Applied Keyboarding:
Junior Secondary School Business Studies JSS 3
THIRD TERM E – LEARNING NOTES
JSS 3
SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES
CLASS: JSS 3 (BASIC 9)
Subject :
Business Studies
Term :
THIRD TERM
Week:
Week 2
Class :
JSS 3
Topic :
Applied Keyboarding: (a) Types of paper sizes, uses of each type, number of spaces available on each type: i. Horizontally ii. Vertically (b) Display: i. Methods- : horizontal, vertical, blocked. Ii. Types of display headings- main headings, sub-headings, shoulder heading, side heading.
Previous lesson :
The pupils have previous knowledge of
Behavioural objectives :
At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to
- Explain the types of paper sizes
- Explain types of display heading
Instructional Materials :
- Wall charts
- Pictures
- Related Online Video
- Flash Cards
Methods of Teaching :
- Class Discussion
- Group Discussion
- Asking Questions
- Explanation
- Role Modelling
- Role Delegation
Reference Materials :
- Scheme of Work
- Online Information
- Textbooks
- Workbooks
- 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
- Workbooks
Content :
.
Topic: APPLIED KEYBOARDING
CONTENT: i. Meaning of Keyboarding
ii. Types of paper sizes
iii. Uses of each type
iv. Number of spaces available on each type
v. Display[mediator_tech]
Sub-Topic
1: MEANING OF KEYBOARDING; TYPES OF PAPER SIZES; USES OF EACH TYPE
Keyboarding is the process of using a machine like typewriter or computer to process data into a mail able form for future reference.
TYPES OF PAPER SIZES
In an office you will come across seven (7) different sizes of papers and they are referred to as A-series. These include A1, A2, A3, A 4, A5, A6 and A7. The most common of these paper sizes are A4, A5 and A6 papers, others include memo, quarto , octavo and foolscap. The paper sizes are stated below as follows
Paper Correct size
A6 ———————————————————————————- 105 × 148 mm
A5 ——————————landscape——————————- 210 × 140 mm
A5 ——————————portrait————————148 × 210 mm
A4 ———————————————————————————- 210 × 297 mm
Octavo (8vo) —————————————127 × 205 mm
Memo ———————————————– 205 × 127 mm
Quarto (4to) —————————————– 205 × 254 mm
Foolscap (fep) —————————————-205 × 330 mm
Good quality typing sheets are very necessary for good type writing jobs. More of those papers will be treated as we go further in the type writing studies.
USES OF THE TYPES OF PAPER SIZES
The A-series paper sizes are used for different purposes as stated below.
A1 – Its sizes is 420mm x 594mm and it is used for structural drawings, estate and building sketching.
A2 – All paper sizes can be obtained from A1 and when it is folded we will get two A2 papers. Its measures is 841mm x 514mm and it is used for newspaper production e.g. Guardian, Sunday times, Daily times newspapers etc.
A3 – Its size is 420mm x 297mm and when folded once it becomes an A4 paper. It is used for photocopying large documents and secondary school simple building drawings.
A4 – This is used for lengthy memoranda letters, reports and literacy works and photocopying smaller documents and its size is 210mm x 297mm. When A4 is folded twice each half becomes an A5 paper
A5 – Its size is determined by whichever side is used. It is used for short memo card, short letters, personal correspondence, short business letters and advertisement, when it is used sideways it becomes A5 landscape but when used with shorter side up it becomes A5 portrait. It sizes are 210mm x 148mm and two A6 paper can be gotten from it.
A6 – This paper is used for post cards, index cards, invitation cards and when folded once, one half forms A7 and its size is 105mm x 148mm.
A7 – This paper type is used for business cards, complementary cards.
Apart from the paper sizes discussed above we have traditional papers like foolscap, quarto, sixmo, memo, octavo, brief and draft.
Foolscap (fep) is used for long document and legal work.
Quarto(4to) is used for medium letters.
Sixmo(6mo) is use for correspondence.
Octovo(8vo) is use for short messages
You have learnt that there are ten characters on a pica faced typewrite while on an elite faced typewriter there are twelve characters to an inch(25mm). There are six single line spaces to every 25mm typed vertically down a page of paper whether the type is in pica or elite.
EVALUATION
- What are the dimensions of sizes A4 and A5 papers?
- How many paper sizes do we have?[mediator_tech]
Sub-Topic
2: HORIZONTAL TYPING LINE SPACES
(12 SPACES 1”(25mm) FOR ELITE) ( 10 SPACES 1”(25mm)FOR PICA.
