PRIMARY 4 THIRD TERM LESSON NOTES COMPUTER STUDIES ICT
COMPUTER SCIENCE LESSON ICT COMPUTER PRIMARY 4 THIRD TERM
WEEK 1
Revision Test
1. A computer is an electronic device that can __________ information.
a) store
b) analyze
c) process
d) all of the above
2. The main components of a computer system are the __________, __________, __________, and __________.
a) CPU, RAM, mouse, keyboard
b) monitor, printer, scanner, CPU
c) mouse, keyboard, speakers, CPU
d) CPU, monitor, keyboard, mouse
3. A program is a set of __________ that tells the computer what to do.
a) buttons
b) instructions
c) colors
d) pictures
4. The keyboard is an input device that allows us to __________ information into the computer.
a) type
b) see
c) hear
d) print
5. The monitor is an output device that displays __________ and __________ from the computer.
a) sounds, videos
b) images, text
c) programs, data
d) websites, games
6. The internet is a global __________ of interconnected computers.
a) web
b) network
c) cloud
d) server
7. A website is a collection of __________ that can be accessed through the internet.
a) pictures
b) programs
c) web pages
d) videos
8. A computer virus is a __________ program that can harm your computer.
a) helpful
b) useful
c) destructive
d) colorful
9. Saving your work frequently helps to __________ it from being lost.
a) display
b) delete
c) protect
d) share
10. The process of copying files from a computer to a USB flash drive is called __________.
a) downloading
b) uploading
c) deleting
d) copying
11. A folder is a virtual container used to __________ files on a computer.
a) organize
b) delete
c) hide
d) edit
12. A mouse is a pointing device that helps us __________ with objects on the computer screen.
a) play
b) talk
c) interact
d) watch
13. RAM stands for __________.
a) Random Access Memory
b) Read-Only Memory
c) Remote Access Modem
d) Reliable Antivirus Mechanism
14. The CPU is also known as the __________ of the computer.
a) brain
b) screen
c) speaker
d) printer
15. An email is a way to send and receive __________ electronically.
a) letters
b) gifts
c) money
d) messages
[mediator_tech]
WEEK 2
Topic: Booting the computer
Subtitle : Meaning of booting the computer
Learning Objectives:At the end of this this lesson,pupils should be able to:
1. Define booting the computer
2. State the types of booting
Resources and materials:
Scheme of work
Online information
Instructional material: A functional computer system.
Building Background/connection to prior knowledge: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.
CONTENT
MEANING OF BOOTING
booting is the process of starting a computer. It can be initiated by hardware such as a button press, or by a software command
Types of Booting
1) Warm Booting: when the System Starts from the Starting or from initial State Means when we Starts our System this is called as warm Booting. In the Warm Booting the System will be Started from its beginning State means first of all, the user will press the Power Button , then this will read all the instructions from the ROM and the Operating System will b Automatically gets loaded into the System.
2) Cold Booting: The Cold Booting is that in which System Automatically Starts when we are Running the System, For Example due to Light Fluctuation the system will Automatically Restarts So that in this Chances Damaging of system are More. and the System will no be start from its initial State So May Some Files will b Damaged because they are not Properly Stored into the System.
Strategies& Activities:
Step :Teacher revises the previous topic.
Step 2:Teacher introduces the new topic.
Step3:Teacher explains the new topic.
Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils questions.
Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.
Assessment & Evaluation:
1. Define booting the computer
2. State the types of booting
WRAP UP(CONCLUSION) Teacher goes over the topic once again for better understanding.
Assignment:
1. Define booting.
2. State the 2 types of booting.
[mediator_tech]
