Procedure for crop production Agricultural Science Primary 5 First Term Week 3

 

Subject : 

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

Term :

FIRST TERM

Week:

WEEK 3

Class :

Primary 5

Topic : 

Procedure for crop production Agricultural Science 

 

Previous lesson: 

The pupils have previous knowledge of

  Planting of Crops

that was taught as a topic in the previous lesson

 

Behavioural objectives :

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Define and explain the concept of pre-planting operations in agriculture.
2. Identify and describe various pre-planting operations.
3. Understand the importance of proper pre-planting operations for successful crop cultivation.
4. Analyze the environmental and economic impacts of pre-planting practices.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Research skills
• Communication
• Problem-solving
• Environmental awareness

Instructional Materials:

• Wall charts
• Pictures
• Related Online Video
• Flash Cards
• Whiteboard and markers
• Visual aids (images and diagrams of pre-planting operations)
• Printed handouts with key terms and definitions
• Access to online resources and videos
• Examples of tools and machinery used in pre-planting operations
• Soil samples and testing kits (optional)

 

Methods of Teaching:

• Class Discussion
• Group Discussion
• Asking Questions
• Explanation
• Role Modelling
• Role Delegation

 

Reference Materials:

• Scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
• Workbooks

 

Content : 

Procedure for cultivating crops 

Pre-planting operations are essential agricultural activities that take place before the actual planting of crops. These operations are critical for preparing the soil, ensuring proper planting conditions, and maximizing crop yields. Here are some common pre-planting operations in agriculture:

1. Land Preparation: This involves clearing the land of any debris, weeds, or previous crop remnants. It may also include plowing, discing, or harrowing to break up soil clods and create a suitable seedbed.
2. Soil Testing: Soil testing is done to analyze the soil’s nutrient content, pH levels, and other characteristics. This information helps farmers determine the type and amount of fertilizers needed for optimal crop growth.
3. Seed Selection: Farmers choose the right seeds for planting based on factors such as crop variety, climate, soil type, and market demand. Quality seeds with good germination rates are crucial for a successful crop.
4. Fertilizer Application: Based on soil test results and crop nutrient requirements, farmers apply fertilizers to the soil to provide essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
5. Irrigation Planning: For areas with insufficient rainfall, irrigation systems may be set up to ensure that crops receive adequate water throughout their growth cycle.
6. Crop Rotation: Farmers may rotate crops to prevent soil depletion and reduce the risk of pests and diseases. Different crops have different nutrient requirements and impacts on the soil.
7. Weed Control: Pre-planting operations often involve weed control measures, including herbicide application or manual weeding, to minimize competition between weeds and crops.
8. Pest and Disease Management: Farmers assess the potential pest and disease threats to their crops and may take preventive measures, such as applying pesticides or selecting disease-resistant crop varieties.
9. Tillage: Depending on the type of crop and farming system, tillage practices can vary. No-till farming, reduced tillage, or conventional tillage may be employed to prepare the soil.
10. Seedbed Preparation: Ensuring a well-prepared seedbed with proper soil tilth (texture and structure) is crucial for seed germination and early crop development.
11. Environmental Considerations: Farmers may need to consider environmental factors such as conservation practices, erosion control, and water management to minimize the impact of farming on the environment.
12. Crop Protection: Measures like installing fencing or scare devices might be taken to protect the emerging crops from wildlife damage.

These pre-planting operations collectively contribute to the successful establishment of crops, promote healthy growth, and maximize agricultural productivity. Proper planning and execution of these operations are fundamental for a successful farming season.

 

 

 

[mediator_tech]

 

 

Evaluation

1. Pre-planting operations are essential agricultural activities that take place __________ planting crops.
a) before
b) after
c) during
d) alongside

2. Land preparation involves clearing the land of debris, weeds, and previous crop remnants to create a suitable __________.
a) playground
b) seedbed
c) parking lot
d) pond

3. Soil testing is done to analyze the soil’s nutrient content, pH levels, and other characteristics to determine the type and amount of __________ needed for crops.
a) seeds
b) water
c) fertilizers
d) machinery

4. Seed selection is based on factors such as crop variety, climate, soil type, and __________ demand.
a) market
b) weather
c) technology
d) education

5. Fertilizer application provides essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to the __________.
a) air
b) crops
c) weeds
d) animals

6. Irrigation planning is essential in areas with insufficient __________.
a) sunlight
b) rainfall
c) wind
d) snow

7. Crop rotation helps prevent soil depletion and reduces the risk of __________.
a) pest and disease
b) rain and sunshine
c) wind and hail
d) drought and flood

8. Weed control measures, such as herbicide application or manual weeding, aim to minimize competition between __________ and crops.
a) animals
b) clouds
c) weeds
d) machines

9. Pest and disease management may involve applying __________ to protect crops from harm.
a) fertilizers
b) sunlight
c) pesticides
d) windbreaks