PAPER SIZE PORTRAIT LANDSCAPE
| ELITE | PICA | ELITE | PICA | |
| A4 | 100 | 82 | 140 | 118 |
| A5 | 70 | 59 | 100 | 82 |
| A6 | 50 | 41 | 70 | 59 |
| A7 | 35 | 29 | 50 | 41 |
| FOOLSCAP | 96 | 80 | 156 | 130 |
| QUARTO | 96 | 80 | 120 | 100 |
| SIXMO | 78 | 65 | 96 | 80 |
| OCTAVO | 60 | 50 | 96 | 80 |
| VERTICALLY | TYPING LINE | SPACES, 6 SINGLE VERTICAL LINES=1”(25mm) | ||
| PAPER SIZE | PORTRAIT | LANDSCAPE | ||
| A4 | 70 | 50 | ||
| A5 | 50 | 35 | ||
| A6 | 35 | 25 | ||
| A7 | 25 | 17 | ||
| FOOLSCAP | 78 | 48 | ||
| QUARTO | 48 | 39 | ||
| SIXMO | 60 | 48 | ||
| OCTAVO | 48 | 30 |
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
- What is the horizontal and vertical line spaces in elite and pica on A5 paper size?.
- Mention two (2) uses of A5, A4, A6 papers.
- State the two typing line spaces.
- Itemize the traditional paper sizes.
NUMBER OF SPACES AVAILABLE ON EACH TYPE OF PAPER SIZES AND TYPRWRITTER SPACE
| Paper | Horizontal Spacing | Vertical spacing |
| Total number Number to center | Total single lines Number to center | |
| Pica Elite Pica Elite | Pica Elite P I c a | |
| Elite | ||
| A6 (105 x 148 mm) | 59 70 29 35 | 25 25 12 12 |
| 82 100 41 50 | 35 35 17 17 | |
| (148 x 210 mm ) | 59 70 29 35 | 50 50 25 25 |
| A4 (210 x 297 mm) | 82 100 41 50 | 70 70 35 35 |
| Octavo (8vo) | ||
| (127 x 205 mm) | 50 60 25 30 | 48 48 24 24 |
| Sexto | ||
| (165 x 205 mm) | 65 78 32 39 | 48 48 24 24 |
| (205 x 165 mm) | 80 96 40 48 | 39 39 19 19 |
| Memo | ||
| (205 x 127) | 80 96 40 48 | 30 30 15 15 |
| Quarto (4to) | ||
| (205 x 127 mm) | 80 96 40 48 | 60 60 30 30 |
| Foolscap (fep) | ||
| (205 x 330 mm) | 80 96 40 48 | 78 78 36 36 |
DISPLAY
Display is the centralization of matters like notice, menus, itineraries programmes and a host of others on A4 or A5 papers in a beautiful and acceptable way. This can be done horizontally or vertically on typing papers. Display is also the orderly, eye catching arrangement of materials on a paper with emphasis on the important parts of the material so that the message is immediately conveyed to the reader.
METHODS OF DISPLAY
Horizontal Display
Horizontal display is to Centre a word or words in the middle of a page so that there is equal space on the left and right sides of the page. The backspacing method is used for horizontal display and the following procedures are to be done,
- Move the margin stops to the extreme left and right and clear all tabular stops.
- Insert the paper with the left edge at 0 on the paper scale.
- Check the number of horizontal typing spaces at the right end with the aid of the paper scale, this will give you the total spaces available from left to right of the typing paper(use the typing line spaces across the page.
- Divide the total spaces by two to find the Centre of the paper.
- Move the carriage to the Centre point.
- Set a tabular stop on that Centre point.
- Back space once for every two letters or spaces in the typing line.
- Ignore any odd number.
- Begin typing line at the point reached through backspacing.[mediator_tech]
The number of horizontal spaces in the full width and Centre points of A4 and A5 papers are as follows. It should be noted that the number of spaces to an inch in elite is 12, pica 10 ( 25mm) ,in order to centralize a sentence like Adeori company limited horizontally on A4 paper, the following steps should be taken:
- The sentence including the spaces in between should be counted.
- The counted number should be deducted from the total number of spaces on the A4 paper; 100 for elite and 82 for pica.
- Divide the remaining number into two
- Set the left edge of the paper at ‘0’, move margin stops to extreme left and right on the carriage scale.
- Count the divided numbers from scale ‘0’ which you had already set at the left edge of the paper
- Type the sentence,.
Example
Full width Centre Points
Elite Pica Elite Pica
A4 paper (210 x 297 mm) 100 82 50 41
A5 landscape paper 210x 148 mm 100 82 50 41
A5 portrait paper 148 x 210 mm 70 59 35 29
Class exercise
- Centralize the following sentences on a sheet of A5 landscape in double line spacing as explained above: THE BANNER CHRISTIAN SCHOOL YOLA IS CELEBRATING IT’S 15TH YEAR ANNIVESARY. YOU ARE ALL INVITED. COME ONE COME ALL.
