Speech Work: Revision of Diphthongs for JSS 2 Second Term, Week 1 following your preferred format.

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Speech Work: Revision of Diphthongs

Subject: English Language

Class: JSS 2

Term: Second Term

Week: 1

Age: 11 – 13 years

Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioral Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define and explain diphthongs.
2. Identify the eight diphthongs in English pronunciation.
3. Pronounce words containing diphthongs correctly.
4. Differentiate between diphthongs and monophthongs.
5. Use words with diphthongs correctly in sentences.

Keywords

• Diphthong
• Vowel sound
• Monophthong
• Gliding sound
• Phoneme

Set Induction

The teacher writes words such as “boy,” “out,” “near,” “home,” and “day” on the board and asks students to pronounce them. The teacher then highlights that these words contain diphthongs and introduces the topic.

Entry Behavior

Students have prior knowledge of vowel sounds and the difference between vowels and consonants.

Learning Resources and Materials

• Flashcards with words containing diphthongs
• Audio recordings of diphthong pronunciation
• Phonetic transcription charts
• Mirrors for students to observe their mouth movements

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge

The teacher reminds students that there are 20 vowel sounds in English, categorized into monophthongs (pure vowels) and diphthongs (gliding vowels).

Embedded Core Skills

• Listening skills
• Speaking skills
• Phonetic transcription
• Differentiation skills

Learning Materials

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Standard English Dictionary
• Phonetics textbook

Reference Books

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for English Language
• JSS 2 English Language Textbook
• Phonetics and Phonology by Peter Roach

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Lesson Presentation

Step 1: Revision of Vowel Sounds

Teacher’s Activity:

• Recaps the two types of vowel sounds: monophthongs (single sounds) and diphthongs (gliding sounds).
• Writes the 12 monophthongs and 8 diphthongs on the board.

Learners’ Activity:

• Listen and repeat after the teacher.
• Identify familiar words with vowel sounds.

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Step 2: Definition and Explanation of Diphthongs

Teacher’s Activity:

• Defines diphthongs as vowel sounds that involve a glide from one vowel position to another within the same syllable.
• Explains that diphthongs are also called “gliding vowels.”

Learners’ Activity:

• Write down the definition of diphthongs.
• Give examples of words that contain diphthongs.

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Step 3: Identifying the 8 Diphthongs

Teacher’s Activity:
The teacher lists and pronounces the eight diphthongs, providing examples for each:

Diphthong	Example Words
/eɪ/	day, say, way, great
/aɪ/	high, my, sight, tie
/ɔɪ/	boy, toy, coin, voice
/aʊ/	how, now, cow, house
/əʊ/	go, so, no, home
/ɪə/	near, clear, dear, fear
/eə/	air, chair, fair, pair
/ʊə/	sure, tour, pure, cure

Learners’ Activity:

• Repeat each diphthong after the teacher.
• Identify diphthongs in words given by the teacher.

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Step 4: Pronouncing and Using Diphthongs in Sentences

Teacher’s Activity:

• Guides students in pronouncing words with diphthongs.
• Asks students to create sentences with words containing diphthongs.

Learners’ Activity:

• Pronounce the diphthong words correctly.
• Construct sentences using diphthongs, e.g., “I saw a boy playing in the park.”

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Step 5: Differentiating Diphthongs from Monophthongs

Teacher’s Activity:

• Explains that diphthongs glide between two vowel sounds, while monophthongs remain constant.
• Gives word pairs for comparison: sit vs. sight, not vs. note, cat vs. kite.

Learners’ Activity:

• Identify the differences between diphthongs and monophthongs.

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Evaluation

Fill in the blanks with the correct diphthongs:

1. The ____ (b__y) is playing outside.
2. We will g____ (h__me) early today.
3. She wore a p____ (p__ir) of new shoes.
4. The baby lets out a loud cr____ (cr__y).
5. The car was moving very sl____ (sl__w).
6. They are planning a t____ (t__ur) around the country.
7. My mother is always n____ (n__ar) to help.
8. I saw a beautiful fl____ (fl__wer) in the garden.
9. Can you h____ (h__ar) that sound?
10. The b____ (b__y) is playing with his toy.

Options for each blank:
a) /eɪ/
b) /aɪ/
c) /ɔɪ/
d) /aʊ/
e) /əʊ/
f) /ɪə/
g) /eə/
h) /ʊə/

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Class Activity Discussion (FAQs and Answers)

1. What are diphthongs?
   Diphthongs are vowel sounds that glide from one position to another within the same syllable.

2. How many diphthongs are there in English?
   There are eight diphthongs in English pronunciation.

3. Give three examples of words with diphthongs.
   Examples: “boy” (/ɔɪ/), “how” (/aʊ/), “go” (/əʊ/).

4. What is the difference between monophthongs and diphthongs?
   Monophthongs are single, steady vowel sounds, while diphthongs involve a glide between two vowel sounds.

5. Why are diphthongs called gliding vowels?
   Because the tongue moves from one vowel position to another within a single sound.

6. What is the phonetic symbol for the diphthong in “day”?
   The symbol is /eɪ/.

7. What diphthong is found in the word “out”?
   The diphthong in “out” is /aʊ/.

8. Is the sound in “tour” a diphthong?
   Yes, “tour” contains the diphthong /ʊə/.

9. How can I improve my pronunciation of diphthongs?
   Practice listening to native speakers, use phonetic transcription, and repeat words aloud.

10. Can a word have more than one diphthong?
    Yes, some words contain multiple diphthongs, e.g., “power” (/aʊ/ and /ə/).

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Assessment (Evaluation Questions)

1. Define diphthongs and give two examples.
2. List the eight diphthongs in English.
3. Differentiate between monophthongs and diphthongs with examples.
4. Identify the diphthongs in the following words: “chair,” “boy,” “house,” “clear,” “sure.”
5. Construct five sentences using words with diphthongs.

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Conclusion

The teacher marks students’ work, provides corrections, and reinforces the importance of diphthongs in English pronunciation.

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