Geography SS 2 Second Term Examination Questions

GEOGRAPHY SSS 2 SECOND TERM EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

SECTION A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Instruction: Answer all questions in this section by choosing the correct option.

1. The upper course of a river is also known as ______.
   a) Valley
   b) Torrent
   c) Plain
   d) Traction

2. A rock pedestal is a feature of ______.
   a) Water erosion
   b) Coastal erosion
   c) Marine erosion
   d) Wind erosion

3. Köppen’s classification of climate is based on ______.
   a) Temperature and pressure
   b) Winds and humidity
   c) Temperature and rainfall
   d) Pressure only

4. The Greeks classified climate based on ______.
   a) Temperature
   b) Rainfall
   c) Humidity
   d) Pressure

5. Yardangs are best described as ______.
   a) Long narrow ridges of sand lying parallel to the direction of the winds
   b) Steep-sided vertical bands of alternate hard and soft rocks aligned in the direction of the prevailing winds
   c) Flat table-like masses with very resistant horizontal top layers
   d) Hills of sand formed by the accumulation of sand and shaped by the movement of winds

6. The load of a river is transported along the course of a river through how many processes?
   a) Three
   b) Four
   c) Five
   d) Six

7. The atmospheric condition of a place over a long period of time is referred to as ______.
   a) Temperature
   b) Climate
   c) Weather
   d) Pressure

8. Which of the following weather elements is paired with the wrong instrument?
   a) Humidity and anemometer
   b) Rainfall and rain gauge
   c) Wind direction and wind vane
   d) Atmospheric pressure and barometer

9. Environmental controls include all the following except ______.
   a) Afforestation
   b) Preservation
   c) Conservation
   d) Degradation

10. Which of the following is not an environmental hazard?
    a) Earthquake
    b) Pollution
    c) Deforestation
    d) Sedimentation

11. One of the features found in the upper course of a river is ______.
    a) Gorge
    b) U-shaped valley
    c) Level
    d) Corrosion

12. Abrasion, attrition, and deflation are processes or actions of ______.
    a) River erosion
    b) Glacial erosion
    c) Wind erosion
    d) Coastal erosion

13. ______ is formed from the existence of extensive old plateaus.
    a) Zeugens
    b) Yardangs
    c) Delta
    d) Inselbergs

14. A river transports its load through the following processes except ______.
    a) Solution
    b) Suspension
    c) Traction
    d) Plucking

15. All the following are features produced by wind erosion except ______.
    a) Rock pedestals
    b) Zeugens
    c) Rift valleys
    d) Yardangs

16. Which of the following is not a possible cause of soil erosion?
    a) Afforestation
    b) Deforestation
    c) Bush burning
    d) Overgrazing

17. Köppen’s system of classification is widely accepted over other systems because ______.
    a) No clear distinction of one climate from another
    b) It is very simple to understand
    c) It did not consider climate on the highlands
    d) It is based solely on temperature

18. The meeting point of two different rivers is referred to as the ______ of a river.
    a) Source
    b) Tributary
    c) Confluence
    d) Course

19. The resources that one can get from the forest and savanna for the benefit of man, animals, and plants are referred to as ______.
    a) Vegetation resources
    b) Atmospheric resources
    c) Environmental resources
    d) Land resources

20. Which of the following is a renewable resource?
    a) Coal
    b) Plants
    c) Petroleum
    d) Copper

21. The middle course of a river is characterized by which of the following features?
    a) Waterfalls
    b) Meanders
    c) Rapids
    d) Gorges

22. The process by which a river dissolves soluble materials from its bed and banks is known as ______.
    a) Abrasion
    b) Attrition
    c) Solution
    d) Deposition

23. Which of the following is an example of an atmospheric resource?
    a) Soil
    b) Forest
    c) Air
    d) Gold

24. A landform formed by river deposition is called a ______.
    a) Gorge
    b) Meander
    c) Delta
    d) Canyon

25. Which of the following is a factor affecting the rate of weathering?
    a) Temperature
    b) Altitude
    c) Humidity
    d) All of the above

