SECOND TERM NOTES JS 3 (BASIC 9) CULTURAL & CREATIVE ARTS

NAME:…………………………………………………………………….CLASS:…………………………….

 

SECOND TERM E-LEARNING NOTES

JS 3 (BASIC 9)

SUBJECT: CULTURAL & CREATIVE ARTS

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC

1. Revision of first term work
2. Design (motifs and Patterns): (Meaning and uses of motif. (b) Formation of patterns (motif(s) from _ nature, abstract (imaginary). (c) Repeat patterns: (1) arrangement of motif(s) to create repetition and rhythm in patterns e.g. all over, counter change, (11) simple- repeat (iii) half drop repeat diamond and others. (iv) brick wall, etc. (d) Transfer motif on fabrics.
3. Lettering: (a) Discuss Stages in the construction of Alphabets –arrangements of letters, 2A ruling, Making, Joining points, Spacing. (b) Uses of the art of lettering. (c) Discuss how to arrange the words to form phrases. (d) Demonstrate how to print the phrases on banner or T-Shirt.
4. Package Design: (a) Functions of package design. (b) Processes involved in package design. (c) Design packages for advertisement.
5. Three Dimensional design- (preparation of clay): (a) Discuss the type of

Clay and their sources- Red, White, Gray, Brown. Depending on their sources (b) mention uses of clay (c) stages in clay preparation.

1. Modeling: (a) clay product (i) household utensils, e.g. plates, cups, (ii) decorations e.g. souvenir, frames, vases, wall hangings, sculpture. (b) Clay preparation (c) mould an object from clay.
2. Exhibition and Display Techniques: (a) preparation of art work for display: mounting screens, labeling, framing, fixing, mounting art works (b) display techniques- categorizing, lighter, design of space, mount screens.
3. Marketing of Art Products: (a) outlets i. marketing art work e.g. shops, hotels, festivals, fairs, etc. (b) sources of funding- non-governmental organizations, parents, relatives, individuals, savings, community organizations, government e.g. small and medium enterprises(SME), national gallery of art (c) ways of marketing products (d) determine price of art work.
4. Introduction to embroidery: (a) Meaning of embroidery (b) embroidery tools and facilities (c) Sources of embroidery design- nature, Environment, Flowers, Trees, Magazines, Gift wrappers (d) methods of transferring designing using; carbon, tracing paper and tracing wheels, pricking, tailors tracking, direct drawing of design.
5. Knitting: (a) Meaning of knitting (b) interpretation of terms use for knitting (c) materials and tools used in knitting (d) basic stitching techniques- pull, knit.
6. Revision
7. Examinations.

WEEK 1

DATE:…………………….

Activity: Revision of second term’s work

WEEK 2

DATE:…………………….

TOPIC: DESIGN (Motifs and Patterns)

CONTENT: I. -meaning and uses of motif

II.-formation of patterns (motifs)

III. -transfer motif on fabrics

Sub-Topic 1: MEANING OF MOTIF

1. It is a unit of design[mediator_tech]
2. It is a single element repeated several times to form a design.

MEANING OF PATTERN

It is an arrangement of regular and repeated motifs so as to create rhythm in lines, shapes, colours and nature.

PATTERN MAKING

It is the art of creating designs on paper or any other surface for various purposes.

FORMATION OF PATTERNS (MOTIFS)

1. NATURE

Motifs that can be obtained from nature are : animals, plants, insects, rock etc

 

1. ABSTRACT/ARTIFICIAL MOTIFS

Abstract motifs can be created from a shape or combinations of different shapes. e g circles , cuboids, cylinders, cones, triangle etc

 

USES OF MOTIF

1. It is used to create textures in designing

ii Motif is used to create rhythmic flow in pattern making

iii It is used to enhance surface designing

iv It is serve as a major theme in pattern making.

REPEAT PATTERN

It is a systematic arrangement of motif in order to achieve rhythm and balance

TYPES OF REPEAT PATTERN

1. Simple repeat pattern
2. Mirror repeat pattern
3. Brick repeat pattern
4. Half drop repeat pattern
5. Diamond repeat pattern
6. Checkerboard repeat pattern

SIMPLE REPEAT PATTERN:

This is a repeat method where motifs are arranged beside each other on each row both vertically and horizontally.

