Lexical and Auxiliary Verbs.
Subject:
ENGLISH STUDIES
[mediator_tech]
Term:
FIRST TERM
Week:
WEEK 8
Class:
SS 3
WEEK EIGHT
TOPIC: COMPREHENSION:
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGREEMENT
The passage centers on the attempts by the Nigeria Government to curb drug trafficking in the country. Nigeria’s geographical position gives it the unfortunate distinction of being the natural hub for drug trafficking to and from the Americas, to Europe and across Africa. The United State Government signed an executive agreement on procedures for mutual assistance in law enforcement matters in November 1987. Some successes have been recorded but much still remains to be done.
EVALUATION
Questions, Page 64
Topic: Vocabulary Development:
Justice Delayed.
Some of the words related to law include investigation, punishment, plaintiff sentence, trial, legal, judge. Other related topics include due process, drug trafficking, criminal activity, and law enforcement.
The passage discusses the challenges
EVALUATION
Vocabulary, Page 64.
Topic:
Lexical and Auxiliary Verbs.
A. Lexical Verbs: Lexical (or main) verbs are those that can stand done as the verb element of the sentence.
E.g. Dike did work yesterday.
We are students.
John cut down the tree today.
Where the verb element of a sentence consists of more than one verb, the lexical (main) verb always appears last.
E.G. Dike has done the work
We are studying English
I have read the book.
B. Auxiliary verbs: Auxiliary verbs are those that help the main verbs perform their functions. Auxiliary verbs are used to form complex verb phrases. They help to express time and modality (certainty, necessity, possibility, etc.). Common auxiliary verbs include will, should, must, may, can and could. There are two kinds of auxiliary verbs: Primary and modal. A major difference between the two kinds is that; while the primary auxiliaries can also be used as lexical verbs, the modal auxiliaries cannot.
1. Primary Auxiliaries: be, do, have.
be – I am going to school
do – Charles did not attend class.
Have – I have done the work.
ll. Modal Auxiliaries:
can – Joy can go if she likes
could – John could run fast when he was young.
may – Obi may come with us.
might – It might rain this afternoon.
shall – I shall attend the party.
will – He will play for us today.
should – We should eat the food since it is safe.
would – If I had a car, I would travel often.
must – You must tell the truth
ought to – Every student ought to study hard.
use to – We used to fly kites when we were young
need – You need to leave now
dare – Nobody dare insult our leader.
EVALUATION
Make five sentences with the following. be, do, have, could, may.
1. I am going to school tomorrow.
2. Charles did not complete his assignment yesterday.
3. I have finished the project.
4. Joy could run fast when she was young.
5. Obi may attend the meeting with us tomorrow.
Topic: Speech Work:
Consonants
There are twenty –four consonants in speech in English. Three factors are usually considered in the classification of consonants. These are ‘place of articulation’,
‘Manner of articulation and ‘state of the glottis? This chart below shows the classification according to these features.
Manner of articulation State of the Glottis Place of Articulation
Voiceless Voiced
p b Bilabial
STOP t d Alveolar
(PLOSIVE) k g Velar
FRICATIVE f v Labio-dental
θ Dental
s z Alveolar
S Palato-Alveolar
h Glottal
AFFRICATE ts d Plato-Alveolar
LATERAL l Alveolar
LIQUID r Alveolar
SEMI-VOWEL w Bilabial
j Palatal
m Bilabial
NASAL h Alveolar
ŋ Velar
Examples of words where the consonants occur.
1. / p / – pan, nap
2. / b / – bud, rub
3. / t / – tea, seat
4. / d / – dip, hide
5. /k/ – come, pack
6. / g / – get, rag
7. / f / – fork, cough
8. / v / – van, live
9. / θ / – think, both
10. / / – this, breathe
11. / s / – sip, place
12. / z / – zink, has
13. /s/ – ship, fish
14. /З/ – genre, garage
15. / h/ – hat, behave
16. / ts/ – cheap, teach
17. / d З / – joy, page
18. / l / – lock, sell
19. / r/ – rag, borrow
20. / w/ – win, rewind
21. / j/ – yes, new
22. /m/ – man, him
23. / n / – net, rain
24. / ŋ/ – singer, bang
25. / c / – can, ice
26. / ɹ / – rid, worry
27. / l j / – lukewarm, luxuriant
28. / p j / – piggyback, pizza
29. / t j / – taught, tiger
30. / d ŋ / – dong, dangle
31. / t ŋ / – tingle, think
32. /θ/ – thump, thank
33. /s/ – sift, sink
34. / z / – laze, zebra
35. / f / – cliff, cough
36. / v/ – weave, video
37. / k / – kelp, kangaroo
38. / ɡ/ – gag, giggle
39. / tʃ/ – peach, much
40. / dʒ/ – judge, garage
EVALUATION
Exercise 1, Question 9 Page 67, Oral English for Schools and Colleges.
READING ASSIGNMENT
Modal Auxiliaries.
GENERAL EVALUATION
Structure
Verb Tenses
Fill in the blank spaces with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
1. Amadi has never……….. late to school. (come)
2. His mother, together with his sisters,………..in the bakery. (work)
3. He ……….. a lot of reading everyday. (do)
4. My friend and confidant ………. in Lagos. (live)
5. Either his brother or his cousins ………… him advice.(give)
6. She ………. with her friend constantly. (talk)
7. You may visit him if you…………..(want)
8. I have ………. so much since he left Nigeria. (study)
9. He has ……….. to be a successful lawyer. (work)
10. They have……….. for the conference in America. (travel)
Answers
1. has come
2. are working
3. does
4. lives
5. give
6. talks
7. want
8. studied
9. worked
10. travelled
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Revision and Tests, Part 1 Page 73, Effective English