26. A V-shaped valley is a feature associated with the ______.
    a) Upper course of a river
    b) Middle course of a river
    c) Lower course of a river
    d) Estuary

27. The wind process that involves the lifting and rolling of sand grains along the ground is called ______.
    a) Suspension
    b) Saltation
    c) Traction
    d) Plucking

28. The meeting point of a river and the sea is called the ______.
    a) Source
    b) Mouth
    c) Confluence
    d) Estuary

29. The deposition of eroded materials in the lower course of a river often leads to the formation of ______.
    a) Gorges
    b) Deltas
    c) Rapids
    d) Waterfalls

30. The movement of water from the earth’s surface into the atmosphere is called ______.
    a) Transpiration
    b) Evaporation
    c) Precipitation
    d) Condensation

31. Which of the following is NOT an agent of erosion?
    a) Wind
    b) Water
    c) Gravity
    d) Sunlight

32. The weather instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure is called a ______.
    a) Barometer
    b) Thermometer
    c) Hygrometer
    d) Anemometer

33. Which of the following landforms is NOT produced by wind action?
    a) Rock pedestal
    b) Yardang
    c) Mesa
    d) Zeugen

34. What is the primary source of energy that drives the water cycle?
    a) Wind
    b) Gravity
    c) Sun
    d) Moon

35. Which of the following best describes an oxbow lake?
    a) A U-shaped lake formed by a meandering river
    b) A deep depression formed by glacial erosion
    c) A large body of water formed in a crater
    d) A shallow coastal water body

36. The removal of topsoil by wind or water is called ______.
    a) Leaching
    b) Weathering
    c) Erosion
    d) Transportation

37. Which of the following factors affects the velocity of a river?
    a) Gradient
    b) Load size
    c) Channel shape
    d) All of the above

38. Which of the following processes is responsible for the formation of a delta?
    a) River erosion
    b) River deposition
    c) Wind erosion
    d) Wind deposition

39. Which of these is NOT a type of rainfall?
    a) Convectional rainfall
    b) Orographic rainfall
    c) Cyclonic rainfall
    d) Seasonal rainfall

40. A wind that changes direction seasonally is known as ______.
    a) Harmattan
    b) Monsoon
    c) Trade wind
    d) Westerlies

41. A sudden shaking of the earth’s crust caused by seismic activity is called ______.
    a) Erosion
    b) Earthquake
    c) Volcanic eruption
    d) Landslide

42. Which of the following is NOT a type of erosion?
    a) Rill erosion
    b) Sheet erosion
    c) Gully erosion
    d) Cloud erosion

43. The process of breaking down rocks into smaller particles without changing their chemical composition is called ______.
    a) Physical weathering
    b) Chemical weathering
    c) Biological weathering
    d) Mass wasting

44. A ridge of sand deposited by wind in a desert is called a ______.
    a) Zeugen
    b) Yardang
    c) Sand dune
    d) Inselberg

45. The major process responsible for the formation of caves in limestone regions is ______.
    a) Wind erosion
    b) Chemical weathering
    c) Physical weathering
    d) Deposition

46. The wind belt that dominates the tropical region is called ______.
    a) Polar easterlies
    b) Westerlies
    c) Trade winds
    d) Jet stream

47. The instrument used to measure wind speed is called a ______.
    a) Wind vane
    b) Anemometer
    c) Hygrometer
    d) Barometer

48. The movement of rock debris down a slope due to gravity is known as ______.
    a) Weathering
    b) Mass wasting
    c) Erosion
    d) Deposition

49. The primary source of groundwater is ______.
    a) Evaporation
    b) Precipitation
    c) River flow
    d) Condensation

50. Which of the following factors influences climate the most?
    a) Latitude
    b) Longitude
    c) Soil type
    d) Population density

51. Which of these processes is NOT associated with glacial erosion?
    a) Plucking
    b) Abrasion
    c) Traction
    d) Freeze-thaw