 

MIRROR REPEAT PETTERN: It is a repeat method where motifs are arranged to reflect one another in a design.

 

BRICK REPEAT PATTERN: This is a repeat method where motifs arranged in a brick- laying pattern.

 

HALF DROP REPEAT PATTERN: This is a repeat method that has the motifs arranged in a half drop way in a design

 

DIAMOND REPEAT PATTERN: This is a repeat method that takes after a diamond effect.

The motifs are arranged in angles that are not right angles.

 

CHECKERBOARD REPEAT PETTERN: The motifs are arranged to follow the pattern of a draught. It has equal square space having the motifs placed and coloured alternately in contrasted colours.

 

Sub-Topic 2: TRANSFER MOTIF ON FABRICS

Stencil can be used as a device for duplicating design.

A stencil is a sheet of flat material such as paper with cutout opening.

MATERIALS FOR STENCILING

Pencil, cardboard sheet, paper, a piece of cloth, paint( poster colour, ink, dye), brush ,a piece of foam cutter/razor blade, masking tape ruler, eraser and drawing board

PROCEDURE FOR TRANSFERING MOTIF ON FABRIC/PAPER

1. Make a sketch of your desired motif on a piece of paper. Use a cutter / razor blade to cut through the outline of the motif you have sketched on the cardboard.

2. Tape a sheet of cardboard of your own desire on the drawing board.

1. Use ruler to divide your cardboard paper into squares according to the dimension of your motif.
2. Place the prepared stencil on each square carefully without giving room for shifting.
   1. Apply paint on the surface of the stencil with either a brush or piece of foam.
   2. Allow the print to dry

EVALUATION

1. Mention types of repeat pattern?
2. State uses of motif

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Objective Test:

1. ——- is a unit of design.[mediator_tech]

A. pattern B. Drawing C. Motif D. Painting

1. ——- serves as a major theme in pattern making.

A. Motif B. Pattern C. Packaging D. Drawing

1. The arrangement of motifs creating in a repeated way so as to achieve rhythm and balance is called ——

A. repeat pattern B. Unit pattern C. basic pattern D. Geometrical pattern

1. ——is a repeat method whereby the motifs are arranged to reflect one another in design.

A. Mirror repeat B. Half drop repeat C. simple repeat D. Brick repeat pattern.

1. One is not true of a repeat pattern .

A. Mirror repeat B. Half drop repeat pattern. C. Brick repeat

D Diamond repeat

Essay Test:

1. What is a repeat pattern?
2. State SIX types of repeat pattern.

WEEK 3

TOPIC: LETTERING

CONTENT: 1. LETTERING

2. STAGES IN CONSTRUCTION OF LETTERS

LETTERING:

LETTERING is the art of letter construction of the alphabets from letter A-Z.

TYPES OF LETTERING

i Pen lettering

ii Block lettering

1. PEN LETTERING also known as calligraphy or script lettering

Letters under pen lettering are handwritten not drawn or constructed.

Materials used for pen lettering are

(i) pen (ii) ink (iii) calligraphic pen

BLOCK LETTERING

In block lettering letters are drawn or constructed.

Materials needed: (i) paper (ii) pencil (iii) ruler (iv) cutter (v) Eraser

EXAMPLES OF BLOCK LETTERING

1. Gothic Lettering
2. Roman lettering
3. Italic lettering
4. Text lettering

GOTHIC LETTERING: Gothic letterings are upright letters. They have strokes of equal or uniform thickness.

They have no serif they are also known as old English test.

 

ROMAN LETTERING: This is characterized by thick and this strokes and serif.

Vertical strokes are usually thick while horizontal strokes are thin.

 

ITALIC LETTERING: They are letters that are learning or tilting to the right.

 

TEXT LETTERING: This is the earliest form of lettering. It is full of designs highly ornamental.

Sub-Topic 2: STAGES IN CONSTRUCTION OF LETTERS

i Arrangement of letters- this is necessary to give rhythm and avoid omission.

ii Planning – this is also necessary to enhance or achieve balance

iii Calculation—is necessary to determine the space each letter will occupy.

iv Marking– is identifying the area a letter will occupy in the boxes provided

v joining points—this is the joining of the identified and marked point

together to bring out the form or shape of a letter.

vi Spacing—this gives room for readability.

