Reproduction in Plants

Subject: 

Basic Science and Technology

Term:

Second Term

Week:

Week 2

Class:

Basic 5 / Primary 5

Previous lesson: 

The pupils have previous knowledge of Muscles  in their previous lesson

Topic:

Reproduction in Plants

Sexual reproduction
Parts of a flower
Pollination of flower

Behavioural objectives:

At the end of lesson, pupils should be able to:

• Define reproduction in plants
• Explain Sexual reproduction
• Mention Parts of a flower
• Explain Pollination of flower

Instructional Materials:

• Wall charts
• Pictures
• Related Online Video
• Flash Cards
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• Flower plant

Methods of Teaching:

• Class Discussion
• Group Discussion
• Asking Questions
• Explanation
• Role Modelling
• Role Delegation

Reference Materials:

• Scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
• Workbooks

Content:

What is reproduction in plants?

Reproduction is one of the characteristics of living things that enable them to replicate, reproduce or in case plants sprout forth young seedlings that resemble their parents. Plants do not move from one place to another because they are fixed in one position by their roots , hence they need the assistance of external factors to aim them in the process of reproduction. These external factors are called agents of pollination.

Reproduction in plants can occur through sexual or asexual means. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in the formation of a seed. Asexual reproduction, on the other hand, does not involve the fusion of gametes and can occur through methods such as vegetative reproduction, where new plants can grow from a piece of the parent plant, or by the production of spores.

Methods of Reproduction in Plants 

There are two methods of reproduction in plants which are Sexual Reproduction and Asexual Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction in Plants : This involves the union of male and female gametes in plants to form seedlings .In sexual reproduction, flowering plants make use of seeds.  In most plants, the seedlings are developed from their flowers or fruits . These seeds, which are obtained from flower when the male and female parts of flower meet to form union, seeds are obtained from flower.

Asexual Reproduction: This type of reproduction in plants involve the reproduction of young seedlings or plants from parts of the parent plants . This type of reproduction in plants is also known as vegetative reproduction . This types of reproduction does not involve the union of the male and the female sex gametes . The types of vegetative propagation involves budding, spore formation , fragmentation and vegetative propagation . The use of vegetative parts of plants may involve the use of the plant’s leaves, stems, buds and roots for asexual or vegetative propagation . Some plants part can also reproduce young ones without seeds, plants like cassava  can reproduces by planting of the stem and  yam can reproduces by planting the  tuber.

There are several methods of reproduction in plants, including:

1. Sexual reproduction: Involves the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in the formation of a seed. The male gamete is produced in the pollen, which is carried by the wind or insects to the female reproductive structure, the pistil, where fertilization occurs.
2. Asexual reproduction: This type of reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes and can occur through methods such as:

• Vegetative reproduction: new plants can grow from a piece of the parent plant, such as a stem cutting or bulb.
• Bulbils: small bulbs that form on the leaf axils of plants such as lilies or onion and can develop into new plants.
• Runners: A type of stem that grows horizontally along the ground and gives rise to new plants at its tips.
• Rhizomes: underground stem that can give rise to new plants.
• Tubers: underground storage organs that can give rise to new plants
• Spores: small reproductive cells that can give rise to new plants.

3. Binary fission: A type of asexual reproduction observed in algae and fungi where the organism splits into two identical parts, each of which develops into a new organism.
4. fragmentation: A type of asexual reproduction observed in some algae, where the organism breaks into smaller parts, each of which develops into a new organism.

PARTS OF A FLOWER

Flower is the organ responsible for producing fruits in flowering plants. So, the male and the female reproductive parts of a plant are in the flower.

The two (2) major parts of flower are:

The Stamen or the Male part: it consists of the anther and filament.

The pistil or the female part: it consists of the ovary, stigma and style.

FUNCTIONS OF EACH PART OF A FLOWER

What is Pollination? 

Pollination is one of the ways by which plants reproduce which involves the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of flowers .