52. The process by which trees release moisture into the atmosphere is called ______.
    a) Evaporation
    b) Condensation
    c) Transpiration
    d) Precipitation

53. The part of the river where sediment is deposited is called the ______.
    a) Source
    b) Mouth
    c) Confluence
    d) Tributary

54. Which of the following statements about deserts is true?
    a) Deserts receive high annual rainfall
    b) Deserts have little or no vegetation
    c) Deserts are always hot
    d) Deserts have no landforms

55. What is the main cause of global warming?
    a) Increase in oxygen levels
    b) Increase in greenhouse gases
    c) Decrease in rainfall
    d) Decrease in atmospheric pressure

56. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tropical rainforests?
    a) High rainfall
    b) High biodiversity
    c) High temperatures
    d) Sparse vegetation

57. The continuous movement of water from the earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back is called the ______.
    a) Rock cycle
    b) Carbon cycle
    c) Water cycle
    d) Nitrogen cycle

58. The gradual wearing away of rocks by wind, water, or ice is called ______.
    a) Deposition
    b) Erosion
    c) Weathering
    d) Condensation

59. Which of these is NOT a major climate zone?
    a) Tropical
    b) Temperate
    c) Submarine
    d) Polar

60. The deflection of winds and ocean currents due to the rotation of the Earth is known as ______.
    a) Coriolis effect
    b) Jet stream
    c) Trade wind
    d) Westerlies

61. The layer of the atmosphere where weather changes occur is called the ______.
    a) Stratosphere
    b) Troposphere
    c) Mesosphere
    d) Thermosphere

62. A seasonal wind that brings heavy rainfall to some regions is called a ______.
    a) Westerly
    b) Monsoon
    c) Trade wind
    d) Harmattan

63. The instrument used to measure relative humidity is called a ______.
    a) Barometer
    b) Anemometer
    c) Hygrometer
    d) Thermometer

64. Which of the following is NOT a process of river erosion?
    a) Hydraulic action
    b) Abrasion
    c) Attrition
    d) Precipitation

65. What type of rainfall occurs when warm air rises over a mountain, cools, and condenses?
    a) Convectional rainfall
    b) Orographic rainfall
    c) Cyclonic rainfall
    d) Seasonal rainfall

66. Which of the following factors affects the volume of a river?
    a) Climate
    b) Vegetation cover
    c) Human activities
    d) All of the above

67. The main process responsible for the formation of a U-shaped valley is ______.
    a) River erosion
    b) Wind erosion
    c) Glacial erosion
    d) Coastal erosion

68. Which of the following is NOT a form of mass movement?
    a) Landslide
    b) Soil creep
    c) Flooding
    d) Rockfall

69. The most effective method of controlling desertification is ______.
    a) Deforestation
    b) Overgrazing
    c) Afforestation
    d) Urbanization

70. Which of the following human activities contributes most to soil erosion?
    a) Mulching
    b) Contour plowing
    c) Overgrazing
    d) Terracing

SECTION B: THEORY QUESTIONS

Instruction: Answer four questions in this section.

1. Environmental Resources

a. What are environmental resources?
b. List three types of environmental resources.
c. Highlight five importance of environmental resources.

2. Running Water and River Features

a. Define the term action of running water.
b. List four factors affecting the velocity of a river.
c. Define the following terms:

• Source of a river
• Mouth of a river
• Confluence of a river
• Tributaries

3. River Transportation and Climate Classification

a. Briefly explain the transportation process of rivers.
b. Highlight five classifications in Köppen’s system of climate classification.

4. Greek Climate Classification

a. Mention three zones of Greek climate classification with two characteristics each.

5. Weathering and Erosion Agents

a. Mention two types of weathering.
b. Outline three agents of each weathering type mentioned above.

Exam Structure Summary

• Section A (Objective): 70 multiple-choice questions covering river processes, climate, erosion, weathering, and geography concepts.
• Section B (Theory): 5 structured questions requiring definitions, lists, explanations, and classifications.