Understanding Nutrients and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases Physical and Health Education Primary 5 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 1

Subject: Physical and Health Education

Class: Primary 5

Term: Third Term

Week: 1

Topic: Understanding Nutrients and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases

Sub-topic: Exploring the sources of nutrients and common nutritional deficiency diseases

Duration: 45 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

1. Students will be able to identify different types of nutrients and their sources.
2. Students will understand the importance of a balanced diet in preventing nutritional deficiency diseases.
3. Students will recognize common nutritional deficiency diseases and their causes.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Chalkboard/whiteboard
• Markers/chalk
• Visual aids (pictures of different food groups, examples of deficiency diseases)
• Worksheets on nutrients and deficiency diseases

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge: Start the lesson by asking students what they know about the different types of food they eat and how these foods make them healthy. Encourage students to share examples of foods they eat regularly.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking: Analyzing the importance of different nutrients in maintaining overall health.
• Communication: Expressing ideas and asking questions during discussions.
• Problem-solving: Identifying solutions to prevent nutritional deficiency diseases.

Content:

SOURCES OF NUTRIENTS

Nutrients are found in the variety of foods that we eat. We have six types of food from where we get all nutrients.

                            TYPES OF FOOD

1. Carbohydrates:Energy giving foods, made up of sugars or starches. Examples are yam, banana, cassava, maize, rice.
2. Protein:make us grow, strong and repair the body. Examples are Beans, fish, egg.
3. Fat: also gives us energy for work and play.it keeps us warm. Examples are Palm oil, Soy oil, Margarine, vegetable oil.
4. Vitamins:it protect us from diseases. Examples are fruits, corn.
5. Minerals:help to form strong bones and teeth. Examples are Milk, meat vegetables, fruits, grains, beans and starchy vegetables.
6. Water:it carries other nutrients to all parts of the body and helps to remove wastes from the body.

NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY DISEASES

Nutritional diseases are illness that happen as a result of inadequate, poor diet.

Inadequate and poor diet causes various diseases like:

1. KWASHIORKOR:it is cause by eating mostly carbohydrate food. The person lack  food that contains  protein, vitamin C, iodine and folic acid
2. RICKETS:it is the softening of bones in children due to deficiency in vitamin D, magnesium, calcium.
3. PELLAGRA:it is a vitamin deficiency disease caused by lack of niacin (Vitamin B3) in the diet. Not eating enough vegetables, sea foods, meat and egg can also cause PELLAGRA.
4. SCURVY:happens when there is deficiency of Vitamin C (fruits and vegetables).
5. BERIBERI:caused by thiamin (Vitamin B) and excessive intake of alcohol.
6. ANEMIA:it occurs when the red blood cells are unable to carry enough to the body cell. It is caused by lack of vegetables, eggs, liver and meat.
7. DIABETICS:it happens when the blood glucose level is higher than normal.it can be prevented by living a healthy life style.

Evaluation

1. Carbohydrates provide ________ to our body. a) energy b) strength c) protection d) warmth
2. Protein helps us ________ and repair the body. a) sleep b) grow c) play d) study
3. Fat gives us energy for ________. a) eating b) work and play c) sleeping d) bathing
4. Which food contains vitamins that protect us from diseases? a) beans b) fruits c) rice d) yam
5. Minerals help form ________. a) soft bones b) strong bones and teeth c) weak muscles d) small teeth
6. Water carries nutrients to ________ parts of the body. a) some b) no c) all d) few
7. Kwashiorkor is caused by eating mostly ________ food. a) carbohydrate b) protein c) fat d) water
8. Rickets is caused by deficiency in vitamin ________. a) A b) B c) C d) D
9. Pellagra is caused by lack of niacin, which is ________. a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B3 c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin D
10. Scurvy happens when there is a deficiency of vitamin ________. a) A b) B c) C d) D
11. Beriberi is caused by deficiency in vitamin ________. a) A b) B c) C d) D
12. Anemia occurs when red blood cells cannot carry enough ________ to the body. a) water b) vitamins c) oxygen d) glucose
13. Diabetics happens when blood glucose level is ________ than normal. a) lower b) higher c) same d) unknown
14. Anemia can be caused by lack of ________. a) vegetables b) meat c) eggs d) all of the above
15. Which disease can be prevented by living a healthy lifestyle? a) Kwashiorkor b) Rickets c) Pellagra d) Diabetes

Class Activity Discussion 

1. What are nutrients? Nutrients are things in food that help our bodies grow and stay healthy.
2. How many types of food give us nutrients? There are six types of food that give us all the nutrients we need.
3. What is an example of a carbohydrate food? Foods like yam, banana, and rice are examples of carbohydrate foods.
4. What does protein do for our bodies? Protein helps us grow, become strong, and fix our bodies when they get hurt.
5. Can you name a food that contains protein? Foods like beans, fish, and eggs have protein in them.
6. Why do we need fat in our diet? Fat gives us energy to do things and helps keep us warm.
7. What are some examples of fat-containing foods? Foods like palm oil, soy oil, and margarine have fat in them.
8. What do vitamins do for us? Vitamins help protect us from getting sick.
9. Can you name a food with vitamins in it? Fruits and corn are examples of foods with vitamins.
10. Why are minerals important? Minerals help make our bones and teeth strong.
11. What foods contain minerals? Foods like milk, meat, and vegetables have minerals in them.
12. Why is water important for our bodies? Water helps carry nutrients to all parts of our body and gets rid of waste.
13. What happens if we don’t eat a healthy diet? If we don’t eat well, we can get sick with things like Kwashiorkor and Rickets.
14. What is Kwashiorkor? Kwashiorkor happens when we eat mostly carbohydrate foods and don’t get enough protein and other important nutrients.
15. How can we prevent diabetes? We can prevent diabetes by living a healthy lifestyle, like eating good food and exercising.

Presentation:

Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic which was understanding the importance of physical exercise in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Briefly recap key points from the previous lesson and ask students to recall some exercises they learned.

Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic by explaining that just like exercise, eating the right kinds of food is important for staying healthy. Show visual aids of different food groups and explain what each group provides for our bodies.

Step 3: The teacher allows the pupils to give their own contributions and corrects them when necessary. Encourage students to share examples of foods they know from each food group. Clarify any misconceptions and emphasize the importance of eating a variety of foods to get all the nutrients our bodies need.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Facilitate class discussion
• Provide explanations and examples
• Correct misconceptions

Learners’ Activities:

• Participate in discussions
• Share examples and experiences
• Ask questions for clarification

Assessment: Observe students’ participation during discussions and their ability to identify different food groups and their sources. Review completed worksheets to assess understanding of nutrient sources and deficiency diseases.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What are nutrients, and why are they important for our bodies?
2. Can you name three examples of carbohydrate-rich foods?
3. How does protein help our bodies?
4. What are some sources of vitamins?
5. Why do we need minerals in our diet?
6. What happens if we don’t get enough vitamin C?
7. What is Kwashiorkor, and what causes it?
8. How can we prevent nutritional deficiency diseases?
9. What is anemia, and what are its symptoms?
10. Why is it important to eat a balanced diet?

Conclusion: The teacher goes round to mark and make necessary corrections on the topic above. Review key points covered in the lesson and encourage students to continue making healthy food choices to stay strong and healthy.