1. Booting is the process of __________ a computer.
a) shutting down
b) restarting
c) starting
d) upgrading
2. Warm booting refers to starting the system from its __________ state.
a) current
b) final
c) initial
d) previous
3. In warm booting, the operating system is automatically __________ into the system.
a) deleted
b) updated
c) installed
d) loaded
4. Cold booting occurs when the system __________ restarts.
a) automatically
b) frequently
c) irregularly
d) intentionally
5. Cold booting can be caused by __________ fluctuations.
a) light
b) temperature
c) power
d) network
6. In cold booting, there is a higher chance of __________ to the system.
a) upgrading
b) repairing
c) damaging
d) enhancing
7. Cold booting does not start the system from its __________ state.
a) current
b) final
c) initial
d) previous
8. Warm booting involves the user pressing the __________ button to initiate the process.
a) power
b) restart
c) reset
d) shutdown
9. In warm booting, the instructions are read from the __________.
a) CPU
b) ROM
c) RAM
d) hard drive
10. Warm booting ensures that the system starts from the __________ state.
a) final
b) previous
c) initial
d) current
11. Cold booting may result in __________ files.
a) deleted
b) damaged
c) recovered
d) upgraded
12. Cold booting occurs when the system is __________ running.
a) not
b) continuously
c) intermittently
d) efficiently
13. Warm booting is also known as a __________ restart.
a) soft
b) hard
c) smooth
d) quick
14. The power button is pressed during __________ booting.
a) warm
b) cold
c) slow
d) automatic
15. Cold booting can lead to the loss of __________ stored in the system.
a) data
b) power
c) memory
d) speed
[mediator_tech]
WEEK 3&4
Topic: Booting the computer
Subtitle : Meaning of booting the computer
Learning Objectives:At the end of this this lesson,pupils should be able to:
1. Define booting the computer
2. State the types of booting
Resources and materials:
Scheme of work
Online information
Instructional material: A functional computer system.
Building Background/connection to prior knowledge: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.
CONTENT
TYPES OF BOOTING
Cold Boot: when the user switches on a computer after it has been power off completely,
Warm Boot: when the user restarts the computer.
When the booting process takes place, it copies kernel and important instructions of an operating system from hard disk to main memory (RAM). The kernel is the most important part of the operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains computer clock, starts applications.
It assigns compute resources like devices, programs, data, and information also. The kernel also remains in memory permanently when the computer starts.
Steps In the Booting Process
Booting is a process of switching on the computer and starting the operating system. Six steps of the booting process are BIOS and Setup Program, The Power-On-Self-Test (POST), The Operating System Loads, System Configuration, System Utility Loads and Users Authentication.
booting process
1: BIOS and Setup Program
2: The Power-On-Self-Test (POST)
3: The Operating System (OS) Loads
4: System Configuration
5: System Utility Loads
6: Users Authentication
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Step 1: BIOS and Setup Program
ROM (read-only memory): it is a permanent and unchanging memory also
BIOS (basic input/output system ): the part of the system software that includes the instructions that the computer uses to accept input and output
Load: to transfer from a storage device to memory. The ROM loads BIOS into the computer’s memory
Setup program: a special program containing settings to control hardware. Furthermore, the program can only be accessed while the BIOS information is visible
Step 2: The Power-On-Self-Test (POST)
POST (Power-On Self-Test): a series of tests conducted on the computer’s main memory, input/output devices, disk drives, and the hard disk.
BIOS conducts Power-On-Self-Test to check the input/ output system for operability.
The computer will produce a beeping sound if any problem occurs. An error message will also appear on the monitor
Step 3: The Operating System (OS) Loads
BIOS searches for the operating system.
Setting in CMOS: complementary metal oxide semiconductor determines where to look for the operating system.
In this step, the operating system’s kernel is also loaded into the computer’s memory.
The operating system takes control of the computer and begins loading system configuration information.
Step 4: System Configuration
Registry: a database to store information about peripherals and software
Peripheral: a device connected to a computer
Drive: a utility program that makes peripheral devices function properly
The operating system’s registry configures the system.
In this step, drivers are also loaded into memory.
Step 5: System Utility Loads
System utilities are loaded into memory.
Volume control
Antivirus software
PC card unplugging utility
Step 6: Users Authentication Authentication or user login occurs
Username
Password
After all this process, the user interface starts, enabling user interaction with the computer and its programs also.
Strategies& Activities:
Step :Teacher revises the previous topic.
Step 2:Teacher introduces the new topic.
Step 3:Teacher explains the new topic.
Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils questions.
Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.
Assessment & Evaluation:
1. Define booting the computer
2. State the types of booting
WRAP UP(CONCLUSION) Teacher goes over the topic once again for better understanding.