- Type the following on A5 landscape paper (210 x 145 mm) in double line spacing centering each line horizontally. Turn down 12 single –line spaces from the top edge of the paper.
Copy-typist
Wanted immediately
Apply to
The Advertiser,
Ibadan, Oyo state
- Type the following on A5 (landscape) in double line spacing , note that the number of spaces to backspace has been worked out for you.
No. of characters No. of backspaces
(24 spaces) Nigerian postal services (12 spaces)
(18 spaces) Keyboarding studio (9spaces)
(12 spaces) Airport hotel (6 spaces)
(24 spaces) Bisi Goddess of the river (12 spaces)
(28 spaces) Junior Secondary Keyboarding (14 spaces)
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Type the following display of a notice on A5 (portrait) in double line spacing, work out the number of spaces that you will backspace.
Super Story
Cock Crow at Dawn
Village Headmaster.
Samanja
General Post Office
Miss Universe Contest
Jos Wild Life Park
Type the following display of a notice on A5 (portrait) using double line spacing. Centre each line horizontally.
CLERK TYPIST
Required for
Nigerian Postal Services.
Apply by letter, as soon as possible to
Head Postmaster
General Post Office
Hospital Road
Port Harcourt.
Vertical Display
This is the arrangement of materials on the page so that there are the same number of blank lines at the top and bottom. There are two methods of displaying information vertically and these are-
Mathematical method and backspacing methods.
Mathematical method includes the following steps.
- Find the number of typing lines from the top to bottom of the page
- Count the number of lines and blank lines the display will occur(that is lines of type and lines of spaces between them)
- Subtract this total from the number of lines down the page.
- Divide the answer by two to give equal line spaces above and below the typing, ignore any fraction.
- Insert paper and make sure the left edge is at 0 on the paper scale and that the top edge is level with the alignment scales.
- Turn up the number of spaces calculated for the top margin plus one space.
- Type the display, centre each line horizontally. Turn up twice when it is necessary to leave one line space.
This display gives a number of single lines spaces to a page on A4 and A5 papers as follows:[mediator_tech]
A4 (210 x 297 mm) – 70 single line spaces
A5 landscape paper (210 x 148 mm) – 35 single line spaces
A5 portrait paper (148 x 210 mm) – 50 single line spaces
There are 6 (six) single line spaces to 1 inch which is 25mm. To centralize matter vertically on the sheet of paper, the following steps should be taken.
- Count the number of lines including blank lines that matter will occupy.
- Subtract the above figure from the number of lines spaces on your paper.
- After subtracting the figure, divide the remaining figure by 2, ignore any fraction in order to determine on what line to begin the typing.
- Finally start typing.
- Number of lines on paper 210 x 148 mm = 35
- Number of line and spaces on copy = 12
- Deduct number 2 from number 1 = 35 – 12 = 23
- Divide the answer in number 3 by 2 = 23/2 = 11 and avoid fraction for top and bottom margining.
- Turn up 12 single line space and type first line of notice.
EXAMPLE
Type this advertisement horizontally and vertically on A5 (landscape) paper, using double line spacing. The following steps should be taken;
YOUTH AIDS AWARENESS CONCERT (TL1)
(blank line) (bl1)
By the (tl2)
(blank ) (bl2)
NATIONAL AIDS CAMPAIGN ORGANISATION (tl3)
(blank line) (bl3)
At the (tl4)
(blank line) (bl4)
MULTI PURPOSE HALL (tl5)
(blank line) (bl5)
On (tl6)
(blank line) (bl6)
Saturday 24th May, 2007 (tl7)
(blank line) (bl7)
At 7:30pm (tl8)
TL means typing line while BL is blank line.
There are 35 lines on A5 landscape paper
There are 8 typewritten lines plus 7 blank lines= 15 lines
Deduct 15 from 35=20
Divide 20 by 2 =10
Insert paper, making sure that the left edge is at 0 and top edge level with the alignment scale
Turn up 10 single spaces plus another one line= 11 in order to have 10 clear line spaces from the top edge of the paper.
Type the display centering each line horizontally.
EXAMPLE
Type the following on A5 landscape using double line spacing, centre each line horizontally and vertically.
COMMAND PRIMARY SCHOOL
Invites you
To their
ANNUAL SPORTS FESTIVAL
To be held at
NNAMDI AZIKIWE STADIUM
Enugu
At 4pm
Type the following on A5 portrait and landscape using double line spacing, centre each line horizontally and vertically.
THE SHERATON HOTEL
Kaduna
MENU
Chilled Mango Juice
Pounded yam with Egusi soup
Amala with Okro soup
Water melon.