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD LETTERING

i Legibility: good lettering must be legible or bold

ii Readability: good lettering must be readable.

iii Spacing: good lettering must be well spaced.

iv uniformity: good lettering must be uniform.

v Simplicity: good lettering must be simple.

PRATICAL CONSTRUCTION OF LETTER A-Z

EVALUATION

i What is lettering

ii Mention two types of lettering

READING ASSIGNMENT

S.C Nguma (2010) cultural and creative Art for JSS3 page 55-63

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Objective Test:

1. The art of letter construction is called——-

A Lettering B Mosaic C Script D Gothic

1. One is not true of the characteristic of good lettering.

A. Legibility B Readability C Spacing D Adaptability

1. Another name for pen lettering is called.

A Calligraphy B Text C Gothic D Spacing

1. All are example of block lettering EXCEPT.

A. Gothic B Roman C Italic D India

1. All are materials used for pen lettering EXCEPT.

A. Pen B. Ink C. Calligraphy pen D Ruler

Essay Test:

1. State all the characteristics of good lettering[mediator_tech]
2. i Define lettering

ii State types of lettering.

WEEK 4

Topic: PACKGE DESIGN

Content: 1 Meaning of Package Design ii. Functions of Package Design

2. Process Involved in Package Design

MEANING OF PACKAGE DESIGN

i It is a design done on wrappers that protect some products.

ii It is a paper or polyethylene container or other material beautifully patterned, and specifically design to package a particular product or goods.

FUNCTIONS OF PACKAGE DESIGN

i It is used for advertisement.

ii It is used for protection of the products

iii It is for durability especially during transportation and storage.

iv It is used to arouse interest in a product package.

v It enhances patronage.

vi. It create awareness about a product.

Sub-Topic 2: PROCESS INVOLVED IN PACKAGE DESIGN

Step i Make thumbnail sketches/rough layout

Step ii Select desired design among the several sketches prepared.

Step iii Measure out the dimension

Step iv Develop the desired design.

Step v carefully cut out the finished package design.

Step vi Fold the package and used adhesive to gum the flaps

TRADE LABEL: These are pieces of paper, rubber or any materials pasted or placed on products with some information about the product and the manufacturer.

PRATICAL: Design packages for advertisement.

EVALUATION

i what is trade label?

Ii what is package design?

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

Objective Test:

i A design done on wrappers that protect some products is called—-

A Package design B. Shoe design C Cloth design D paper design

ii Package designs are usually done on —

A Product B. Stone. C. Billboard D. Food crop

iii. One is not true of functions of package design.

A It enhances patronage

B It is used for advertisement

C It is used for the protection of products.

D It makes the product cheaper

Essay Test:

1. States the function of package design
2. What are the processes involved in package design.

WEEK 5

Topic: THREE DIMENSIONAL DESIGN

CONTENT: 1. Types of Clay

2. Uses of Clay

 

WHAT IS CLAY[mediator_tech]

i Clay is a material used in making pots and moulding things.

ii Clay is an earthly material which becomes soft and sticky when wet.

TYPES OF CLAY

• Primary clay
• Secondary clay

Primary (residual clay) is the type of clay dug up or collected from the original site of formation.

Primary clays are formed at the base of the parent rock.

Secondary (transported clay) It is the type of clay that has been moved from the site or spot of formation.

Secondary clay can also be define as the type of clay that are formed far from the parent rock having been transported by running water or wind.

PROPERTIES OF CLAY

1. Plasticity—It can be stretched, twisted, bent and it is malleable.
2. Shrinkage—-It can reduce in size when drying
3. It can break when exposed to weather.
4. Clay contains very fine particles.
5. Clay can become soft and sticky when wet
6. Clay can be as hard as stone when fired.
7. Clay can easily dissolve in water
8. Clay can also be easily grounded.
9. Clay has the ability to absorb water.
10. Secondary clay turns brick-red when fired.

