Civic Rule in Nigeria Third Republic 1992 To 1993
First Term Lesson Notes History Primary 6
Subject:
History
[mediator_tech]
Term:
FIRST TERM
Week:
WEEK 4
Class:
Primary 6/Basic 6
Topic:
Civic Rule in Nigeria Third Republic 1992 To 1993
[mediator_tech]
Previous lesson:
The pupils have previous knowledge of
Civic Rule in Nigeria Second Republic 1979 To 1985
that was taught as a topic in the previous lesson
Behavioural objectives:
By the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to
- Name the two political parties in Nigeria during the third republic
- Identify the presidential candidates in these two political parties during the third republic
- Discuss the activities that led to the June 12 election and the functions of the Interim National Government (ING)
Instructional Materials:
- Wall charts
- Pictures
- Related Online Video
- Flash Cards
- Photos of State House of Assembly
- Pictures of voters casting their votes
- Political map of Nigeria
- Pictures of Past Presidents of Nigeria
- Copy of the Nigerian 1999 Constitution
[mediator_tech]
Methods of Teaching:
- Class Discussion
- Group Discussion
- Asking Questions
- Explanation
- Role Modelling
- Role Delegation
[mediator_tech]
Reference Materials:
- Scheme of Work
- Online Information
- Textbooks
- Workbooks
- 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
Content:
What is the meaning of Third Republic in Nigeria 1992 – 1993 ?
The Third Republic in Nigeria refers to the period of time in the history of Nigeria from 1992 to 1993, during which the country was ruled by a government that was established after the military government of General Ibrahim Babangida handed power over to civilian rule. This period is also known as the “Interim National Government” (ING) or the “Transitional Council” (TC).
During this time, Chief Ernest Shonekan, a prominent businessman and lawyer, served as the interim President of Nigeria. He was appointed by General Babangida to head the ING and oversee the transition to civilian rule. The ING was intended to be a caretaker government that would manage the country until democratic elections could be held and a new civilian government could be established.
However, the ING faced significant challenges and was unable to address many of the issues facing the country, including widespread corruption, economic problems, and social unrest. In 1993, General Sani Abacha seized power in a military coup, ending the Third Republic and returning Nigeria to military rule.
Evaluation
- What period of time in Nigeria’s history is the Third Republic? a. 1950-1960 b. 1960-1970 c. 1970-1980 d. 1992-1993
- Who served as the interim President of Nigeria during the Third Republic? a. General Muhammadu Buhari b. Chief Ernest Shonekan c. General Sani Abacha d. General Ibrahim Babangida
- What was the purpose of the Third Republic, also known as the Interim National Government (ING)? a. To oversee the transition from military to civilian rule b. To implement economic reforms c. To address social and political issues d. To secure the country’s independence
- How did the Third Republic come to an end? a. It was dissolved after democratic elections were held b. It was overthrown in a military coup c. It was dissolved due to economic and social issues d. It was dissolved due to pressure from foreign powers
- What was the main challenge facing the Third Republic? a. Political instability b. Economic recession c. Social unrest d. All of the above
- Who was General Ibrahim Babangida? a. The interim President of Nigeria during the Third Republic b. The leader of the military government that preceded the Third Republic c. The leader of the military coup that ended the Third Republic d. The leader of the military government that followed the Third Republic
- What was the role of Chief Ernest Shonekan in the Third Republic? a. He was the interim President of Nigeria b. He was the head of the military government that preceded the Third Republic c. He was the leader of the military coup that ended the Third Republic d. He was a member of the transitional council that oversaw the transition to civilian rule
- What was the main objective of the Third Republic? a. To establish a democratic government b. To implement economic reforms c. To address social and political issues d. To secure the country’s independence
- What issues did the Third Republic struggle to address? a. Political instability b. Economic recession c. Social unrest d. All of the above
- Who seized power in a military coup, ending the Third Republic? a. General Muhammadu Buhari b. Chief Ernest Shonekan c. General Sani Abacha d. General Ibrahim Babangida
Marking Guide
- d. 1992-1993
- b. Chief Ernest Shonekan
- a. To oversee the transition from military to civilian rule
- b. It was overthrown in a military coup
- d. All of the above
- b. The leader of the military government that preceded the Third Republic
- a. He was the interim President of Nigeria
- a. To establish a democratic government
- d. All of the above
- c. General Sani Abacha
Political Parties During The Third Republic In Nigeria.