Assignment:
1. Define booting.
2. State the 2 types of booting.
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[mediator_tech]
1. Cold booting occurs when the user switches on a computer after it has been __________.
a) powered on
b) restarted
c) powered off
d) upgraded
2. Warm booting takes place when the user __________ the computer.
a) shuts down
b) restarts
c) upgrades
d) repairs
3. During the booting process, the operating system copies the kernel and important instructions from the __________ to main memory.
a) monitor
b) keyboard
c) hard disk
d) printer
4. The kernel is responsible for managing __________ and devices.
a) files
b) memory
c) programs
d) colors
5. The booting process begins with the __________ and Setup Program.
a) BIOS
b) operating system
c) user authentication
d) system configuration
6. ROM stands for __________.
a) Read-Only Memory
b) Random-Access Memory
c) Read-and-Write Memory
d) Refresh-On-Memory
7. The Power-On-Self-Test (POST) checks the computer’s __________, input/output devices, disk drives, and the hard disk.
a) software
b) internet connection
c) printer settings
d) memory
8. The BIOS conducts the POST to check the __________ system for operability.
a) input/output
b) antivirus
c) network
d) operating
9. The operating system loads into the computer’s memory during the __________ step.
a) BIOS and Setup Program
b) Power-On-Self-Test (POST)
c) System Configuration
d) System Utility Loads
10. The operating system’s kernel takes control of the computer and begins loading __________ information.
a) hardware
b) software
c) user authentication
d) system configuration
11. The system configuration is stored in the __________.
a) CPU
b) RAM
c) registry
d) monitor
12. System utilities, such as volume control and antivirus software, are loaded into __________.
a) the hard disk
b) the keyboard
c) memory
d) the printer
13. User authentication occurs during __________.
a) BIOS and Setup Program
b) Power-On-Self-Test (POST)
c) System Configuration
d) Users Authentication
14. During user authentication, the user is required to enter a __________ and __________.
a) username, password
b) email, password
c) name, address
d) phone number, PIN
15. After the booting process, the user interface starts, enabling user interaction with the computer and its __________.
a) operating system
b) booting process
c) kernel
d) programs
[mediator_tech]
WEEK 5
Topic: Data
Subtitle : Meaning and Types of data
Learning Objectives:At the end of this this lesson,pupils should be able to:
1. Define data
2. State the type of data
Resources and materials:
Scheme of work
Online information
Instructional material: A functional computer system.
Building Background/connection to prior knowledge: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.
CONTENT
DATA
Data is a raw facts that need to be processed. it is called raw and unorganized facts. It is useless until it is processed and well organized.
TYPES OF DATA
1 numerical data: These are mainly numbers such as 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
2. Alphabetical data: These are mainly letters A_Z and other words formed these letters e.g father,mother, aunt, sister,friend etc
3. Alphanumeric data: Alphanumeric means numbers, alphabet and special characters.
Examples are:
2004 General election
Russia 2019
2019/2020 Academic session
Strategies& Activities:
Step :Teacher revises the previous topic.
Step 2:Teacher introduces the new topic.
Step3:Teacher explains the new topic.
Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils questions.
Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.
Assessment & Evaluation:
1. Define data
2. State the type of data
WRAP UP(CONCLUSION) Teacher goes over the topic once again for better understanding.
Assignment:
1. Define data
2. State the type of data.
[mediator_tech]
