without skidding off balance because the amount of the atmospheric air pressure around us is equivalent to the atmospheric pressure around us

4. Air aids the pollination of pollen grains as seeds are transferred from one plant to another . Air is one of the agents of pollination

5. Air pressure also support air transportation as this enables aeroplane to fly in the air without crash landing .

6. Air pressure is also useful when generating electricity when we construct windmills that is powered by air pressure to generate electricity .Air pressure makes it possible it possible to spray insecticides or chemicals .

Application of air pressure in our day to day life

1. Tire pressure: The pressure of the air inside a tire is an important factor in determining the tire’s performance. Maintaining proper tire pressure can help improve fuel efficiency, extend the life of the tire, and improve the safety of the vehicle.
2. Weather forecasting: Changes in air pressure can be used to predict weather patterns. A drop in air pressure can indicate that a storm is approaching, while a rise in air pressure can indicate fair weather.
3. Altitude sickness: At high altitudes, the air pressure is lower than at sea level. This can cause some people to experience altitude sickness, which is characterized by symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and fatigue.
4. Airplanes: The principles of air pressure are used in the design of aircraft. The shape of an airplane’s wing is designed to create lift, which is the force that keeps the plane airborne. The lift is created by the difference in air pressure on the top and bottom of the wing.
5. Blood pressure: Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the arteries. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is expressed as two numbers: systolic pressure (the pressure when the heart beats) and diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart is resting between beats).
6. Vacuum cleaners: A vacuum cleaner uses a pump to create a low pressure area inside the cleaner, which sucks up dust and debris from the floor.
7. Home appliances: Many home appliances, such as refrigerators and air conditioners, use the principles of air pressure to operate. For example, a refrigerator uses a compressor to compress a refrigerant gas, which increases the temperature and pressure of the gas. When the gas is allowed to expand, it cools down and absorbs heat from the surrounding air, cooling the inside of the refrigerator.

EVALUATION

1. Which of the following is NOT an example of how air pressure is used in our daily lives? A. Tire pressure B. Altitude sickness C. Blood pressure D. Space travel
2. How is the lift force that keeps an airplane airborne created? A. By the difference in air pressure on the top and bottom of the wing B. By the difference in air pressure on the left and right side of the wing C. By the difference in air pressure on the front and back of the wing D. By the difference in air pressure on the inside and outside of the wing
3. How does a vacuum cleaner work? A. It uses a pump to create a high pressure area inside the cleaner, which pushes dust and debris out B. It uses a pump to create a low pressure area inside the cleaner, which sucks up dust and debris C. It uses a pump to create a high pressure area outside the cleaner, which sucks up dust and debris D. It uses a pump to create a low pressure area outside the cleaner, which pushes dust and debris in
4. How is the temperature and pressure of a refrigerant gas increased in a refrigerator? A. By compressing the gas B. By expanding the gas C. By heating the gas D. By cooling the gas
5. What does a drop in air pressure indicate? A. Fair weather B. A storm approaching C. High humidity D. Low humidity
6. How is blood pressure measured? A. In millimeters of mercury (mmHg) B. In pounds per square inch (psi) C. In degrees Celsius D. In degrees Fahrenheit
7. What are the two numbers that are used to express blood pressure? A. Systolic pressure and diastolic pressure B. Systolic pressure and pulse rate C. Diastolic pressure and pulse rate D. Systolic pressure and mean arterial pressure
8. What is altitude sickness characterized by? A. Headache, dizziness, and fatigue B. Chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue C. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea D. Rash, fever, and muscle aches
9. How does maintaining proper tire pressure improve the safety of a vehicle? A. By improving fuel efficiency B. By extending the life of the tire C. By improving handling and stability D. All of the above
10. How is air pressure used in the design of aircraft? A. To create lift, which keeps the plane airborne B. To create drag, which slows the plane down C. To create thrust, which propels the plane forward D. All of the above

 

Presentation

 

 

 

The topic is presented step by step

 

Step 1:

The class teacher revises the previous topics

 

Step 2.

He introduces the new topic

 

Step 3:

The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise

 

 

Conclusion

The class teacher wraps up or conclude the lesson by giving out short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.

The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.

He or she does the necessary corrections when and where  the needs arise.

 

Evaluation

• What is a windmill
• What is air pressure
• Write out four properties of air
• Write out four uses of air pressure
• What is air

 

 

Assignment

Prepare for the next lesson by reading about mineral resources in Nigeria

 

 Answers to the objective questions

1. D. Space travel
2. A. By the difference in air pressure on the top and bottom of the wing
3. B. It uses a pump to create a low pressure area inside the cleaner, which sucks up dust and debris
4. A. By compressing the gas
5. B. A storm approaching
6. A. In millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
7. A. Systolic pressure and diastolic pressure
8. A. Headache, dizziness, and fatigue
9. D. All of the above
10. A. To create lift, which keeps the plane airborne