TYPES OF CLAY WHERE FOUND

1. Red hillsides
2. Brown hillsides
3. Grey Swampy area
4. White ( kaolin) Original parent rocks

Sub-Topic 2: USES OF CLAY

1. Used for pottery wares
2. Used for produce sculptures
3. Used to produce bricks
4. Used as separator and binder in casting
5. Used to produce musical instrument like the “ UDU”
6. Used as an insulator.
7. It can serves as medicine since it’s contains vitamins and minerals.
8. It can be used as chalk for writing.
9. It can be used as a source of colour for painters.

STAGES IN CLAY PREPARATION

Clay could be prepared in two ways to remove the impurities. These two ways are the WET AND DRY METHODS.

 

EVALUATION

1. Define clay
2. State TWO types of clay

READING ASSIGNMENT.

Cultural and creative Arts for Junior secondary schools by S.C. Nguma et-al. page 64-66.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Objective Test:

1. Another name for primary clay is —

A. Residual B Transported C. Biological D Economical

1. Another name for secondary clay is ——

A. Residual B. Transported C. Ecology D. Strawboard

1. The type of clay dug up or collected from the original site of formation is called —–

A. Secondary clay B Primary Clay C. Biological clay D. Optimum clay

1. The Type of clay that are formed far from the parent rock having been transported by running water or wind is called—–

A Secondary clay B Primary clay C Optimum clay

D Biological clay

1. One of the properties of clay that reduce in size when drying is called

A Shrinkage B Plasticity C Elasticity D Epistemology

Essay Test:

1. State the properties of clay
2. State the uses of clay

WEEK 6

TOPIC: MODELING (Practical Work)

Sub-Topic 1: Clay Products

Modeling is the art of making or moulding wares or figures with materials. Modeling involves the use of clay, plasticine, papier mache etc.

CLAY PRODUCTS

Some clay products include plates, cups, jugs, bowls, pots, vase

DECORATION

Clay wares are decorated in different ways and stages. You can decorate wares while still wet in any or a combination of these methods:[mediator_tech]

1. Impressed decoration: hard tool is pressed on wet clay work for pattern.
2. Incised decoration: the use of sharp tool to engrave design.
3. Applied decoration: strings, roll and bits of clay could be attached to the pot as decoration.
4. Slip decoration: Liquid clay (slip) could be rubbed over the pot as design.

CLAY PREPARATION

Clay could be prepared in two ways to remove impurities. These are the wet and dry methods

Wet method

1. Soak raw clay in a container for days.
2. Stir thoroughly until it reaches the cream-like consistency called slip.
3. Pour through the sieve to remove particles and pebbles known as foreign bodies
4. Allow to dry to a point where it can be handled without sticking to the fingers.

Dry method

1. Spread the clay in an open air to dry thoroughly.
2. Pound the clay with mortar and pestle
3. Remove foreign bodies like pebbles and stones with sieve.
4. Mix the powdered clay with small quantity of water.

EVALUATION

1. What is modeling?
2. List two examples of clay products
3. Highlight an example of clay decoration

SUB TOPIC 2: MOULDING OBJECTS FROM CLAY

Students should be guided in practical modeling class

READING ASSIGNMENT

Bayo Okunlola et al (2012) Cultural and Creative Art for JSS Three Pages (47-50)

PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENT

1. With the use of clay mould one of the following

Jug, cup, tortoise and snails

WEEK 7

TOPIC: EXHIBITION AND DISPLAY TECHNIQUES

CONTENT: 1. Preparation of artwork for display

1. Display techniques

Exhibition is the art of displaying artworks for people to appreciate and purchase. Exhibitions have become the accepted and standard way of displaying artworks for public or special audience viewing. Each artwork in an exhibition is called an exhibit.

Sub-Topic 1: PREPARATION OF ARTWORK

Artworks have to be prepared and made presentable to meet exhibition goals. These steps include: fixing, mounting, framing and labeling

1. Fixing: This is usually the first step in preserving charcoal, pencil, pastel and poster color works. Fixing is the application of transparent coat over the artwork. The substance used in fixing is called fixative. It prevents smuldging and gives some protection to the artworks.
2. Paper stretching: This is part of framing and mainly for paper works. It means gumming or sticking to a board. Affordable mounts are usually colored cardboard sheets. These stuck colored sheets most times replace framing of artworks. Professional artists use special materials that are thicker than ordinary cardboard sheets.
3. Framing: This means the same as framing a photograph. For paper works, glass is also added. Canvas and boards, usually large in size, they do not need glass and are only framed directly.
4. Labeling: This means writing the title of the artwork and also crediting it to the artist. Labeling also include the years of production and medium used.
5. Mounting: it is the final stage when artworks are hung. This can be on walls or on erected stands and pedestals. Arrangement of artworks begins with the largest to the smaller works. sometimes, works are grouped attractively. Choices are made about color relationships, dominance and how to move the viewers’ attention around.

