Freehand Sketching of a Bungalow: Understanding Building Parts and Terms Building Construction SS1 First Term Lesson Note for Week 8

Building Construction SS1 First Term Lesson Note for Week 8

Subject: Building Construction
Class: SS1
Term: First Term
Week: 8
Age: 15–16 years
Topic: Finished Sketching and Pictorial Views
Sub-topic: Details of a Building, Building Terms

Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioral Objectives

By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

1. Perform freehand sketching of a bungalow.
2. Identify building parts and their corresponding terms.

Keywords

• Freehand sketching
• Pictorial view
• Bungalow
• Building terms
• Elevation
• Floor plan
• Roof design
• Wall sections

Set Induction

Start the lesson by showing students images of various buildings, such as bungalows, and asking them to identify parts like the roof, walls, and windows. Discuss how sketching helps in designing these buildings and communicating ideas.

Entry Behavior

Students should already know basic building parts, such as roof, walls, doors, and windows, and may have been introduced to simple drawing techniques.

Learning Resources and Materials

• Graph paper
• Pencils, erasers, rulers
• Sample building sketches and pictorial views
• Visual aids showing building parts and terminology

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge

Students have learned about basic construction drawings in previous lessons, and this lesson connects that knowledge to sketching and understanding the detailed components of a building.

Embedded Core Skills

• Sketching
• Visual literacy
• Communication through drawings
• Understanding building terminology

Learning Materials

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for Building Construction
• Drawing tools (pencil, ruler, eraser)
• Samples of bungalows and their parts
• Whiteboard and markers

Instructional Materials

• Sample sketches of buildings (bungalows) with labels
• Reference books on building terminology
• Visual aids for building parts

Content

1. Freehand Sketching of a Bungalow

• Freehand Sketching: This is the ability to draw buildings without the use of instruments like rulers or compasses. It requires understanding proportions, shapes, and perspectives.
• Sketching a Bungalow: A bungalow is a single-story house with a simple design. It usually includes a front porch, roof, walls, windows, and doors.
  • Step-by-Step Sketching Process:
    1. Start by drawing the outline of the building (rectangular or square shape for the bungalow).
    2. Add the roofline and make it sloping or gabled as per the design.
    3. Sketch the walls, doors, and windows in proportion.
    4. Add details like the front porch, if present, and other design elements.
    5. Label all parts of the bungalow with the correct building terms.

2. Identifying Building Parts and Their Terms

• Roof: The top covering of a building, designed to protect from weather.
• Wall: Vertical structures that enclose or divide spaces.
• Door: A movable barrier used for entry and exit.
• Window: An opening in the wall, typically glazed, allowing light and air.
• Foundation: The base of the building, providing support.
• Floor: The lower surface of a room, typically made of concrete, wood, or tiles.
• Porch: A small, covered entrance to a building.
• Elevation: A view of the building from one side, showing height and features.

Presentation Steps

Step 1: Introduction to Freehand Sketching

• Teacher’s Activity: Explain what freehand sketching is and demonstrate by sketching a simple bungalow on the board.
• Learners’ Activity: Students observe and take notes on how to sketch a bungalow.

Step 2: Sketching a Bungalow

• Teacher’s Activity: Guide students through the process of sketching a bungalow, starting with the basic shape, roof, walls, and windows.
• Learners’ Activity: Students attempt freehand sketching of a bungalow on their own graph paper.

Step 3: Identifying Building Parts and Terms

• Teacher’s Activity: Display a labeled sketch of a bungalow and explain the building parts and their terms.
• Learners’ Activity: Students identify parts of the bungalow and label them on their own sketches.

Step 4: Discussion and Practice

• Teacher’s Activity: Discuss common mistakes in freehand sketching and how to avoid them.
• Learners’ Activity: Students correct their sketches and practice labeling building parts.