- National Party of Nigeria (NPN): This was a conservative party that was led by President Shehu Shagari and was supported by traditional northern leaders.
- Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN): This was a more progressive party that was led by Chief Obafemi Awolowo and was supported by some southern and western politicians.
- National Republican Convention (NRC): This was a center-right party that was established in 1989 after the ban on political activity was lifted. It was led by Bashir Tofa and was supported by some northern and eastern politicians.
- Social Democratic Party (SDP): This was a center-left party that was established in 1989 after the ban on political activity was lifted. It was led by Chief Moshood Abiola and was supported by some southern and western politicians.
[mediator_tech]
Presidential Candidates Of Political Parties During The Third Republic In Nigeria
- National Party of Nigeria (NPN): President Shehu Shagari was the presidential candidate for the NPN in 1979.
- Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN): Chief Obafemi Awolowo was the presidential candidate for the UPN in 1979.
- National Republican Convention (NRC): Bashir Tofa was the presidential candidate for the NRC in 1993.
- Social Democratic Party (SDP): Chief Moshood Abiola was the presidential candidate for the SDP in 1993.
Evaluation
- Which party was led by President Shehu Shagari and supported by traditional northern leaders? a. National Party of Nigeria (NPN) b. Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) c. National Republican Convention (NRC) d. Social Democratic Party (SDP)
- Which party was led by Chief Obafemi Awolowo and supported by some southern and western politicians? a. National Party of Nigeria (NPN) b. Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) c. National Republican Convention (NRC) d. Social Democratic Party (SDP)
- Which party was established in 1989 after the ban on political activity was lifted and was led by Bashir Tofa? a. National Party of Nigeria (NPN) b. Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) c. National Republican Convention (NRC) d. Social Democratic Party (SDP)
- Which party was established in 1989 after the ban on political activity was lifted and was led by Chief Moshood Abiola? a. National Party of Nigeria (NPN) b. Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) c. National Republican Convention (NRC) d. Social Democratic Party (SDP)
- Who was the presidential candidate for the National Party of Nigeria (NPN) in 1979? a. President Shehu Shagari b. Chief Obafemi Awolowo c. Bashir Tofa d. Chief Moshood Abiola
- Who was the presidential candidate for the Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) in 1979? a. President Shehu Shagari b. Chief Obafemi Awolowo c. Bashir Tofa d. Chief Moshood Abiola
- Who was the presidential candidate for the National Republican Convention (NRC) in 1993? a. President Shehu Shagari b. Chief Obafemi Awolowo c. Bashir Tofa d. Chief Moshood Abiola
- Who was the presidential candidate for the Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1993? a. President Shehu Shagari b. Chief Obafemi Awolowo c. Bashir Tofa d. Chief Moshood Abiola
- Which party was a conservative party that was supported by traditional northern leaders? a. National Party of Nigeria (NPN) b. Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) c. National Republican Convention (NRC) d. Social Democratic Party (SDP)
- Which party was a more progressive party that was supported by some southern and western politicians? a. National Party of Nigeria (NPN) b. Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) c. National Republican Convention (NRC) d. Social Democratic Party (SDP)
Marking Guide
- Which party was led by President Shehu Shagari and supported by traditional northern leaders? a. National Party of Nigeria (NPN)
- Which party was led by Chief Obafemi Awolowo and supported by some southern and western politicians? b. Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN)
- Which party was established in 1989 after the ban on political activity was lifted and was led by Bashir Tofa? c. National Republican Convention (NRC)
- Which party was established in 1989 after the ban on political activity was lifted and was led by Chief Moshood Abiola? d. Social Democratic Party (SDP)
- Who was the presidential candidate for the National Party of Nigeria (NPN) in 1979? a. President Shehu Shagari
- Who was the presidential candidate for the Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) in 1979? b. Chief Obafemi Awolowo
- Who was the presidential candidate for the National Republican Convention (NRC) in 1993? c. Bashir Tofa
- Who was the presidential candidate for the Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1993? d. Chief Moshood Abiola
- Which party was a conservative party that was supported by traditional northern leaders? a. National Party of Nigeria (NPN)
- Which party was a more progressive party that was supported by some southern and western politicians? b. Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN)
Factors That Led To The Annulment of June 12 Election
The annulment of the June 12, 1993 presidential election in Nigeria was the most free and fair election that Nigeria ever had as a political entity after independence. But it was believed by some people to be controversial and highly disputed and that had significant consequences for the country’s political landscape. There are several factors that are believed to have contributed to the decision to annul the election. Some of these factors include:
- Political tensions: The 1993 election was seen as a highly competitive and divisive contest between the two main parties, the National Republican Convention (NRC) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP). The NRC was led by Bashir Tofa and was supported by some northern and eastern politicians, while the SDP was led by Chief Moshood Abiola and was supported by some southern and western politicians. The election was also seen as a referendum on the military government of General Ibrahim Babangida, which had been in power since a coup in 1985.