Types of Pollination 

1. Self-Pollination: This involves the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the the stigma of the same flower
2. Cross Pollination: This involves the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower

What are the agents of Pollination 

The agents of pollination are those factors that help in the disperse of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of flowers. These are the agents of pollination

1. Wind: Pollen can be carried by the wind from the anthers of one flower to the stigma of another. This type of pollination is called anemophily.
2. Water: Pollen can also be carried by water, which can transfer pollen from one plant to another. This type of pollination is called hydrophily.
3. Animals: Animals such as insects, birds, bats, and mammals can act as agents of pollination by transferring pollen from one flower to another. This type of pollination is called entomophily or zoophily.
4. Self-pollination: Some plants can also self-pollinate, meaning that the pollen from the anther of a flower fertilizes the ovules in the same flower or in another flower on the same plant.
5. Biotic Pollinators: These are the organisms that act as agents of pollination and include insects, birds, bats and mammals. These are the most common agents of pollination. They are attracted to the flowers by the nectar, pollen, fragrance, color, and shape. They pick up the pollen on their bodies as they move from one flower to another

Presentation

The topic is presented step by step

Step 1:

The class teacher revises the previous topics

Step 2.

He introduces the new topic

Step 3:

The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise

Conclusion

The class teacher wraps up or conclude the lesson by giving out short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.

The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.

He or she does the necessary corrections when and where  the needs arise.

Evaluation.

Part A Objectives 

1. Which of the following is NOT a method of asexual reproduction in plants? a) Vegetative reproduction b) Binary fission c) Sexual reproduction d) Fragmentation
2. What is the male reproductive organ in a flower called? a) Ovary b) Pistil c) Anther d) Stigma
3. What is the process by which pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma called? a) Pollination b) Fertilization c) Germination d) Reproduction
4. What is the name of the underground stem that can give rise to new plants? a) Bulbils b) Runners c) Rhizomes d) Tubers
5. Pollination can be accomplished by which of the following? a) Wind b) Water c) Fire d) All of the above
6. What is the female reproductive cell in a plant called? a) Pollen b) Ovules c) Egg d) Sperm
7. What is the name of the small reproductive cells that can give rise to new plants? a) Spores b) Seeds c) Bulbs d) Tubers
8. What is the name of the small bulbs that form on the leaf axils of plants and can develop into new plants? a) Bulbils b) Runners c) Rhizomes d) Tubers
9. What is the name of the type of pollination where pollen is transferred by wind? a) Anemophily b) Hydrophily c) Entomophily d) Zoophily
10. What is the name of the process by which new plants can grow from a piece of the parent plant? a) Vegetative reproduction b) Binary fission c) Sexual reproduction d) Fragmentation
11. What is the name of the part of the flower that contains the ovules? a) Pistil b) Anther c) Petals d) Sepals
12. What is the name of the protective layer of a flower bud called? a) Calyx b) Corolla c) Receptacle d) Sepals
13. What is the name of the part of the flower that produces the pollen? a) Pistil b) Anther c) Petals d) Sepals
14. What is the name of the stalk that supports the flower? a) Peduncle b) Pedicel c) Ovary d) Stigma
15. What is the name of the part of the flower that surrounds the reproductive organs? a) Perianth b) Androecium c) Gynoecium d) Carpel
16. What is the name of the part of the flower that attracts pollinators? a) Nectar b) Pollen c) Stamen d) Petals
17. What is the name of the part of the flower that is responsible for the storage of food? a) Ovary b) Pistil c) Anther d) Receptacle
18. What is the name of the part of the flower that supports the pistil? a) Filament b) Style c) Stigma d) Ovary
19. What is the name of the part of the flower that connects the ovary to the style? a) Filament b) Style c) Stigma d) Ovary
20. What is the name of the part of the flower that surrounds the reproductive organs? a) Perianth b) Androecium c) Gynoecium d) Carpel

Part B Theory  

• Define reproduction in plants
• Explain Sexual reproduction
• Mention Parts of a flower
• Explain Pollination of flower

Assignment

Prepare for the next lesson by reading about Reproduction in plants