Counting of Number . Place Values Roman Figures

Subject : 

Mathematics

Term :

First Term

Week:

Week One

Class :

JSS 1

Previous lesson : 

The pupils have previous knowledge of various topics in their previous classes

Topic :

Counting of Number . Place Values Roman Figures

Behavioural objectives :

At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to

• Write figures in thousands , millions or billions
• expand any given numbers
• calculate the place values of any given number
• express Roman figures in Hindu Arabic numerals
• express figures in Roman figures

 

Instructional Materials :

• Wall charts
• Pictures
• Related Online Video
• Flash Cards
• Abacus
• Numeric Table Chart

Methods of Teaching :

• Class Discussion
• Group Discussion
• Asking Questions
• Explanation
• Role Modelling
• Role Delegation

 

Reference Materials :

• Scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
• Workbooks

 

Content :

 

WEEK ONE

TOPIC: WHOLE NUMBERS

CONTENT

• Introduction
• System of Counting
• Counting in Millions
• Counting in Billions and Trillions

INTRODUCTION

1. Counting

It is likely that mathematics began when people started to count and measure. Counting and measuring are part of everyday life.

Ancient people used fingers and toes to help them count or group numbers in different number bases. This led them to collect numbers in groups: sometimes 5s (fingers of one hand), sometimes 10s (both hands) and even in 20s (hands and feet). When people group numbers in 5s, we say they use a base five method. The most common bases used were five, ten and twenty. For example, a person with thirty two cows would say ‘I have six fives and two cows’ when counting in base ten. The most widely used base is base ten also called the denary system.

Other bases of counting: seven and sixty

7 days = 1 week

60 seconds = 1 minute

60 minutes = 1 hour

In English, ‘dozen’ means 12, ‘score’ means 20 and ‘gross’ means 144

System of Counting

1. Tally System

Tally marks were probably the first numerals.

The ancient people employed tally marks to count large numbers. The tally marks were scratched on stones or sometimes cut on sticks but today we use tally marks to count or record large data, especially in statistics.

A tally mark of 5 is written by putting a line across a tally count of 4.

i.e = 4 and = 5

Example 1

Draw the tally marks for each of the following numbers:

1. 34 (b) 15

Solution

1. 34 =
2. 15 =

EVALUATION

1. During a dry season, it did not rain for 128 days. How many weeks and days is this?
2. What is the number represented by
3. Draw the tally marks for each of the following numbers: (a) 43 (b) 52

 

 

 

 

Roman numerals

The Romans used capital letters of the alphabets to represent numbers. Many people believe that the Romans used the fingers to represent numbers as follows:

I for one finger, II for two fingers, III for three fingers, V for five fingers and X for the combination of two hands ( or two V’s) .

The Roman also used L for fifty, C for hundred, D for five hundred and M for one thousand as shown below.

Hindu-Arabic	Roman Numeral	Hindu-Arabic	Roman Numeral
1	I	20	XX
2	II	40	XL
3	III	50	L
4	IV	60	LX
5	V	90	XC
6	VI	100	C
7	VII	400	CD
8	VIII	500	D
9	IX	900	CM
10	X	1000	M

The Roman used the subtraction and addition method to obtain other numerals. For example

1. IV means V- I i.e. 5- 4 = 4
2. VI means V+ I, i.e. 5 + 1 = 6
3. IX means X- I, i.e. 10 – 1 = 9
4. XXIV means XX + IV = 20 + 4 = 24
5. CD means D- C = 500 – 100 = 400
6. MC means M + C = 1000 + 100 = 1100

Example 1

Change the following numbers to Roman numerals: (a) 2459 (b) 3282

Solution

1. 2459— 2000 = MM

400 = CD

50 = L

9 = IX

2459 = MMCDLIX

1. 3282 = 3000 + 200 + 80 + 2

= MMM CC LXXX II

i.e 3282 = MMMCCLXXXII

EVALUATION

1. Write the following Roman figures in natural ( or counting) numbers:
2. MMMCLIV (b) MMCDLXXI (c) MCMIX (d) DCCCIV
3. Write the following natural numbers in Roman figures:
4. 2659 (b) 1009 (c) 3498 (d) 1584

 

 

 

1. The Counting board

A counting board is a block of stone or wood ruled in columns. Loose counters, pebbles, stones or seeds in the columns show the value of the numbers in the columns.

Counters in the right-hand column (U) represent units, counters in the next column (T) represent tens, and so on.

TH	H	T	U
		●●●	●
	●●	●●●●	●●●●

2 7 5

The diagram below is a counting board showing the number 275.

1. The Abacus

An abacus is a frame consisting of beads or disks that can be moved up or down (i.e. slide) on a series of wires or strings. Each wire has its own value. Both abacus and counting board work in the same way when carrying out calculations.

Example 1

M HTH TH H T U

0

7

3

2

An Abacus showing 2703

1. Place Value of Numbers

Numbers of units, tens, hundreds,…….., are each represented by a single numeral.

(a).For a whole number:

– the units place is at the right-hand end of the number.

– the tens place is next to the units place on the left, and so on

For example: 5834 means ↓

5 thousands, 8 hundreds, 3 tens, and 4 units.

