Mastering Argumentative Essays for JSS 3

LESSON PLAN

Subject: English Grammar
Class: JSS 3
Term: First Term
Week: 9
Age: 13-14 years
Topic: Argumentative Essay
Sub-topic: Understanding Argumentative Essays and Claims
Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define an argumentative essay.
2. Identify different types of argument claims.
3. State a position on an issue and provide supporting evidence.
4. Develop structured arguments using claims of fact, definition, value, cause, and policy.

Key Words:

• Argumentative essay
• Claims
• Evidence
• Fact
• Cause and effect

Set Induction:

The teacher will ask students, “Have you ever tried to convince your parents or friends to agree with your opinion? What reasons did you give?” This will introduce the concept of argument and support.

Entry Behaviour:

Students have prior knowledge of writing essays and constructing logical sentences.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Whiteboard and markers
• Newspaper headlines
• Flashcards with argumentative topics

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Students are familiar with expressing opinions in everyday conversations. This lesson will build on their ability to structure arguments formally in writing.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Communication
• Persuasive writing skills

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for English
• “Mastering Argument Writing” by ABC Author

Instructional Materials:

• Sample argumentative essays
• Chart showing types of claims in argumentative writing

Content:

What is an Argumentative Essay?
An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents a clear position on an issue and supports that position with evidence and reasons. The goal is to convince the reader to agree with the writer’s viewpoint.

Types of Argument Claims:

1. Fact: Is it true or not?
   • Example: Climate change is real and is happening now.
2. Definition: What does it really mean?
   • Example: What does freedom of speech mean in the digital age?
3. Value: How important is it?
   • Example: Education is the most important factor for success in life.
4. Cause and Effect: What is the cause? What are the effects?
   • Example: Social media is a major cause of anxiety among teenagers.
5. Policy: What should we do about it?
   • Example: Schools should implement stricter anti-bullying policies to protect students.

Evaluation:

Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct answer:

1. An argumentative essay tries to ______.
   a) tell a story b) explain facts c) persuade the reader
2. A claim of fact asks ______.
   a) Is it true? b) How important is it? c) What should be done?
3. The cause and effect claim explores ______.
   a) What is the cause and result b) What does it mean c) Is it valuable?
4. An example of a policy claim is ______.
   a) “Freedom of speech is vital” b) “Schools should enforce stricter rules” c) “Is climate change real?”
5. In an argumentative essay, you should ______ your position.
   a) defend b) ignore c) change

Class Activity Discussion (FAQs):

1. What is the purpose of an argumentative essay?
   To convince the reader to agree with your position on a topic.
2. What types of claims can you make in an argumentative essay?
   Claims of fact, definition, value, cause and effect, and policy.
3. How does a claim of fact differ from a claim of value?
   A claim of fact asks if something is true, while a claim of value asks how important it is.
4. What is a policy claim?
   A claim that proposes a solution or action.
5. Why do you need to provide evidence in an argumentative essay?
   To support your position and make it convincing to the reader.
6. Can an argumentative essay have multiple types of claims?
   Yes, it can include different types of claims to strengthen the argument.
7. What is the structure of an argumentative essay?
   It includes an introduction, body paragraphs with supporting reasons, and a conclusion.
8. What type of claim would you use to discuss the effects of social media?
   Cause and effect claim.
9. How do you support a claim in an argumentative essay?
   With evidence such as facts, examples, statistics, and expert opinions.
10. What should you include in the conclusion of an argumentative essay?
    A summary of your argument and a call to action.

Presentation:

Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic on essay writing.
Step 2: The teacher introduces the concept of an argumentative essay and explains the different types of claims.
Step 3: The teacher gives examples of each type of claim and shows how they are used in argumentative writing.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explain what an argumentative essay is.
• Discuss the five types of claims and provide examples.
• Guide students in identifying claims in sample argumentative essays.

Learners’ Activities:

• Listen to the teacher’s explanation.
• Practice identifying claims in pairs or groups.
• Write a thesis statement based on a given topic using one of the types of claims.

Assessment:

Students will be assessed on their ability to identify the type of claim in a given argumentative topic and write a thesis statement.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What is the goal of an argumentative essay?
2. What are the five types of argument claims?
3. How do you make a claim of fact?
4. Give an example of a policy claim.
5. What is the importance of evidence in an argumentative essay?
6. How does a claim of value differ from a claim of definition?
7. What type of claim discusses the reasons behind an event?
8. Why is it important to clearly state your position in an argumentative essay?
9. What type of claim would you use for a topic about the meaning of a word?
10. How should you conclude an argumentative essay?

Conclusion:

The teacher goes around to review students’ answers and provides feedback on their thesis statements and understanding of the claims.