1. Information is stimuli that has __________ in some context for its receiver.
a) color
b) shape
c) meaning
d) sound
2. When information is entered into and stored in a computer, it is generally referred to as __________.
a) output
b) data
c) stimuli
d) context
3. After processing, output data can be perceived as __________.
a) hardware
b) software
c) information
d) database
4. The three types of information are oral, written, and __________.
a) visual
b) digital
c) electronic
d) tactile
5. An electronic information system is designed to store information from __________ sources.
a) internal and external
b) personal and public
c) local and global
d) online and offline
6. The purpose of an electronic information system is to facilitate better __________ making.
a) memory
b) communication
c) decision
d) calculation
7. In an electronic information system, data is collated in a __________.
a) spreadsheet
b) database
c) presentation
d) document
8. Users can access the files in an electronic information system to glean better __________.
a) knowledge
b) entertainment
c) instructions
d) data
9. The information stored in an electronic information system can be related to __________ aspects.
a) social
b) emotional
c) physical
d) abstract
10. An electronic information system can support a firm’s __________ operations.
a) financial
b) marketing
c) manufacturing
d) all of the above
11. An electronic information system can include fiscal, social, economic, scientific, or __________ data.
a) historical
b) cultural
c) political
d) technical
12. In an electronic information system, the data is stored in a __________.
a) cloud
b) spreadsheet
c) database
d) document
13. Electronic information systems are designed to help users make __________ decisions.
a) accurate
b) quick
c) random
d) informed
14. An electronic information system can provide data for __________ purposes.
a) entertainment
b) educational
c) recreational
d) artistic
15. The main goal of an electronic information system is to provide __________ information.
a) organized
b) irrelevant
c) unimportant
d) hidden
[mediator_tech]
WEEK 6
Topic: Data
Subtitle: Meaning and Types of data
Learning Objectives:At the end of this this lesson,pupils should be able to:
1. Define data
2. State the type of data
Resources and materials:
Scheme of work
Online information
Instructional material: A functional computer system.
Building Background/connection to prior knowledge: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.
CONTENT
MEANING OF INFORMATION
Information is stimuli that has meaning in some context for its receiver. When information is entered into and stored in a computer, it is generally referred to as data. After processing (such as formatting and printing), output data can again be perceived as information
TYPES OF INFORMATION
• Oral information
• Written information
• Electronic information
ELECTRONIC INFORMATION SYSTEM: A system which stores information from internal and external sources to facilitate better decision making. The data is collated in a database and the user can access the files to glean better information as a basis for decision. The system may include fiscal, social, economic, scientific or technical data geared to support a firm’s operations
Strategies& Activities:
Step :Teacher revises the previous topic.
Step 2:Teacher introduces the new topic.
Step 3:Teacher explains the new topic.
Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils questions.
Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.
Assessment & Evaluation:
1. Define data
2. State the type of data
WRAP UP(CONCLUSION) Teacher goes over the topic once again for better understanding.
Assignment:
WEEK 7&8
Topic: Data
Subtitle : sources of information
Learning Objectives:At the end of this this lesson,pupils should be able to:
1. Define data
2. State the sources of information
Resources and materials:
Scheme of work
Online information
Instructional material: A functional computer system.
Building Background/connection to prior knowledge: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.
CONTENT
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Information can come from virtually anywhere — media, blogs, personal experiences, books, journal and magazine articles, expert opinions, encyclopedias, and web pages — and the type of information you need will change depending on the question you are trying to answer. Look at the following sources of information.
Books
Encyclopedias
Magazines
Databases
Newspapers
Library Catalog
Internet
Television
Radio
Computer.
Strategies& Activities:
Step :Teacher revises the previous topic.
Step 2:Teacher introduces the new topic.
Step 3:Teacher explains the new topic.
Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils questions.
Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.
Assessment & Evaluation:
1. Define data
2. State the sources of information
WRAP UP(CONCLUSION) Teacher goes over the topic once again for better understanding.
Assignment:
1. Define data
2. State the sources of information
[mediator_tech]
1. Information can come from various sources, such as media, blogs, personal experiences, books, journal and magazine articles, expert opinions, encyclopedias, and __________.
a) databases
b) television
c) newspapers
d) libraries
2. Books are a valuable source of __________.
a) entertainment
b) information
c) communication
d) advertising
3. Encyclopedias provide __________ information on various subjects.
a) current
b) detailed
c) fictional
d) visual
4. Magazines often contain articles and features on __________ topics.
a) historical
b) academic
c) fictional
d) current
5. Databases are organized collections of __________.
a) newspapers
b) books
c) facts and information
d) personal experiences
6. Newspapers provide __________ news and information.
a) fictional
b) historical
c) current
d) academic
7. The library catalog is a tool that helps locate __________ in the library.
a) databases
b) magazines
c) books
d) newspapers
8. The Internet is a vast network of __________ that provides access to information.
a) libraries
b) databases
c) websites
d) encyclopedias
9. Television broadcasts provide __________ information and entertainment.
a) visual
b) audio
c) textual
d) interactive
10. Radio broadcasts provide __________ information and entertainment.
a) visual
b) audio
c) textual
d) interactive
11. A computer can be used to access various sources of __________.
a) communication
b) books
c) information
d) entertainment
12. When seeking specific information, it is important to consider the __________ of the source.
a) availability
b) location
c) credibility
d) cost
13. __________ provide up-to-date news and information through digital platforms.