- Allegations of fraud: Both the NRC and the SDP accused each other of attempting to rig the election, and there were also allegations of fraud and irregularities on the part of the electoral commission.
- Military intervention: The military government of General Ibrahim Babangida played a significant role in the decision to annul the election. There were reports that the military was divided over the outcome of the election and that some members of the government were opposed to the prospect of a civilian government led by Chief Moshood Abiola
- Legal challenges: The annulment of the election was challenged in the courts by Chief Moshood Abiola and other political figures, but the Supreme Court ultimately upheld the decision.
The annulment of the June 12 election was a major turning point in Nigeria’s political history and had far-reaching consequences for the country. It led to widespread protests and civil unrest, and contributed to the instability and insecurity that have plagued Nigeria in the years since
Evaluation
- Which party was led by Bashir Tofa and supported by some northern and eastern politicians? a. National Party of Nigeria (NPN) b. Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) c. National Republican Convention (NRC) d. Social Democratic Party (SDP)
- Which party was led by Chief Moshood Abiola and supported by some southern and western politicians? a. National Party of Nigeria (NPN) b. Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) c. National Republican Convention (NRC) d. Social Democratic Party (SDP)
- Who was the military ruler of Nigeria at the time of the June 12 election? a. General Muhammadu Buhari b. General Sani Abacha c. General Ibrahim Babangida d. General Olusegun Obasanjo
- Who challenged the annulment of the election in the courts? a. Chief Obafemi Awolowo b. President Shehu Shagari c. Bashir Tofa d. Chief Moshood Abiola
- Which of the following was NOT a factor that contributed to the annulment of the June 12 election? a. Political tensions b. Allegations of fraud c. Military intervention d. Support for the military government
- Which of the following was NOT an outcome of the annulment of the June 12 election? a. Widespread protests and civil unrest b. Increased stability and security c. Continued military rule d. Increased polarization and division
- Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the annulment of the June 12 election? a. The Supreme Court upheld the decision b. Chief Moshood Abiola was declared the winner c. The military government was overthrown d. The country experienced increased instability and insecurity
- Which of the following was NOT an issue that the June 12 election was seen as a referendum on? a. The military government of General Ibrahim Babangida b. The future direction of the country c. The role of traditional leaders in politics d. The regional and ethnic divisions in the country
- Who was the presidential candidate for the National Party of Nigeria (NPN) in 1979? a. President Shehu Shagari b. Chief Obafemi Awolowo c. Bashir Tofa d. Chief Moshood Abiola
- Who was the presidential candidate for the Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) in 1979? a. President Shehu Shagari b. Chief Obafemi Awolowo c. Bashir Tofa d. Chief Moshood Abiola
Answers / Marking Guide
- Which party was led by Bashir Tofa and supported by some northern and eastern politicians? c. National Republican Convention (NRC)
- Which party was led by Chief Moshood Abiola and supported by some southern and western politicians? d. Social Democratic Party (SDP)
- Who was the military ruler of Nigeria at the time of the June 12 election? c. General Ibrahim Babangida
- Who challenged the annulment of the election in the courts? d. Chief Moshood Abiola
- Which of the following was NOT a factor that contributed to the annulment of the June 12 election? d. Support for the military government
- Which of the following was NOT an outcome of the annulment of the June 12 election? b. Increased stability and security
- Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the annulment of the June 12 election? b. Chief Moshood Abiola was declared the winner
- Which of the following was NOT an issue that the June 12 election was seen as a referendum on? c. The role of traditional leaders in politics
- Who was the presidential candidate for the National Party of Nigeria (NPN) in 1979? a. President Shehu Shagari
- Who was the presidential candidate for the Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) in 1979? b. Chief Obafemi Awolowo
Nigeria National Interim Government.
