PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION – THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR PRIMARY FIVE

Introduction

Physical and Health Education (PHE) plays a vital role in promoting the well-being of individuals, particularly young learners. This subject integrates physical fitness, personal hygiene, healthy living, and safety precautions, ensuring that students understand the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

In the third term, Primary 5 pupils will explore various aspects of food and nutrition, martial arts, swimming strokes, pathogens, and diseases. They will also learn about the dangers of drug use, alcohol, and tobacco, along with the consequences of substance abuse on individuals, families, and society.

This scheme of work is designed to provide pupils with foundational knowledge of essential health-related topics while promoting practical engagement in physical activities. The lessons are structured to ensure a balance between theoretical knowledge and practical demonstrations, fostering both cognitive and physical development.

By the end of the term, students will be equipped with essential skills and knowledge to make informed decisions regarding nutrition, personal hygiene, disease prevention, and the benefits of physical fitness. This curriculum also aligns with global health education standards and Lagos State’s learning objectives, ensuring that pupils receive a well-rounded education.

Body

WEEK 1: FOOD AND NUTRITION

Sources of Food and Nutrients

Food provides the body with essential nutrients that support growth, development, and overall health. The major sources of food include:

• Plant sources: Fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, and tubers.

• Animal sources: Meat, fish, eggs, dairy products.

Nutritional Deficiencies and Diseases

Nutritional deficiencies occur when the body lacks essential nutrients. Common deficiency diseases include:

• Kwashiorkor: Caused by protein deficiency.

• Rickets: Caused by vitamin D deficiency.

• Scurvy: Caused by vitamin C deficiency.

• Goiter: Caused by iodine deficiency.

WEEK 2: FOOD AND NUTRITION

Characteristics of a Nutrition-Deficient Person

A person suffering from malnutrition may display the following characteristics:

• Weakness and fatigue

• Stunted growth in children

• Dry, scaly skin

• Swollen abdomen (in severe cases)

Consequences of Family Size on Nutrition

A larger family may struggle to provide adequate nutrition for all members. Families with limited resources may face challenges such as:

• Food scarcity

• Malnutrition in children

• Poor overall health

WEEK 3: MARTIAL ARTS – HISTORY AND IMPORTANCE OF JUDO

History of Judo

Judo originated in Japan and was developed by Dr. Jigoro Kano in 1882. It is a form of self-defense that promotes discipline and physical fitness.

Importance of Judo

• Improves physical strength and endurance

• Enhances self-defense skills

• Promotes discipline and mental alertness

WEEK 4: MARTIAL ARTS – RULES, SKILLS, AND DEMONSTRATION

Rules of Judo

• No striking or kicking opponents.

• Only permitted throwing and grappling techniques are allowed.

• A match is won through a successful throw or pin.

Skills of Judo

• Ukemi (break-falling techniques)

• Nage-waza (throwing techniques)

• Katame-waza (grappling techniques)

Demonstration

Students will participate in controlled practice sessions to learn basic judo techniques.

WEEK 5: SWIMMING STROKES – TYPES OF STROKES

Backstroke

• A swimming style where the swimmer floats on their back and propels forward using alternating arm movements.

Butterfly Stroke

• A powerful swimming technique that involves simultaneous arm movements and a dolphin-like kick.

WEEK 6: PATHOGENS – DISEASES AND PREVENTION

Meaning of Sickness and Illness

Sickness refers to a state of poor health caused by infections, lack of proper nutrition, or environmental factors.

WEEK 7: SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DISEASES

• Fever, fatigue, and body aches are common symptoms of infections.

• Respiratory diseases may cause coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing.

WEEK 8: COMMUNICABLE AND NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Communicable Diseases

Diseases that spread from one person to another, such as:

• Malaria

• Tuberculosis

• COVID-19

Non-Communicable Diseases

Diseases that do not spread from person to person, such as:

• Diabetes

• Hypertension

• Cancer

WEEK 9: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION

Drug Use and Consequences

The misuse of drugs can lead to addiction, organ damage, and poor academic performance.

WEEK 10: WAYS OF TAKING DRUGS

Drugs can be taken in different ways, including:

• Oral ingestion (swallowed in pill or liquid form)

• Injection (administered through a syringe)

• Inhalation (through the nose or mouth)

WEEK 11: ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO

Alcohol and tobacco consumption can lead to:

• Liver damage

• Lung disease

• Heart complications

WEEK 12: CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG ABUSE

Drug abuse negatively impacts:

• Individuals: Causes addiction and mental health issues.

• Families: Leads to financial strain and broken relationships.

• Society: Increases crime rates and public health burdens.

WEEK 13: REVISION AND EXAMINATION

This week will be dedicated to reviewing all topics and assessing students’ understanding through structured tests and practical activities.

Conclusion

The third-term scheme of work for Primary 5 Physical and Health Education is structured to provide students with essential knowledge on nutrition, fitness, disease prevention, and the dangers of substance abuse. By integrating both theoretical lessons and practical activities, students will develop the skills necessary to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Through the study of food and nutrition, students will understand the importance of a balanced diet and how deficiencies can impact health. The introduction of martial arts, such as judo, will help students learn self-discipline, self-defense, and physical fitness. Swimming lessons will enhance water safety skills, while discussions on pathogens and diseases will help students understand the importance of hygiene and vaccination.

Additionally, educating students on drug use, alcohol, and tobacco will equip them with the knowledge to make informed choices about their health. By understanding the consequences of substance abuse on individuals, families, and society, they will be more likely to adopt a responsible and healthy lifestyle.

This curriculum not only enhances students’ knowledge but also prepares them for lifelong well-being. It ensures that they grow into responsible individuals who prioritize health, hygiene, and fitness.