EVALUATION

1. Define exhibition in art
2. What is an exhibit?
3. Mention and explain two stages in preparing artworks for exhibition

Sub-Topic 2: DISPLAY TECHNIQUES

Different techniques or methods are used in displaying artworks. This depends on the artists, the artworks and the reason for the display. Some of these techniques include; categorizing, space, screens/partitions and lighting.

Successful display would make it easy for viewers to:

• Look closely and critically at artworks
• Be able to differentiate between categories of artworks
• Find the display attractive and interesting
• Make some sense out of what they see.

Categorizing: Planning exhibition through categorization creates variety and variation. The categories include;

1. Exhibition as mainly display of artworks

The focus of this approach is what is displayed. A lot of emphasis is placed on what the works are and how they are presented. This is where good artworks speak for themselves.

1. Exhibition as an educational exercise

All exhibitions usually have a central theme, subject matter or topic that defines them. When an exhibition functions as a communicator of ideas, it seeks to convey additional messages. It provides new information or new ways of seeing information. In such exhibition, the focus of the is the set of messages.

1. Exhibition as a forum for interaction

This approach is meant for children or where practical experiences are to be shared. Art is used here to encourage scientific and technological activities.

1. Exhibition as an environment

Artworks in this type of exhibition help recreate a specific place, an environment. It might be village life, a fishing community or desert dwellings.

1. Exhibition as a feeling

Another approach is communicating feelings. To encourage charity work an exhibition can depict the feeling of being without (poor). Such artworks would emphasize the pain of hunger, sickness and poverty.

Space: where to display finished artworks is also very important. In schools much improvisation has to take place. This is because halls meant primarily for something else are temporarily used. Surfaces and walls have to be cleaned and sometimes painted.

Screens/partitions

Sometimes partitions have to be made and screens come in handy. This also involves a lot of improvisation.

Lighting: This is about giving the exhibitons proper brightness through appropriate lights. Depending on what is to be displayed, plans for proper lighting are important.

EVALUATION:

1. Mention four display techniques in exhibition.
2. Highlight three methods of categorizing artworks in exhibition.
3. Why is lighting important in exhibition?

READING ASSIGNMENT

S.C. Nguma (2010) Cultural and Creative Art for JSS book 3 pages 68-74

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

Objective Test:

1. The art of displaying artworks for people to appreciate and purchase is known as … A. exhibition B. communication C. management D. selling[mediator_tech][mediator_tech]
2. One of the following is not a step in preparing artworks for exhibition A. pushing B. fixing C. mounting D. labeling
3. Labeling of artworks involves the writing of A. title of work B. artist’s name C. price of work D. date of production
4. A substance sprayed on charcoal or pastel work is known as A. raid B. gum C. acrylic D. fixative
5. ……. Is a person who takes care of artworks in a museum A. manager B. curator C. draughtsman D. museumist

Essay Test:

1. State four categories in which artworks can be exhibited
2. List five materials needed for art exhibition

WEEK 8

TOPIC: MARKETING OF ART PRODUCTS

CONTENT: 1.Marketing Outlets

2. Sources of Funding

1. Ways of Marketing products
2. Determining Price of Artworks

MARKETING OUTLETS

The marketing of art products is unique because artworks have no fixed prices like any other products. A lot of factors determine the price of an artwork. One of these factors is the level or standard of the artist. For example, a well-known artist would give a higher price than an unknown one.

Marketing outlets

Artworks can be sold in the supermarket, shops, hotels, trade fairs, galleries and other special exhibition centres.

