Robert Havighurst, a renowned psychologist and educator, identified several developmental tasks that individuals face throughout their lives. Here are three specific developmental tasks in adulthood according to Havighurst: Career Development: During adulthood, individuals often focus on their careers. Havighurst emphasized the importance of selecting and pursuing a vocation or occupation that aligns with one’s
Maturation and Biological Aging: In Nigeria, as individuals age, we observe the physiological changes that occur over time. For instance, consider the process of maturation in women, particularly related to menopause. Menopause typically occurs in Nigerian women in their late 40s or early 50s, marking the end of their reproductive years. This biological change is
Adulthood is a multifaceted concept that is defined and understood differently across cultures and through various perspectives, such as biological, psychological, chronological age, social responsibility, and perceived maturity. Let’s examine these aspects in more detail: Biological Perspective: In biological terms, adulthood is often associated with the onset of puberty when an individual becomes physically capable
Changes in Both Boys and Girls During Puberty: Growth Spurt: Both boys and girls experience a rapid increase in height. Body Hair: Pubic hair, underarm hair, and facial hair (in boys) start to grow. Skin Changes: Increased oil production can lead to acne and changes in skin texture. Sweat Glands: An increase in sweat production
A. Development of Personal Identity: Social Characteristic: Adolescents seek to develop their personal identity, asking questions like “Who am I?” They crave more independence. Educational Implication: In education, it’s vital to provide opportunities for self-discovery. For instance, students in Nigeria may explore their identities through cultural projects, like researching and presenting on their indigenous languages
Genetics: Inherited traits and genetic predispositions can influence a child’s personality. Family Environment: The family’s dynamics, parenting style, and relationships among family members play a significant role. Peer Influence: Interaction with peers and friends can shape a child’s values, interests, and behaviors. Cultural and Societal Values: Cultural norms, beliefs, and societal expectations can impact a
Stimulation Enhances Intelligence: Increased intellectual stimulation plays a crucial role in enhancing intelligence. Teachers bear the responsibility of providing the necessary training and stimulation to help children reach higher levels of intellectual functioning. Intellect Has Many Components: Intellectual development involves various components, just as children study multiple subjects in primary school. This diversity of subjects
The prenatal development stage lasts for nine months and can be summarized as follows: First Month: Developmental Features: The embryo is fixed to the uterus through the placenta. It receives nourishment and eliminates waste through the placenta. Key organs like the heart, liver, and digestive system begin to form. Example: The baby’s heart starts to
Conception takes place when a sperm from the man fuses with the egg (ovum) from a female to form a zygote in a process called fertilization. This is the beginning of human development. This stage is called pre-natal stage and usually lasts for nine (9) months The development at this stage is rapid and
The environmental factors that can affect the growth and development of a child : A. Pre-natal factors: These factors encompass everything that happens to a child in the womb. They can include both positive and negative influences. For instance, a mother’s healthy diet during pregnancy can positively impact the child’s physical development. Conversely, exposure to
In the context of development, the term “environment” refers to all the external factors and influences that affect the growth and maturation of an individual from the time of conception throughout their life. This includes physical surroundings, social interactions, cultural norms, educational opportunities, and more, all of which play a crucial role in shaping an
Erik Erikson’s identity versus role confusion stage, which occurs during the ages of 12 to 18 years, corresponds to the challenging period of puberty and adolescence. This stage is crucial for the development of a person’s sense of self and identity. Here’s an elaboration on this stage: Identity Development: During this stage, adolescents are faced
Discuss how external environment affects the physical & mental developments of identical twins. Identical twins often have similar genetic constitution as they come from the same zygote but in life they are often different in so many aspects. This difference is due to the effect of external environment. Evidence abounds of Nigerian athletes or students
When one egg (Ovum) is fertilized by one sperm, a zygote is formed. This zygote may now divide into two and each half will develop into a separate embryo. These two embryos originating from the same zygote will lead to the birth of monozygotic twins, also known as identical twins. Usually, monozygotic twins are
