Water – Chemical Composition, Functions, and Food Sources Food and Nutrition SS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 10

Lesson Plan: Water – Chemical Composition, Functions, and Food Sources

Subject: Food and Nutrition
Class: SS1
Term: First Term
Week: 10
Age: 14–16 years
Topic: Water
Sub-topic: Chemical Composition, Functions, and Food Sources
Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioral Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Explain the chemical composition of water.
2. Describe the functions of water in the body.
3. Identify food sources that provide water.

Keywords

• Water
• Composition
• Hydration
• Functions
• Food sources

Set Induction

The teacher will ask students how often they drink water each day and what they think happens in the body when they are dehydrated.

Entry Behavior

Students are already familiar with the importance of nutrients in the body and the various food sources for other nutrients.

Learning Resources and Materials

• Water bottles for demonstration
• Whiteboard and markers
• Chart showing food sources of water

Building Background / Connection to Prior Knowledge

Students understand that nutrients support bodily functions. This lesson will explore water as an essential nutrient vital for various bodily functions.

Embedded Core Skills

• Communication (discussing water’s importance)
• Critical thinking (understanding the role of water)
• Analytical skills (connecting hydration with bodily functions)

Learning Materials

• Visual aids showing water-rich foods
• Diagrams of the human body showing water distribution

Reference Books

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Food and Nutrition textbooks for secondary schools

Instructional Materials

• Water bottle
• Food chart displaying water-rich foods
• Diagrams showing the role of water in body functions

Content

1. Chemical Composition of Water:
   • Water is a simple molecule made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, represented chemically as H2O.
   • Water is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless liquid essential for life.
2. Functions of Water in the Body:
   • Hydration: Maintains fluid balance and prevents dehydration.
   • Temperature Regulation: Helps control body temperature through sweating.
   • Nutrient Transportation: Transports nutrients to cells and removes waste products.
   • Digestion and Absorption: Assists in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients.
   • Joint Lubrication: Cushions joints and organs.
   • Detoxification: Helps eliminate waste products through urine and sweat.
3. Food Sources of Water:
   • Fruits: Watermelon, oranges, cucumber, strawberries.
   • Vegetables: Lettuce, celery, spinach, tomatoes.
   • Beverages: Milk, herbal teas, soups, fresh fruit juices.
   • Other Sources: Plain drinking water, broth-based soups.

Evaluation Questions

1. The chemical formula for water is _______.
   a) H2O
   b) CO2
   c) H2O2
   d) O2
2. Water is made up of two atoms of _______.
   a) Oxygen
   b) Nitrogen
   c) Hydrogen
   d) Carbon
3. The main role of water in the body is to maintain _______.
   a) Sugar levels
   b) Hydration
   c) Fat levels
   d) Protein synthesis
4. Water helps regulate body _______.
   a) Height
   b) Temperature
   c) Weight
   d) Sugar
5. Water-rich fruits include _______.
   a) Bananas
   b) Strawberries
   c) Peanuts
   d) Walnuts
6. A deficiency in water can lead to _______.
   a) Dehydration
   b) Obesity
   c) High cholesterol
   d) Weight gain
7. Water assists in _______ digestion.
   a) Slowing down
   b) Absorption and nutrient
   c) Reducing
   d) Quickening
8. The function of water in joints is to _______.
   a) Harden
   b) Lubricate
   c) Dry up
   d) Elongate
9. _______ is a food source of water.
   a) Meat
   b) Rice
   c) Lettuce
   d) Oil
10. Water helps to remove waste through _______.
    a) Skin
    b) Hair
    c) Urine and sweat
    d) Muscle
11. The sensation of thirst is the body’s way of signaling a need for _______.
    a) Food
    b) Water
    c) Air
    d) Rest
12. Water in the body is important for _______ transportation.
    a) Nutrient
    b) Energy
    c) Protein
    d) Fat
13. _______ is a sign of dehydration.
    a) Clear urine
    b) Dry mouth
    c) Sweating
    d) Eating more
14. The body temperature is controlled through the process of _______.
    a) Crying
    b) Sweating
    c) Eating
    d) Breathing
15. _______ is an example of a beverage high in water content.
    a) Soda
    b) Milk
    c) Coffee
    d) Chips

Class Activity Discussion

1. What is the chemical formula for water?
   H2O
2. Why is water essential for the body?
   It supports hydration, digestion, and nutrient transport.
3. How does water help regulate body temperature?
   Through sweating, which cools the body.
4. What happens if the body lacks water?
   It leads to dehydration.
5. Name a fruit high in water content.
   Watermelon
6. What is a common sign of dehydration?
   Dry mouth or thirst.
7. How does water support joints?
   It lubricates and cushions them.
8. Name two vegetables high in water.
   Lettuce and cucumber.
9. How does water help in digestion?
   It breaks down food and aids nutrient absorption.
10. Which body function uses water to remove waste?
    Excretion through urine and sweat.
11. What is the importance of water in blood circulation?
    It helps transport nutrients and oxygen.
12. How often should one drink water daily?
    Regularly, based on thirst and activity level.
13. What is a good food source of water?
    Oranges
14. Does milk contain water?
    Yes, milk is a water-rich beverage.
15. How does water prevent overheating?
    By cooling the body through sweating.

Teacher’s Activities

• Explain the chemical composition and functions of water.
• Show students examples of water-rich foods and beverages.
• Engage students in a discussion on the importance of water in daily life.

Learners’ Activities

• Participate in discussions on water and its importance.
• Answer questions on water’s functions and food sources.
• Complete the fill-in-the-blank exercise on water.

Evaluation Questions

1. What is the chemical composition of water?
2. Name one function of water in the body.
3. Which food is high in water content?
4. What is a symptom of dehydration?
5. How does the body cool itself with water?
6. Which body function uses water to remove waste?
7. Name two food sources that contain water.
8. Why is water important for joints?
9. How does water help in digestion?
10. What is the main signal of needing water?

Conclusion

The teacher will summarize the lesson, reinforcing the importance of water for overall health and the body’s many functions, and encourage students to maintain proper hydration throughout the day.