Understanding Nominalization of Adjectives and Verbs in English Grammar
NAME OF TEACHER: [Teacher’s Name]
Date: [Date]
Class: SS2
Duration: 40 minutes
Lesson Title: Nominalization of Adjectives and Verbs
Learning Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
- Explain the concept of nominalization of adjectives and verbs.
- Identify how adjectives and verbs can be transformed into nouns.
- Apply the rules of nominalization to form nouns from adjectives and verbs.
- Demonstrate an understanding of voiced and voiceless consonant sounds.
- Summarize a text effectively, focusing on brevity, relevance, clarity, and proper coverage.
Key Words:
- Nominalization
- Suffix
- Prefix
- Voiced sounds
- Voiceless sounds
Resources:
- www.Thought.com
- Phonics and Phonology by Peter Roach
- Videos on consonant sounds
Building Background:
Students have prior knowledge of adjectives and verbs. They understand how to form basic sentences and recognize different parts of speech.
Content:
Aspect: Grammar
Topic: Nominalization of Adjectives and Verbs
Nominalization is a grammatical process used to transform adjectives and verbs into nouns. This allows these words to function as the subject or object of a sentence.
Example:
- Verb to Noun: “Exercising is essential for good health.”
Here, “exercise” (a verb) has been transformed into “exercising” (a noun), which functions as the subject of the sentence.
In Linguistics:
Nominalization is the process of using a non-noun word (verb, adjective, adverb) as a noun or as the head of a noun phrase. This often involves adding suffixes to verbs or adjectives to change their part of speech.
How Nominalization is Formed:
Nominalization typically involves adding a suffix to an adjective or verb. A suffix is a meaningful unit of language added to the end of a word to change its meaning or grammatical function.
Examples of Nominalization:
- Verb to Noun:
- Excite → Excitement
- Inform → Information
- Play → Playfulness
- Adjective to Noun:
- Happy → Happiness
- Poor → Poverty
- Strong → Strength
Common Suffixes:
- -tion (as in action from act)
- -ness (as in happiness from happy)
- -ment (as in enjoyment from enjoy)
- -ity (as in simplicity from simple)
Formation of Verbs from Adjectives:
| Adjective | Verb |
|---|---|
| Able | Enable |
| Rich | Enrich |
| Wide | Widen |
| Specific | Specify |
| Popular | Popularize |
Examples:
- “She made the room wider by removing the furniture.”
- “The company will enlarge its facilities.”
Speech Work
Topic: Consonant Sounds /j/ and /ʋ/
Consonant sounds are produced when there is an obstruction in the airflow. In English, consonants can be voiced or voiceless, based on whether the vocal cords vibrate during production.
- Voiced sounds are made when the vocal cords vibrate.
- Examples: /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /ʒ/, /j/
- Voiceless sounds are made when the vocal cords do not vibrate.
- Examples: /p/, /t/, /k/, /s/, /f/, /h/
Consonant Sound /j/:
This sound is a semi-vowel and is similar to the vowel sound /i/. It is often found at the beginning of words or after certain consonants.
Examples:
- Ye – /ji:/
- Year – /jɪər/
- Yes – /jɛs/
Consonant Sound /ʋ/:
This is a voiced labiodental fricative sound, similar to the English “v” sound but pronounced with the upper teeth touching the lower lip.
Example:
- Vase – /ʋeɪs/
Summary Writing
Summary writing is about condensing a long passage into a short, clear, and accurate version that still retains all the key points. Students must focus on the main ideas without adding extra details.
Key Principles:
- Brevity: Keep it short and to the point. Avoid unnecessary details.
- Relevance: Only include information that is relevant to the original passage.
- Proper Coverage: Ensure that all major points from the passage are included.
- Clarity: Write clearly and in simple language to make the summary easy to understand.
Strategies/Activities:
- Step 1: Teacher explains adjectives and verbs with examples.
- Step 2: Teacher introduces nominalization with examples and explains how to form nouns from verbs and adjectives.
- Step 3: Students practice forming nouns from adjectives and verbs.
- Step 4: Teacher plays a video on consonant sounds for better understanding.
- Step 5: Teacher introduces summary writing strategies.
Multiple Choice Options:
- Nominalization is the process of turning a _______ or _______ into a noun.
- a) verb, adjective
- b) noun, verb
- c) adjective, adverb
- d) pronoun, verb
- The suffix “-ment” in “enjoyment” is used to change the _______ into a noun.
- a) verb
- b) adjective
- c) adverb
- d) noun
- The word “happiness” is formed by nominalizing the adjective _______.