The backspacing method
These steps are used in this method
Find the number of vertical lines on the paper
Count the number of lines and blank spaces to be used in typing the problem
Move the paper to the vertical centre by spacing down from the top edge of the paper, setting lever on single space, as we see in A4 paper where we need to go down 35 single-line spaces.
Roll the platen (cylinder) back once for each two lines or blank line space, ignore any fraction that is left.
EXAMPLE 2
Type the following on A4 using double line spacing, centre each line horizontally and vertically.
Oweri Play Group
(blank line)
Presents
(blank line)
THE WISE MAN
(blank line)
At
(blank line)
University Hall Enugu
(blank line)
On
(blank line)
Thursday April 24th 2009
(blank line)
Admission—Free
EXERCISE
Type the following using the backspacing method on A4 paper using double line spacing , centre each line horizontally and vertically.
GOMBE UNIVERSITY
Presents
A play tittled
H O M E W A R D B O U N D
On
January 27, 2007- 8 p.m.
At
The Main Hall
Tickets
N50 (students), N 100 (non-students ) .
BLOCKED DISPLAY.
This is an alternative to the centre display, here the left margin is used as a common starting point.
- Blocked style vertical display is arranged in the usual way with equal top and bottom margins.
- It has the longest line centred across the page.
- It has theleft margin set at the beginning of the line.
- All lines are beginning at that point.
EXAMPLE
Type the following blocked display on A5 portrait paper using double line spacing, centre each line horizontally and vertically.
CHILDREN’S DAY CELEBRATION
Children seated at 9a.m[mediator_tech]
Arrival of Governor
National Anthem
Pledge
Songs by various schools
Poem recited by selected students
Governor delivers speech
Police Band plays
Governor leaves
EXERCISE
Type the following blocked display effectively on A5 portrait paper.
AREWA EVENING CLASSES
Come and enroll for
Evening Classes in
English Language
Office practice
Book-keeping
Entrepreneurship
Keyboarding
Fees are MODERATE.
Sub-Topic
3:Types of Display Headings
There are five(5) kinds of headings which includes main heading, sub-heading, paragraph heading, shoulder heading, and side heading but the most commonly used are main, paragraph and shoulder.
Main Headings
This is the tittle of the document that is being typed. It is sometimes typed in closed capital letters or in space capitals ie by giving one space for each letter and three spaces between each word.
These are usually centered on the typing line and are typed in full capitals, followed immediately by two blank lines. Any heading typed in lower case with initial MUST be underscored. Full stop must not be used at the end of the heading, unless the last word is abbreviated. If there is a full stop you must not underscore it. Only a single underscore may be used in main headings. Examples
- IMPORTATION OF GOODS
- MESSERS R. NDACHABA & CO. LTD
Paragraph Headings
They are typed with initial capitals and lower case letters. They must be underscored. Paragraph headings may stand separately or run into the paragraph it can be with or without punctuation marks. Example.
STEEL INDUSTRY
Nigeria established iron and steel industries to assist in industrialization. There are two major steel complexes in the country.
Ajaokuta steel complex -This is the biggest of the steel complexes, part of it was commissioned in 1983
Delta steel complex— This is the second steel complex, it produces about 210,000 tons of steel bars and rods annually.
Shoulder Headings
These are always typed in full capital letters at the left hand margin, preceded and followed by one blank line. Full stop must never be put after the shoulder heading unless the last word is abbreviated. If there is a full stop, do not underscore it, only single underscore may be used in shoulder headings. The heading is separated from the material by a clear one line space and the headings starts on the same line as the text while the shoulder heading starts on a separate line. Example. NOVELTY MATCH.
PARTS OF A TYPEWRITER
(three single line spacing)
BELL
(2 line spacing)
CYLINDER
(2 line spacing.
SUB- HEADING – This heading appears under a main heading, it is usually typed in initials with lower case letters and is underscored. Main or sub-heading may be typed in either blocked form or centered over the writing line .EXAMPLE
SOFT DRINK FACTORY
Locating a factory.
SIDE HEADING –This is also called marginal heading, this type of heading is typed inside the left hand side margin in closed capitals. The underscore may not be used.[mediator_tech]
EXAMPLE
CURRENT ACCOUNT
An account operated by business men in commercial banks to enable them obtain loans to increase their capital base.
COMMERCIAL BANKS
These are banks that render financial services to customers in order to maximize profit.
Evaluation:
- How many types of display headings do we have?
- Write brief notes on each of the following display headings:
- Main heading
- Shoulder heading
- Paragraph heading.
Presentation
The topic is presented step by step
Step 1:
The class teacher revises the previous topics
Step 2.
He introduces the new topic
Step 3:
The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise
Conclusion
The class teacher wraps up or conclude the lesson by giving out short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.
The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.
He or she does the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise.