10. Depending on the farming system, different types of tillage practices, including no-till farming, reduced tillage, or conventional tillage, may be used for __________.
a) cooking
b) transportation
c) soil preparation
d) weather forecasting

11. Ensuring a well-prepared seedbed with proper soil tilth is crucial for __________ and early crop development.
a) seed germination
b) crop harvesting
c) soil erosion
d) bird migration

12. Environmental considerations in pre-planting operations aim to minimize the impact of farming on the __________.
a) moon
b) environment
c) Mars
d) ocean

13. Crop protection measures, such as installing fencing or scare devices, aim to protect emerging crops from __________ damage.
a) alien
b) wildlife
c) machinery
d) weather

14. Pre-planting operations collectively contribute to the successful __________ of crops.
a) destruction
b) stagnation
c) establishment
d) celebration

15. Proper planning and execution of pre-planting operations are fundamental for a successful __________ season.
a) farming
b) vacation
c) gaming
d) fashion

 

[mediator_tech]

 

 

 

Presentation

The topic is presented step by step

Step 1:

 

The class teacher revises the previous topics

 

Step 2.

Day 1: Introduction and Conceptual Understanding (45 minutes)

1. Opening Discussion (10 minutes)
   • Begin by asking students what they think happens on a farm before seeds are planted.
   • Encourage students to share their ideas about preparing the land for planting.
2. Defining Pre-Planting Operations (15 minutes)
   • Present a clear definition of pre-planting operations: the essential steps and activities farmers undertake to prepare the soil and environment for planting crops.
   • Use visual aids and examples to illustrate the concept.
3. Types of Pre-Planting Operations (10 minutes)
   • Discuss various types of pre-planting operations, including land preparation, soil testing, seed selection, and weed control.
   • Show images and diagrams to help students visualize these processes.
4. Interactive Activity (10 minutes)
   • Divide students into small groups.
   • Provide each group with a different pre-planting operation to research using provided materials or online resources.
   • Have each group present their findings to the class

Step 3:

Day 2: Importance and Environmental Impact (45 minutes)

5. Review and Recap (5 minutes)
   • Begin by recapping the previous day’s discussions and group presentations.
6. Importance of Pre-Planting Operations (15 minutes)
   • Discuss why proper pre-planting operations are crucial for successful crop cultivation, higher yields, and food security.
   • Emphasize the economic benefits of efficient pre-planting practices.
7. Environmental Impact (10 minutes)
   • Explore the environmental aspects of pre-planting operations, including soil health, erosion prevention, and pesticide use.
   • Discuss sustainable farming practices and their role in minimizing negative environmental impacts.
8. Case Study and Discussion (10 minutes)
   • Present a case study of a successful farm that implemented effective pre-planting operations.
   • Lead a class discussion on the lessons learned from the case study and how they can be applied to other farming practices

Step 4: 

Assessment:

• On Day 2, students will participate in a group discussion where they analyze the environmental and economic impacts of pre-planting operations.

 

Evaluation

1. ___________ are synthetic materials that are used on farmers to boost the growth of crops and preserve farm produce (a) Chemicals (b) Propagation (c) Sowing

 

2. Some ___________ are also used to control pests, weeds and parasites. .(a) Chemicals (b) Propagation (c) Sowing

 

3. Chemicals that are used to control pests are called _________ (a) pesticides (b) herbicides (c) insecticides

 

4. Chemical that are used to control insects are called _________ (a) pesticides (b) herbicides (c) insecticides

 

5. Chemicals that are used to control weeds are called _________ (a) pesticides (b) herbicides (c) insecticides

 

6. Chemicals that are used to boost the growth of crops or plants are called _________ (a) pesticides (b) herbicides (c) fertilizers .

 

7. Yams are stored in the ________. (a) barns (b) silo (c) sacks

 

8. Grains are stored in the ________. (a) barns (b) silo (c) sacks .

 

9. Beans are stored in ________. (a) barns (b) silo (c) sacks

 

10. Tomatoes are harvested and put in ________. (a) barns (b) silo (c) baskets

 

Teacher’s Activities:

• Facilitate class discussions and group activities.
• Provide explanations and guidance as needed.
• Use multimedia resources to enhance understanding.
• Encourage critical thinking by asking open-ended questions.
• Monitor group presentations and discussions.

 

Learners’ Activities:

• Listen attentively to the teacher’s explanations.
• Participate in discussions and group activities.
• Conduct research on pre-planting operations.
• Present their findings to the class.
• Engage in critical thinking exercises.
• Analyze case studies and participate in discussions.

 

Conclusion

The class teacher wraps up or concludes the lesson by giving out short notes to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.

The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.

He or she does the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise.

Homework:

Assign a homework task where students need to write a short essay or create a visual presentation on the importance of a specific pre-planting operation.

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