- a) happy
- b) sad
- c) joy
- d) angry
- The word “exercise” becomes _______ when nominalized.
- a) exercising
- b) exercisement
- c) exercize
- d) exercise
- A _______ sound is produced when the vocal cords vibrate.
- a) voiceless
- b) silent
- c) voiced
- d) nasal
- The consonant sound /ʋ/ is a _______ sound.
- a) voiced
- b) voiceless
- c) nasal
- d) fricative
- A verb like “play” can be nominalized into _______.
- a) playing
- b) player
- c) playment
- d) playfulness
- The suffix “-ness” is used to turn the adjective _______ into a noun.
- a) strong
- b) power
- c) joy
- d) sadness
- The word “widen” is the verb form of the adjective _______.
- a) wide
- b) widen
- c) wideness
- d) widenessness
- The consonant sound /j/ is commonly found in words like _______.
- a) yes
- b) zoo
- c) bag
- d) shirt
- “__________” is the process of changing a verb into a noun.
- a) Nominalization
- b) Conjugation
- c) Adverbialization
- d) Personification
- The word “demonstrative” can be changed into the noun “________”.
- a) demonstration
- b) demonstrate
- c) demonstrated
- d) demonstrability
- The suffix “-tion” is used to create a noun from the verb _______.
- a) act
- b) action
- c) activate
- d) acting
- A sound produced without vocal cord vibration is called a _______ sound.
- a) voiced
- b) voiceless
- c) glottal
- d) nasal
- The suffix “-ity” is used to form a noun from the adjective _______.
- a) happy
- b) specific
- c) fast
- d) solid
Class Activity Discussion
- What is nominalization?
- Nominalization is the process of converting a verb or adjective into a noun.
- How is a verb nominalized?
- A verb can be nominalized by adding a suffix like “-tion,” “-ment,” or “-ing.”
- Can all adjectives be nominalized?
- Most adjectives can be nominalized, often by adding the suffix “-ness” or “-ity.”
- What is an example of nominalizing a verb?
- For example, the verb “decide” becomes the noun “decision” after nominalization.
- What is the difference between voiced and voiceless consonants?
- Voiced consonants are made when the vocal cords vibrate, while voiceless consonants are produced without vocal cord vibration.
- What is the function of nominalization in a sentence?
- Nominalization allows adjectives and verbs to function as nouns, serving as subjects or objects in sentences.
- What is a suffix in nominalization?
- A suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning or grammatical function.
- What is an example of an adjective turned into a noun?
- The adjective “rich” can be turned into the noun “richness.”
- Can you give an example of nominalizing a verb with the suffix “-ing”?
- Yes, “running” is the nominalized form of the verb “run.”
- What is the function of the /j/ sound in English?
- The /j/ sound is often used at the beginning of words and sounds like the vowel /i/.
- What are some examples of voiced consonant sounds?
- Examples of voiced consonants include /b/, /d/, /g/, and /v/.
- How is the sound /ʋ/ produced?
- The /ʋ/ sound is produced by vibrating the upper teeth against the lower lip, as in “vase.”
- What is summary writing?
- Summary writing involves condensing a long passage into a short version, focusing on the main points and key ideas.
- How do you write a good summary?
- A good summary should be brief, relevant, clear, and cover the main points of the original text.
- What are some common suffixes used in nominalization?
- Common suffixes for nominalization include “-ment,” “-ness,” “-tion,” and “-ity.”
Evaluation Questions:
- What is nominalization, and how does it function in a sentence?
- Convert the following verb into a noun: “decide.”
- What suffix is added to the verb “act” to form the noun “action”?
- Which of the following is a voiceless consonant sound: /b/, /s/, /g/, or /v/?
- Provide an example of a verb being nominalized with the suffix “-ing.”
- Turn the adjective “strong” into a noun.
- Explain the difference between voiced and voiceless consonants.
- Write a brief summary of a text using the four key principles of summary writing.
- Nominalize the adjective “happy” and use it in a sentence.
- What is the importance of nominalization in academic writing?
Assessment (Evaluation):
Students will be evaluated with the following questions:
- Change the following adjectives to nouns: beautiful, angry, demonstrative.
- Write out five voiced consonant sounds and five voiceless consonant sounds.
- Write a brief summary of a short passage (provided by the teacher).
Wrap-Up (Conclusion):
The teacher will review the lesson, summarizing key points on nominalization and consonant sounds. Students will be asked to revise their notes.
Assignment:
Students will be given a passage to summarize for homework.
HOD/VP’S COMMENTS/ENDORSEMENT:
[To be filled by the Head of Department or Vice Principal]