a) Books
b) Encyclopedias
c) Magazines
d) Newspapers
14. Websites on the Internet can be reliable sources of __________.
a) communication
b) misinformation
c) entertainment
d) information
15. When conducting research, it is important to evaluate the __________ of the sources used.
a) popularity
b) reliability
c) length
d) price
[mediator_tech]
WEEK 9
Topic: Computer as an IPO system
Subtitle : Input and output system
Learning Objectives:At the end of this this lesson,pupils should be able to:
1. Describe the computer as input process and output IPO system
2. Input data into the system using keyboard and mouse
Resources and materials:
Scheme of work
Online information
Instructional material: A functional computer system.
Building Background/connection to prior knowledge: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.
CONTENT
COMPUTER AS AN IPO SYSTEM
A computer is an electronic machine that works under the instructions given by us. In order to perform any work, a computer follows three steps: Input – Process – Output. It can accept data (Input), manipulate the data according to specified rules (Process) and produce results as information (Output). To put it more clearly: 1. The computer accepts the data that we feed into it through an input device like the keyboard or mouse. 2. The computer processes the data into information through a processor called Central Processing Unit (CPU). 3. The computer displays the information through an output device like the monitor or the printer.
Input Devices
Input :- Input is the raw data entered into a computer from the input devices. It is the collection of numbers, letters, images, etc. Keyboard, Mouse, scanner, webcam, etc are some examples of the input devices.
Devices which transfer data, programs, or signals into a computer systems are called input devices. These devices are used to give raw data to the computer to perform the specific tasks. Firstly, the data, programs, a signals are fed into the input devices in a suitable form, and are then converted by the device into electrical signals from human-readable format that are transmitted to the central processing unit of the computer
Input
(raw data)
input devices
> Mouse
> Keyboard
> Scanner
> Webcam
> Digital camera
> Microphone
> Joysticks, etc.
Output Devices
Output devices are used to get final result from the computer. Firstly, output is displayed on monitor. Then we can print out these outputs on a paper with the help of printer. The purpose of the output devices is to translate data and informations from electrical impulses to human-readable format.
The output device, which is necessary for the computer to display messages to the user, is a monitor. If we want to keep the copy of the work on paper, we used printers. Plotters are devices that are more suitable for the large scale outputs like engineering drawings and high quality graphics.
output devices
> Monitor
> Speaker
> Printer
Strategies& Activities:
Step :Teacher revises the previous topic.
Step 2:Teacher introduces the new topic.
Step3:Teacher explains the new topic.
Step4: Teacher welcomes pupils questions.
Step5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.
Assessment & Evaluation:
1. Describe the computer as input process and output IPO system
2. Input data into the system using keyboard and mouse
WRAP UP(CONCLUSION) Teacher goes over the topic once again for better understanding.
[mediator_tech]
1. A computer follows three steps: Input – __________ – Output.
a) Transfer
b) Translate
c) Process
d) Display
2. Input is the raw data entered into a computer from the __________ devices.
a) output
b) storage
c) input
d) processing
3. Examples of input devices include the keyboard, mouse, scanner, webcam, and __________.
a) printer
b) monitor
c) microphone
d) speaker
4. Input devices are used to give __________ data to the computer.
a) processed
b) visual
c) raw
d) output
5. Data, programs, or signals are fed into input devices in a suitable form and then converted into electrical signals that are transmitted to the __________ of the computer.
a) output devices
b) input devices
c) storage devices
d) central processing unit
6. The purpose of input devices is to transfer data, programs, or signals __________ a computer system.
a) from
b) within
c) to
d) between
7. An example of an input device that captures images or documents is a __________.
a) keyboard
b) mouse
c) scanner
d) monitor
8. The mouse and keyboard are common __________ devices.
a) output
b) storage
c) input
d) processing
9. The monitor is an example of an __________ device.
a) input
b) output
c) storage
d) processing
10. Output devices are used to get the final __________ from the computer.
a) input
b) storage
c) result
d) processing
11. The monitor is the primary output device that displays __________ from the computer.
a) images
b) data
c) programs
d) instructions
12. Printers are used to create __________ copies of the computer’s output.
a) digital
b) virtual
c) physical
d) electronic
13. Plotters are suitable for large-scale outputs such as __________ drawings and high-quality graphics.
a) engineering
b) musical
c) scientific
d) literary
14. Output devices translate data and information from __________ impulses to human-readable format.
a) electrical
b) optical
c) mechanical
d) magnetic
15. Speakers are examples of output devices used to produce __________.
a) visual output
b) audio output
c) printed output
d) digital output
[mediator_tech]
WEEK 10&11
Topic: Computer as an IPO system
Subtitle : processing data(Central Processing Unit)
Learning Objectives:At the end of this this lesson,pupils should be able to:
1. Demonstrate the use of computer as IPO to processing data.
Resources and materials:
Scheme of work
Online information
Instructional material: A functional computer system.
