Understanding Erosion, Types, Causes, and Effects Basic Science Primary 5 First Term Lesson Notes Week 3

Lesson Plan Presentation: Basic Science Primary 5 First Term

Subject: Basic Science
Class: Primary 5
Term: First Term
Week: 3
Age: 9 years
Topic: Changes Around Us (Erosion)
Sub-topic: Understanding Erosion, Types, Causes, and Effects
Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Define erosion.
2. List and explain the types of erosion.
3. Discuss the causes of erosion.
4. Explain the effects of erosion in their environment.

Keywords:

• Erosion
• Soil
• Water
• Wind
• Erosion Sites

Set Induction:

The teacher will start by showing pictures or a video of erosion sites and asking pupils to describe what they see.

Entry Behaviour:

Pupils have seen soil being washed away by rain or blown by wind in their surroundings.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Pictures or videos of erosion sites
• Flashcards with erosion-related terms
• Whiteboard and markers
• Charts of different types of erosion

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

The teacher will connect the lesson to the pupils’ experience of seeing soil, sand, or rocks being moved by wind or water in their environment.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Observation
• Critical thinking
• Collaboration

Learning Materials:

• Textbooks (Lagos State Scheme of Work)
• Notebooks
• Writing materials

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Basic Science Textbook for Primary 5

Instructional Materials:

• Printed images or charts of erosion
• Flashcards
• Group discussion worksheets

Content:

The lesson will focus on understanding what erosion is, the different types of erosion, their causes, and the impact of erosion on the environment.

1. Meaning of Erosion:
   • Erosion is the process by which soil, sand, and rocks are moved from one place to another by wind, water, or human activities.
2. Types of Erosion:
   • Water Erosion: Caused by rain, rivers, or floods washing away soil.
   • Wind Erosion: Caused by strong winds blowing away loose soil or sand.
   • Soil Erosion: The gradual removal of topsoil due to water, wind, or farming activities.
   • Gully Erosion: The formation of large ditches or gullies as a result of water cutting through soil.
3. Causes of Erosion:
   • Natural Causes: Heavy rainfall, strong winds, and floods.
   • Human Activities: Deforestation, overgrazing, poor farming practices, and construction work.
4. Effects of Erosion:
   • Loss of fertile soil
   • Destruction of farmlands
   • Formation of gullies that make land unusable
   • Increased risk of landslides and flooding

Evaluation:

Fill in the blanks with the correct options (a, b, c, or d).

1. Erosion is the process of ______ soil from one place to another.
   a) Adding
   b) Removing
   c) Growing
   d) Keeping
2. ______ erosion is caused by rain or rivers.
   a) Wind
   b) Water
   c) Soil
   d) Gully
3. Strong winds cause ______ erosion.
   a) Water
   b) Wind
   c) Soil
   d) Gully
4. The gradual removal of topsoil is called ______ erosion.
   a) Water
   b) Wind
   c) Soil
   d) Gully
5. Large ditches formed by water cutting through soil are called ______.
   a) Hills
   b) Gullies
   c) Valleys
   d) Mountains
6. Deforestation can lead to ______.
   a) Increased soil stability
   b) Soil erosion
   c) Forest growth
   d) Planting trees
7. One effect of erosion is the loss of ______ soil.
   a) Fertile
   b) Dry
   c) Rocky
   d) Sandy
8. Erosion can destroy ______.
   a) Farmlands
   b) Rivers
   c) Cities
   d) Mountains
9. Heavy rainfall can cause ______ erosion.
   a) Wind
   b) Water
   c) Soil
   d) Gully
10. Human activities like ______ can cause erosion.
    a) Deforestation
    b) Planting trees
    c) Building terraces
    d) Conserving water
11. The removal of vegetation can lead to ______ erosion.
    a) Water
    b) Wind
    c) Gully
    d) All of the above
12. Flooding can lead to ______ erosion.
    a) Water
    b) Wind
    c) Soil
    d) Gully
13. Poor farming practices can cause ______ erosion.
    a) Soil
    b) Wind
    c) Water
    d) Gully
14. Erosion can increase the risk of ______.
    a) Landslides
    b) Earthquakes
    c) Hurricanes
    d) Volcanoes
15. To prevent erosion, we should ______.
    a) Cut down trees
    b) Plant more trees
    c) Build roads
    d) Use more water

Class Activity Discussion:

1. What is erosion?
2. How does water cause erosion?
3. What are the different types of erosion?
4. Why is wind erosion more common in desert areas?
5. What are some human activities that lead to erosion?
6. How does deforestation contribute to erosion?
7. Why is soil erosion harmful to farmers?
8. What are the effects of gully erosion on the environment?
9. How can we prevent erosion in our communities?
10. What is the impact of erosion on farmlands?
11. How can planting trees help reduce erosion?
12. What role does water play in the process of erosion?
13. How does erosion affect our roads and buildings?
14. Why is it important to stop erosion?
15. What can we do to protect our environment from erosion?

Presentation:

Step 1:
The teacher revises the previous topic, which was “Environmental Quality.”

• Ask pupils to recall what they learned about environmental quality and the difference between a healthy and a degraded environment.

Step 2:
The teacher introduces the new topic as follows:

• Explain that today’s lesson will focus on erosion, a process that changes the land around us and can cause serious problems.

Step 3:
The teacher allows the pupils to give their own contributions and the teacher corrects the pupils when and where necessary.

• Organize pupils into small groups to walk around the class, observing and discussing pictures of different erosion sites.
• Facilitate group discussions on the causes of erosion and encourage pupils to share their observations and findings.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Show images or videos of erosion to illustrate different types and causes.
• Explain the key concepts related to erosion.
• Facilitate group activities and discussions.
• Provide guidance during the pupils’ observations and discussions.

Learners’ Activities:

• Walk around the class to observe pictures of erosion sites.
• Discuss and define erosion in their own words.
• List and explain the types of erosion in pairs.
• Visit or study charts of erosion sites and record their observations.
• Discuss the causes of erosion in small groups and present their findings to the class.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What is erosion?
2. How does wind cause erosion?
3. Name two types of erosion.
4. What is the effect of deforestation on soil?
5. Why is gully erosion dangerous?
6. What happens to farmland when it is eroded?
7. How can human activities lead to erosion?
8. What can we do to reduce wind erosion?
9. What is the role of water in soil erosion?
10. How does erosion affect the environment?

Conclusion:

The teacher goes around to assess the pupils’ group discussions and written observations. The teacher also emphasizes the importance of preventing erosion in the environment.