Source of Funding Art Production

These are some sources of funding art business:

1. Non-governmental organization: There are non-governmental organization that committed to the growth of art in the country. They are ready to finance exhibition, production as well as marketing of genuine artworks.
2. Individual savings: Personal income saved over a period of time can be used as start-up capital for the business.
3. Parent and relatives: Capitals can be raised by borrowing from parents, friends and relatives.
4. Financial institution: Capitals can be obtained as a form load from banks to fund art business.
5. Government: Through some government agencies such as National Gallery of Art (NGA), National Commission for Museum and Monuments (NCCM) etc. loans are released to people as a support to a particular scheme. Also, Small and Medium Enterprises (SME), National Directorate of Employment (NDE) release funds to unemployed graduates, among others so as to set up small scale businesses.

EVALUATION

1. List two outlets for marketing art products.
2. State three sources of funding art business.

Sub-Topic 2: WAYS OF MARKETING ART PRODUCTS

1. Trade fair: This is an event where different companies and individuals display and sell their goods. Trade fairs are avenues that can be explored by artists to sell their products, contacts can also be made with prospective customers.
2. Hotels: Most hotels patronize artists by buying their artworks to decorate the hotels. Some hotels make provision for arts and craft shops in their premises where visitors buy artworks.
3. Supermarket: In various supermarkets, a section can be used to display artworks such as crafts, painting, textile design and customized gift items.
4. Festivals; The National Festival of Art and Culture (NAFEST) and some other cultural festivals such as Argungun fishing festival, Osun festival etc. can be used for marketing art products. For example branded T-shirts, caps, printed postcards and calendars could be displayed for sale.
5. Art Exhibitions: Artists make use of art exhibitions to showcase and market their creative works. This can either be one-man or group exhibition.
6. Individual Collectors and Dealers: Some individuals are connoisseurs. These individuals buy works of art from artists based on their taste. Artists contact these individuals in order to sell their works.
7. Galleries/Museums: Galleries serve as places where artists showcase their works to the public. Art lovers visit galleries to buy works of art such as paintings, crafts and sculptures. Though artworks in museums are not meant for sale, some museums have provision for art and crafts shops within the premises.

Determining Price of Artworks

Artists throw in their hearts and souls into the making of creative works. At times, they are awake at night so as to avoid distractions as well as to meet up with their customers’ demands. There are factors that determine the prices for artworks. The factors that determine the prices of artworks include the following;

1. The media used: The materials used to create an artwork will determine its price. Since there are varieties of materials which could be used in making artworks, each of these materials has a price attached to it, and all of them will have an impact on the price of the artwork.
2. Size of the Artwork: Bigger artworks such as sculpture, painting and ceramic will typically be costlier than smaller pieces.
3. Cost of Transportation: In the overall charging an artist needs to consider the cost of transporting his works to the buyer.
4. Time Spent in Production; an artist should consider treating himself as an artwork employee by setting a reasonably hourly rate for himself on the work being produced. For example, if a painting took you twenty hours to complete, and you have set your hourly rate at one thousand naira. If your materials for this work cost ten thousand naira, then the price of the work will be thirty thousand naira.

EVALUATION

1. Describe two ways art products can be marketed.
2. State two factors that can determine the price of an artwork.

READING ASSIGNMENT

S.C. Nguma (2010) Cultural and Creative Art for JSS Book 3 pages 75-78

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Objective Test:

1. Artworks can be sold in the following place except A. hotel B. space C. supermarket D. shop
2. NGA means A. northern Great Alliance B. Nigeria Greenwich Association C. National Golf Association D. National Gallery of Art
3. The art of displaying artworks for people to see and buy is known as A. elimination B. improvisation C. exhibition D. desecration
4. One of the following is not a factor for determining the price of artworks A. time spent B. cost of transportation C. size of work D. the height of the artist
5. ……… is a notable festival in kebbi state A. osun B. argungun C. eyo D. ogun

Essay Test:

1. State three sources of funding art business.
2. Outline the factors for determining the price of artworks.

WEEK 9

TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO EMBROIDERY

CONTENT: 1.Meaning of embroidery

1. Sources of embroidery
2. Methods of transferring design

Sub-Topic 1: MEANING OF EMBROIDERY

Embroidery is art of making design on cloth with colorful threads. It is a craft for both men and women. This craft is done mostly on textile surface with needle and colorful threads. Embroidery is practiced on a large scale in many African countries like Nigeria among communities of the Hausa/Fulani, Nupe, Yoruba, Igbo etc. There are two types of embroidery; handicraft and machine produced embroidery. Materials needed are needle, threads, paper or carbon paper.