The Nigeria National Interim Government (NIG) was a government that was established in Nigeria in 1993, following the annulment of the presidential election held earlier that year. The NIG was led by Chief Ernest Shonekan, a prominent businessman and former cabinet minister, who was appointed as interim head of state by General Ibrahim Babangida, the military ruler of Nigeria at the time.
The NIG was formed in response to widespread protests and unrest in Nigeria following the annulment of the presidential election, which was widely believed to have been rigged. The NIG was tasked with overseeing a transition to civilian rule and organizing new elections. However, it faced numerous challenges, including widespread corruption, economic mismanagement, and political infighting.
In November 1993, just a few months after it was established, the NIG was dissolved by General Sani Abacha, who seized power in a military coup. Abacha ruled Nigeria until his death in 1998, and the country did not return to civilian rule until 1999.
Functions of the Nigeria National Interim Government
- To oversee a transition to civilian rule in Nigeria following the annulment of the presidential election in 1993.
- To organize new elections and prepare the country for a return to democratic governance.
- To address the economic and social challenges facing the country, including widespread poverty, unemployment, and inadequate infrastructure.
- To implement reforms to improve the transparency and accountability of government institutions.
- To work with international organizations and foreign governments to secure economic and technical assistance for Nigeria.
- To promote national unity and reconciliation in a country that was deeply divided along ethnic and regional lines.
- To address the security challenges facing the country, including the threat of terrorism and insurgency.
- To defend the sovereignty and independence of Nigeria and protect the country’s territorial integrity.
Evaluation
- What was the main goal of the Nigeria National Interim Government (NIG)? a. To maintain military rule in Nigeria b. To oversee a transition to civilian rule c. To organize new elections d. To implement economic reforms
Answer: b. To oversee a transition to civilian rule
- What challenges did the NIG face during its time in power? a. Widespread poverty and unemployment b. Political infighting and corruption c. Insurgency and terrorism d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
- What measures did the NIG take to address the economic challenges facing the country? a. Implementing fiscal austerity measures b. Increasing public investment in infrastructure and education c. Promoting private sector development d. Both b and c
Answer: d. Both b and c
- How did the NIG work to promote national unity and reconciliation in Nigeria? a. By implementing policies that favored certain ethnic or regional groups b. By promoting dialogue and cooperation between different groups c. By imposing strict controls on freedom of expression d. None of the above
Answer: b. By promoting dialogue and cooperation between different groups
- What role did the NIG play in defending the sovereignty and independence of Nigeria? a. It worked closely with foreign governments to protect the country’s interests b. It deployed military forces to protect the country’s borders c. It implemented policies to reduce the country’s dependence on foreign aid d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
- What measures did the NIG take to improve the transparency and accountability of government institutions? a. It implemented measures to curb corruption and improve financial management b. It established independent oversight bodies to monitor government actions c. It increased public participation in policymaking d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
- What role did the NIG play in securing economic and technical assistance for Nigeria? a. It worked with international organizations to secure funding and expertise b. It implemented policies to attract foreign investment c. It reduced the country’s reliance on foreign aid d. All of the above
Answer: a. It worked with international organizations to secure funding and expertise
- How did the NIG address the security challenges facing the country? a. By deploying military forces to combat terrorism and insurgency b. By implementing measures to improve border security c. By strengthening intelligence and law enforcement agencies d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
- What was the fate of the NIG? a. It successfully oversaw a transition to civilian rule and organized new elections b. It was dissolved by General Sani Abacha in a military coup c. It was replaced by a caretaker government d. It was dissolved by popular demand
Answer: b. It was dissolved by General Sani Abacha in a military coup
- What was the main legacy of the NIG? a. It laid the foundations for democratic governance in Nigeria b. It failed to address the major challenges facing the country c. It promoted economic growth and development d. It strengthened the country’s security and territorial integrity
Answer: a. It laid the foundations for democratic governance in Nigeria
Presentation
The topic is presented step by step
Step 1:
The class teacher revises the previous topics
Step 2.
He introduces the new topic. Pupils are encouraged to explain personal security. Pupils in pairs are to suggest people that they can reach out to when in harm, fear or danger.
Step 3:
The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise. The class teacher makes the pupils to know the reasons for person security
Conclusion
The class teacher wraps up or concludes the lesson by giving out short notes to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.
The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.
He or she does the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise.
