Understanding Erosion, Types, Causes, and Effects Basic Science Primary 5 First Term Lesson Notes Week 3
Lesson Plan Presentation: Basic Science Primary 5 First Term
Subject: Basic Science
Class: Primary 5
Term: First Term
Week: 3
Age: 9 years
Topic: Changes Around Us (Erosion)
Sub-topic: Understanding Erosion, Types, Causes, and Effects
Duration: 40 minutes
Behavioural Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Define erosion.
- List and explain the types of erosion.
- Discuss the causes of erosion.
- Explain the effects of erosion in their environment.
Keywords:
- Erosion
- Soil
- Water
- Wind
- Erosion Sites
Set Induction:
The teacher will start by showing pictures or a video of erosion sites and asking pupils to describe what they see.
Entry Behaviour:
Pupils have seen soil being washed away by rain or blown by wind in their surroundings.
Learning Resources and Materials:
- Pictures or videos of erosion sites
- Flashcards with erosion-related terms
- Whiteboard and markers
- Charts of different types of erosion
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:
The teacher will connect the lesson to the pupils’ experience of seeing soil, sand, or rocks being moved by wind or water in their environment.
Embedded Core Skills:
- Observation
- Critical thinking
- Collaboration
Learning Materials:
- Textbooks (Lagos State Scheme of Work)
- Notebooks
- Writing materials
Reference Books:
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Basic Science Textbook for Primary 5
Instructional Materials:
- Printed images or charts of erosion
- Flashcards
- Group discussion worksheets
Content:
The lesson will focus on understanding what erosion is, the different types of erosion, their causes, and the impact of erosion on the environment.
- Meaning of Erosion:
- Erosion is the process by which soil, sand, and rocks are moved from one place to another by wind, water, or human activities.
- Types of Erosion:
- Water Erosion: Caused by rain, rivers, or floods washing away soil.
- Wind Erosion: Caused by strong winds blowing away loose soil or sand.
- Soil Erosion: The gradual removal of topsoil due to water, wind, or farming activities.
- Gully Erosion: The formation of large ditches or gullies as a result of water cutting through soil.
- Causes of Erosion:
- Natural Causes: Heavy rainfall, strong winds, and floods.
- Human Activities: Deforestation, overgrazing, poor farming practices, and construction work.
- Effects of Erosion:
- Loss of fertile soil
- Destruction of farmlands
- Formation of gullies that make land unusable
- Increased risk of landslides and flooding
Evaluation:
Fill in the blanks with the correct options (a, b, c, or d).
- Erosion is the process of ______ soil from one place to another.
a) Adding
b) Removing
c) Growing
d) Keeping - ______ erosion is caused by rain or rivers.
a) Wind
b) Water
c) Soil
d) Gully - Strong winds cause ______ erosion.
a) Water
b) Wind
c) Soil
d) Gully - The gradual removal of topsoil is called ______ erosion.
a) Water
b) Wind
c) Soil
d) Gully - Large ditches formed by water cutting through soil are called ______.
a) Hills
b) Gullies
c) Valleys
d) Mountains - Deforestation can lead to ______.
a) Increased soil stability
b) Soil erosion
c) Forest growth
d) Planting trees - One effect of erosion is the loss of ______ soil.
a) Fertile
b) Dry
c) Rocky
d) Sandy - Erosion can destroy ______.
a) Farmlands
b) Rivers
c) Cities
d) Mountains - Heavy rainfall can cause ______ erosion.
a) Wind
b) Water
c) Soil
d) Gully - Human activities like ______ can cause erosion.
a) Deforestation
b) Planting trees
c) Building terraces
d) Conserving water - The removal of vegetation can lead to ______ erosion.
a) Water
b) Wind
c) Gully
d) All of the above - Flooding can lead to ______ erosion.
a) Water
b) Wind
c) Soil
d) Gully - Poor farming practices can cause ______ erosion.
a) Soil
b) Wind
c) Water
d) Gully - Erosion can increase the risk of ______.
a) Landslides
b) Earthquakes
c) Hurricanes
d) Volcanoes - To prevent erosion, we should ______.
a) Cut down trees
b) Plant more trees
c) Build roads
d) Use more water
Class Activity Discussion:
- What is erosion?
- How does water cause erosion?
- What are the different types of erosion?
- Why is wind erosion more common in desert areas?
- What are some human activities that lead to erosion?
- How does deforestation contribute to erosion?
- Why is soil erosion harmful to farmers?
- What are the effects of gully erosion on the environment?
- How can we prevent erosion in our communities?
- What is the impact of erosion on farmlands?
- How can planting trees help reduce erosion?
- What role does water play in the process of erosion?
- How does erosion affect our roads and buildings?
- Why is it important to stop erosion?
- What can we do to protect our environment from erosion?
Presentation:
Step 1:
The teacher revises the previous topic, which was “Environmental Quality.”
- Ask pupils to recall what they learned about environmental quality and the difference between a healthy and a degraded environment.
Step 2:
The teacher introduces the new topic as follows:
- Explain that today’s lesson will focus on erosion, a process that changes the land around us and can cause serious problems.
Step 3:
The teacher allows the pupils to give their own contributions and the teacher corrects the pupils when and where necessary.
- Organize pupils into small groups to walk around the class, observing and discussing pictures of different erosion sites.
- Facilitate group discussions on the causes of erosion and encourage pupils to share their observations and findings.
Teacher’s Activities:
- Show images or videos of erosion to illustrate different types and causes.
- Explain the key concepts related to erosion.
- Facilitate group activities and discussions.
- Provide guidance during the pupils’ observations and discussions.
Learners’ Activities:
- Walk around the class to observe pictures of erosion sites.
- Discuss and define erosion in their own words.
- List and explain the types of erosion in pairs.
- Visit or study charts of erosion sites and record their observations.
- Discuss the causes of erosion in small groups and present their findings to the class.
Evaluation Questions:
- What is erosion?
- How does wind cause erosion?
- Name two types of erosion.
- What is the effect of deforestation on soil?
- Why is gully erosion dangerous?
- What happens to farmland when it is eroded?
- How can human activities lead to erosion?
- What can we do to reduce wind erosion?
- What is the role of water in soil erosion?
- How does erosion affect the environment?
Conclusion:
The teacher goes around to assess the pupils’ group discussions and written observations. The teacher also emphasizes the importance of preventing erosion in the environment.