Sources of Embroidery

Embroidery designs are derived from nature, flowers, environment and spider works.

EVALUATION

1. What is embroidery?
2. List two materials for embroidery design.

Sub-Topic 2: METHODS OF TRANSFERRING DESIGN

1. Draw the design on paper.
2. Place carbon in between the paper and the cloth
3. Transfer the design by tracing it.
4. Sew thread along the line of design.

EVALUATION[mediator_tech]

1. State the processed involved in transferring design on cloth

READING ASSIGNMENT

S. C. Nguma (2010) Cultural and creative Art for JSS Book 3 pages 80-81

Bayo Okunlola (2009) Cultural and Creative Arts for JSS Book 3 page 53

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

Objective Test:

1. Embroidery is art of making design on cloth with colorful ……. A. threads B. bars C. knife D. candle
2. One of the following is not a source of embroidery design A. nature B. flowers C. environment D. spirit
3. One of the follow is not a process in transferring design on fabrics A. placing carbon in between paper and fabric B. drawing the pattern C. boiling the water D. sewing along the line of design
4. All are embroidery design except A. sieve B. needle C. thread D. carbon

Essay Test:

1. State the process in transferring embroidery design on fabric

WEEK 10

TOPIC: KNITTING

CONTENT: 1. Meaning of knitting

1. Interpretation of terms used in knitting
2. Material and tools used in knitting
3. Basic stitching techniques

Sub-Topic 1: MEANING OF KNITTING

Knitting is the art of making garments, fabrics by interlocking loops of one or more yarns either by hand with knitting needles or with machines. It is a method by which thread or yarn may be turned into cloth.

Knitting materials

1. Wool
2. Scissors
3. Tape rule
4. Knitting needle

Hand knitting consists of loop called stitches which are pulled through each other. The active stitches are held on a needle until another loop can be passed through them. Examples of hand knitted works include cardigan, or sweaters, shawls, antimacassar, socks, hats, blankets etc. Materials required are: knitting needle and thread or wool.

Machine knitting: Is used to produce lace materials. There are two types namely: weft knitting and warp knitting.

1. Weft knitting: The yarn runs horizontally or the walls are perpendicular to the course of the yarn.
2. Warp knitting: Is the opposite of the weft knitting. Thus the yarn runs vertically.

BASIC STITCHING TECHNIQUES

1. Crocheting

It is also a form of needle work by which fabrics are created from yarn or thread using a crochet hook. Crocheting is similar to knitting. The difference is that only one loop is active at a time in crocheting and a crochet hook is used instead of a needle. Crocheting fabric begins by placing a slip-knot loop on the hook to create a chain of a suitable length.

1. Macramé

Macramé is French word meaning the art of tying string in patterns to make things. It is a form of textile making using knotting rather than weaving or knitting. The finished product gives an impression of a lace material. It is made from twine or yarn, cotton, hemp and sometimes jewelry is often made in combination of both the knots and various beads which may be in wood or glass.

EVALUATION

1. What is knitting?
2. List three knitting materials

READING ASSIGNMENT

S.C. Nguma (2010) Cultural and Creative Art for JSS Book 3 page 80-81

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Objective Test

1. ……. is the art of making garments, fabrics by interlocking loops of one or more yarns either by hand with knitting needles or with machines. A. moulding B. carving C. shading D. knitting
2. Which of these is not a knitting material? A. scissors B. wool C. a leaf D. tape rule
3. A type of knitting where the yarn runs horizontally or the walls are perpendicular to the course of the yarn is known as A. weft B. star C. warp D. donkey
4. One of the following is a basic stitching technique A. ranging B. blending C. swinging D. crocheting
5. Which of these is not a product of hand knitting? A. cardigan B. ball C. socks D. hats

Essay Test:

1. Define knitting.[mediator_tech]
2. Describe macramé as a knitting technique.

WEEK 11 REVISION

WEEK 12 EXAMINATION