Objective Questions (15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions)

1. The top covering of a building is called the _____.
   • a) Floor
   • b) Roof
   • c) Wall
   • d) Door
2. A _____ is a vertical structure that encloses or divides a space in a building.
   • a) Roof
   • b) Wall
   • c) Foundation
   • d) Window
3. The entrance to a building is typically through a _____.
   • a) Wall
   • b) Door
   • c) Window
   • d) Roof
4. _____ is the part of the building that supports the entire structure.
   • a) Floor
   • b) Foundation
   • c) Roof
   • d) Wall
5. A _____ is an opening in a building’s wall to let in light and air.
   • a) Window
   • b) Door
   • c) Roof
   • d) Floor
6. The surface of the ground inside the building is known as the _____.
   • a) Floor
   • b) Roof
   • c) Wall
   • d) Foundation
7. A _____ is a covered area at the entrance of a building.
   • a) Porch
   • b) Wall
   • c) Roof
   • d) Floor
8. The outside view of a building is referred to as its _____.
   • a) Foundation
   • b) Elevation
   • c) Floor plan
   • d) Section
9. _____ sketching involves drawing buildings without the use of instruments like rulers.
   • a) Technical
   • b) Freehand
   • c) Measured
   • d) Drafting
10. A _____ plan shows the interior layout of a building, including rooms and walls.
    • a) Roof
    • b) Elevation
    • c) Floor
    • d) Block
11. The _____ is the basic framework of the building that holds up the roof.
    • a) Foundation
    • b) Wall
    • c) Roof frame
    • d) Floor
12. A _____ is a small structure attached to the front of the house, often used for relaxation.
    • a) Porch
    • b) Door
    • c) Roof
    • d) Wall
13. In freehand sketching, you should focus on _____ the proportions of different parts of the building.
    • a) Disregarding
    • b) Skipping
    • c) Correctly depicting
    • d) Ignoring
14. A _____ is a layer of material that separates the ground from the building.
    • a) Roof
    • b) Foundation
    • c) Wall
    • d) Floor
15. The _____ helps provide protection from the elements, such as rain and sun.
    • a) Foundation
    • b) Roof
    • c) Wall
    • d) Floor

Class Activity Discussion (15 FAQs)

1. What is freehand sketching, and why is it important in construction?
   Freehand sketching is drawing without any measuring tools, and it helps quickly visualize ideas and communicate designs before detailed plans are created.
2. What are the main parts of a bungalow?
   The main parts include the roof, walls, windows, doors, floor, and foundation.
3. How do you start sketching a bungalow?
   Begin by drawing the basic shape, then add the roof and other details like windows and doors.
4. What is the difference between a floor plan and an elevation?
   A floor plan shows the layout of the interior, while an elevation shows the exterior view of the building.
5. Why is it important to understand building terms when sketching?
   Building terms ensure that sketches are accurate and understandable to other professionals involved in the project.
6. What does a foundation do in a building?
   The foundation supports the entire building, keeping it stable and preventing settling or shifting.
7. What are the common mistakes in freehand sketching?
   Common mistakes include incorrect proportions, missing details, and improper alignment of elements.
8. How do you sketch a roof?
   Sketch the roof as a simple shape (e.g., gabled or sloping) and ensure it aligns with the walls.
9. What should be included in the sketch of a bungalow?
   A bungalow sketch should include walls, windows, doors, roof, and the porch if present.
10. How can freehand sketching help during construction?
    It allows for quick communication of ideas, design changes, and visualizing how the final building will look.
11. What is the function of a porch in a building?
    A porch provides shelter at the entrance, often adding aesthetic value and space for relaxation.
12. What tools are used for freehand sketching?
    A pencil, ruler, eraser, and graph paper are typically used.
13. What are the benefits of learning freehand sketching for construction students?
    It helps students visualize designs and understand building components before they use professional tools.
14. What do you do after completing a sketch?
    After sketching, label the parts and check for accuracy and proportion.
15. How does a wall differ from a door in terms of structure?
    A wall is a solid vertical structure, while a door is a movable barrier that allows passage.

Evaluation Questions (10 Evaluation Questions)

1. What are the key differences between freehand sketching and technical drawing?
2. Describe the process of sketching a bungalow step-by-step.
3. Identify the key parts of a bungalow and explain their function.
4. What is the importance of understanding building terms in construction sketches?
5. How do you sketch the roof of a building in freehand?
6. What role does the foundation play in the stability of a building?
7. What tools are essential for freehand sketching, and why?
8. What are some common mistakes made when sketching a building?
9. How does a floor plan differ from an elevation?
10. Explain how to label a bungalow sketch properly.

Conclusion

In this lesson, students learned how to sketch a bungalow freehand, while identifying and labeling the main building parts using correct terminology. This skill is fundamental in understanding the design process and communicating construction ideas.