See the illustration below:

5 8 3 4

(b) for decimal fraction, we count the places to the right from the decimal point as tenths, hundredths, thousandths, etc.

See the illustration below:

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

6 . 7 9 8

6 → units

. → decimal

7 → tenths

9 → hundredths

8 → thousandths

Example 1:

What is the place value of each of the following?

1. the 9 in 10269
2. the 2 in 2984

Solution:

1. the 9 in 10269 is = 9 units or nine units
2. the 2 in 2984 is = 2 thousands or two thousands

Example 2

What is the value of each of the following?

1. the 8 in 1.85
2. the 0 in 16.08

Solution:

1. the 8 in 1.85 is = 8 tenths or eight tenths
2. the 0 in 16.08 is =0 in tenths or zero tenths

Example 3

What is the value of each digit in 3 865 742

Solution

3	8		6	5		7	4	2
M	H. Th		T.Th	Th		H	T	U
Digit		Value			Word Form
3		3 000 000			Three million
8		800 000			Eight hundred thousand
6		60 000			Sixty thousand
5		5 000			Five thousand
7		700			Seven hundred
4		40			Forty
2		2			Two

EVALUATION

1 (a) The place value of 5 in 5763 is ……………

(b)What is the place value 1 in 5.691?

2. Give the value of each digit in 489 734

3. Write down the number shown in the following figures:

(a)

READING ASSIGNMENT

• • 1. Essential Mathematics for JSS1 by AJS Oluwasanmi page 3-7
    2. New General Mathematic for Jss1 by M. F. Macrae et al page 17-18.

Counting and Writing in millions, billions and trillions

The figures 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are called digits or units.

The table below gives the names and values of some large numbers.

Name	Value
One thousand	1 000
Ten thousand	10 000
One hundred thousand	100 000
One million	1 000 000
Ten million	10 000 000
One hundred million	100 000 000
One billion	1 000 000 000
One trillion	1 000 000 000 000

Large numbers can be read easily by grouping the digits in threes starting from the right hand side as shown below.

Billion Million TH H T U

25 800 074 4 3 0

The 1^st gap separates hundreds from thousands and the second gap separates thousands from millions and the third gap separates million from billion.

Thus 25 800 074 430 reads twenty five billion, eight hundred million, seventy four thousand, eight hundred and ninety.

Example

Write the following in figures:

1. twelve billion, three hundred and nine million, ninety five thousand, six hundred and sixty three
2. six trillion, four hundred and thirty billion, one hundred and five million, two hundred and one thousand and fifty four
3. nine hundred and four billion, five hundred and forty million, three hundred and seventy thousand, seven hundred and fifty

Solution

1. You can work it out as follows:

Twelve billion	= 12 000 000 000
Three hundred and nine million	= 309 000 000
Ninety five thousand	= 95 000
Six hundred and sixty three	= 663
Adding	= 12 309 095 663

Six Trillion	= 6 000 000 000 000
Four hundred and thirty billion	= 430 000 000 000
One hundred and five million	= 105 000 000
Two hundred and one thousand	= 201 000
Fifty four	= 54
Adding	= 6 430 105 201 054

Nine hundred and four billion	= 904 000 000 000
Five hundred and forty million	= 540 000 000
Three hundred and seventy thousand	= 370 000
Seven hundred and fifty	= 750
Adding	= 904 540 370 750

EVALUATION

1. Write the following in figures:
2. Ninety nine million, eighty thousand, nine hundred and forty one.
3. Fifteen trillion, six hundred and seventy one billion, three hundred and ninety one million, eighty eight thousand, five hundred and fifty five.
4. Write in figures, the number referred to in the statement: Last year a bank made a profit of ‘two hundred and twenty billion, five hundred and one thousand, four hundred and ninety three Naira ( N)

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. The value of 8 in 18214 is (a) 8 units (b) 8 tens ( c) 8 hundreds ( d) 8 thousands (e) 8 ten thousands
2. The Roman numerals CXCIV represents the number (a) 194 (b) 186 (c ) 214 (d) 215 (e) 216.
3. What is the number represented by ? (a) 32 (b) 40 (c) 28 (d) 39
4. The value of 7 in 3.673 is (a) 7tenths (b) 7 hundredths ( c ) 7 units ( d) 7 hundredth.
5. Three million and four in figures is (a) 300004 (b) 300040 (c) 30000004 (d) 3000004

THEORY

• 1. Change this Roman figure to natural numbers

(i) MMCDLXXI (ii) MMMCLIV

1. Write the following in figures:

(a) fifteen trillion, six hundred and seventy one billion, three hundred and ninety one million, eighty eight thousand, five hundred and fifty five.

(b) three hundred and twenty-nine billion, five hundred and sixty two million, eight hundred and one thousand, four hundred and thirty three.

 

 

Presentation

 

The topic is presented step by step

 

Step 1:

The class teacher revises the previous topics

 

Step 2.

He introduces the new topic

 

Step 3:

The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise

 

 

Conclusion

The class teacher wraps up or conclude the lesson by giving out short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.

The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.

He or she does the necessary corrections when and where  the needs arise.