Building Background/connection to prior knowledge: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.
CONTENT
The Processing Device
The Processor
Process :- Process is the operation of data or information as per given instruction. It is totally internal process of the computer system. CPU (Central processing Unit) is the main processing device of the computer
The main unit inside the computer is the CPU. This unit is responsible for all events inside the computer. It controls all internal and external devices, performs arithmetic and logic operations. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the device that interprets and executes instructions.
The operations, a microprocessor performs are called the instruction set of this processor. Processors differ from one to another by the instruction set. If the same program can run on two different computer brands they are set to be compatible. Programs written for IBM compatible computers will not run on apple computers because these two architectures are not compatible.
Mainframes and early mini computers contained circuit boards full of integrated circuits cards implemented the central processing unit. Today’s single chip central processing units, called microprocessors, make personal computers and workstations possible. The CPU has the ability to fetch, decode, and execute instructions and transfer information to and from other recourses over the computer’s main data-transfer path, the bus. By definition, the CPU is the chip that functions as the brain of a computer. In some instances, however, the term encompasses both the processor and the computer’s memory or, even more broadly, the main computer console.
All processors use transistors as switched to produce signals, much like a light switch, which digitizes the information and breaks them up into small chumps. If you have one transistor you can perform two signals-on and off. If you have two transistors you can perform signals-both on, both off, first on, second off, first off, second on. This is interpreted in binary, such as: 00111001 – 0 for off, 1 for on.
Strategies& Activities:
Step :Teacher revises the previous topic.
Step 2:Teacher introduces the new topic.
Step3:Teacher explains the new topic.
Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils questions.
Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.
Assessment & Evaluation:
1. Demonstrate the use of computer as IPO to processing data.
WRAP UP(CONCLUSION) Teacher goes over the topic once again for better understanding.
[mediator_tech]
[mediator_tech]
1. Process is the operation of data or information as per given __________.
a) speed
b) format
c) instruction
d) sequence
2. The CPU stands for __________.
a) Central Processing Unit
b) Central Programming Unit
c) Central Power Unit
d) Central Performance Unit
3. The CPU is responsible for controlling __________ events inside the computer.
a) internal and external
b) arithmetic and logic
c) input and output
d) hardware and software
4. The CPU interprets and __________ instructions.
a) generates
b) executes
c) stores
d) displays
5. The instruction set of a processor refers to the operations that the __________ performs.
a) computer
b) keyboard
c) mouse
d) CPU
6. Processors differ from one another by their __________.
a) speed
b) size
c) instruction set
d) color
7. Programs written for one computer brand may not run on another brand if they are not __________.
a) integrated
b) compatible
c) upgradable
d) portable
8. Mainframes and early mini computers used circuit boards filled with __________ to implement the CPU.
a) transistors
b) chips
c) cards
d) memory
9. Microprocessors are single-chip CPUs that make __________ computers possible.
a) mainframe
b) personal
c) super
d) network
10. The CPU has the ability to fetch, decode, and __________ instructions.
a) execute
b) store
c) display
d) modify
11. Information is transferred to and from other resources over the computer’s main __________ path.
a) data-transfer
b) power
c) network
d) memory
12. The CPU functions as the __________ of a computer.
a) brain
b) heart
c) muscle
d) sensor
13. Transistors are used in processors as switches to produce __________.
a) signals
b) memory
c) power
d) heat
14. Binary digits, such as 0 and 1, are used to represent signals in __________ form.
a) analog
b) digital
c) visual
d) audio
15. A sequence of binary digits, such as 00111001, can represent information or data with each digit representing __________.
a) on and off states
b) positive and negative values
c) high and low voltages
d) light and dark colors
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