Understanding Nutrition and Family Size Physical and Health Education Primary 5 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 2

Subject :

PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION

Topic :

1. Characteristics of nutrition deficient Person
2. Consequence of family Size on Nutrition

Sub-topic: Exploring characteristics of nutrition deficiency and consequences of large family size on nutrition

Duration: 45 minutes

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge: Begin by asking students if they know what it means to be healthy and what kinds of foods they eat at home. Relate the discussion to the importance of eating a balanced diet and how family size can affect food availability.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking: Analyzing the consequences of large family size on nutrition.
• Communication: Expressing ideas and asking questions during discussions.
• Problem-solving: Identifying solutions to improve nutrition in large families.

Class :

PRIMARY FIVE (5)

THIRD TERM

WEEK 1

LEARNING MATERIALS

• Whiteboard/Chalkboard
• Explanatory posters/pictures
• Fruits
• Palm oil
• Vegetable oil
• Vegetables
• Grains

Instructional Materials :

• Lagos State Scheme of Work.
• Online Materials.
• Physical and Health Education for Primary Schools

Previous Knowledge :

The pupils have been taught

• Sources of food Nutrient
• Nutritional deficiencies Diseases          in their previous lesson

Behavioural Objectives :  At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to

• Say the sources of food nutrients.
• Explain some thing about Nutrition deficiencies
• write out the characteristics of deficiency in a person
• explain the meaning of family size.
• say the consequences of large family size on the nutrition of family members.

Content :

Sources of Food Nutrients:

1. Carbohydrates: Provide energy, found in foods like rice 🍚 and bread 🍞.
2. Protein: Helps us grow strong, found in foods like beans 🍛 and eggs 🥚.
3. Fat: Gives us energy, found in oils like palm oil 🌴 and vegetable oil 🥦.
4. Vitamins: Protect us from diseases, found in fruits 🍎 and vegetables 🥕.
5. Minerals: Build strong bones and teeth, found in milk 🥛 and meat 🍖.
6. Water: Carries nutrients and removes waste from the body 💧.

Nutrition Deficiencies:

• Lack of essential nutrients in the diet.
• Can lead to diseases like Kwashiorkor and Rickets.

Characteristics of Deficiency in a Person:

• Weakness and tiredness 😴
• Poor growth and development 📉
• Skin and hair problems 🤕

Meaning of Family Size:

• Number of people in a family 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦

Consequences of Large Family Size on Nutrition:

• Not enough food to go around 🍽️
• Harder to afford nutritious foods 🥦
• Family members may not get enough nutrients for good health 💔

Characteristics of a Nutrition Deficient Person:

• Fatigue: Feeling very tired 😴
• Poor night vision: Difficulty seeing in the dark 🌙
• Muscle pain and weakness: Trouble moving and lifting things 🏋️‍♂️
• Depression: Feeling sad and unhappy 😞
• Easy bruising: Getting bruises easily from minor bumps and knocks 🤕
• Dry hair: Hair that feels rough and lacks shine 💇‍♂️
• Tingly feet and wobbly walking: Strange sensations in the feet and difficulty walking steadily 🚶‍♂️
• Fragile fingernails: Nails that break easily and look weak 💅
• Frequent infections: Getting sick often from germs 🤒
• Stretch marks: Lines on the skin from rapid growth or weight gain/stretching 📏
• Cracks in the corners of your mouth: Painful splits in the skin around the mouth 👄
• Ageing in children: Looking older than their age due to poor nutrition 👶

Consequences of Family Size on Nutrition:

• Frequent visits to the hospital for medication due to poor nutrition 🏥
• Lack of enough food to go around 🍽️
• Poor health leading to diseases like Kwashiorkor, anemia, and scurvy 🤒
• Low child care resulting in neglect of children’s nutritional needs 👶
• Exposure to dirty environments due to overcrowding 🏠
• Begging for food or money due to poverty 💸
• Stunted growth: Not growing as tall or strong as they should for their age 📉
• Leading to poverty due to high expenses on medical bills and lack of productivity 💰
• Starvation: Not having enough food to eat, leading to hunger and malnutrition 🍲

Evaluation:

1. A characteristic of a nutrition-deficient person is ________. a) strong muscles b) poor night vision c) shiny hair d) high energy levels
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nutrition deficiency? a) Fatigue b) Clear skin c) Muscle pain and weakness d) Depression
3. What might a person with poor night vision experience? a) Clear vision in the dark b) Difficulty seeing at night c) Strong eyesight d) Improved vision with age
4. A consequence of large family size on nutrition is ________. a) frequent visits to the hospital b) having plenty of food c) excellent health d) lack of medical care
5. Lack of enough food is a result of ________. a) small family size b) large family size c) good nutrition d) regular meals
6. What disease might a person from a large family be a victim of? a) Happiness b) Scurvy c) Well-being d) Strong immunity
7. Exposure to dirty environments can happen due to ________. a) small family size b) large family size c) good hygiene practices d) living alone
8. Stunted growth may occur in children from large families due to ________. a) good nutrition b) regular exercise c) proper care d) lack of adequate food
9. Poverty can result from ________. a) good nutrition b) large family size c) access to healthcare d) high income
10. What might a person with dry hair experience? a) Shiny and moisturized hair b) Hair that breaks easily c) Strong and healthy hair d) Long and curly hair
11. A consequence of large family size on nutrition is frequent ________. a) laughter b) hospital visits for medication c) vacations d) exercise
12. What might a person with tingly feet and wobbly walking feel? a) Stable and strong walking b) Strange sensations in the feet c) Comfortable shoes d) Easy running
13. Which disease is NOT mentioned as a consequence of large family size? a) Kwashiorkor b) Anemia c) Happiness d) Scurvy
14. Cracks in the corners of the mouth can be a sign of ________. a) good health b) poor nutrition c) excessive eating d) happiness
15. What might a person with fragile fingernails experience? a) Strong and unbreakable nails b) Nails that easily break c) Long and shiny nails d) Perfectly manicured nails

Class Activity Discussion about Nutrition Deficiency and Family Size:

1. What are some signs of nutrition deficiency?
   • Signs include fatigue, poor night vision, and muscle pain.
2. Why might someone with poor nutrition feel tired all the time?
   • Lack of essential nutrients can make the body weak and tired.
3. How can poor nutrition affect a person’s vision?
   • It can cause poor night vision and difficulty seeing clearly.
4. What can happen to a person’s muscles if they don’t get enough nutrients?
   • They may experience pain, weakness, and difficulty moving.
5. What emotional effect can poor nutrition have on someone?
   • It can lead to feelings of sadness and depression.
6. Why might someone with poor nutrition bruise easily?
   • Lack of nutrients can weaken blood vessels, leading to easy bruising.
7. What might dry hair indicate about someone’s diet?
   • It could mean they’re not getting enough nutrients for healthy hair.
8. What does it mean if someone’s feet feel tingly and they walk unsteadily?
   • It could be a sign of nerve damage due to poor nutrition.
9. Why might someone’s fingernails be fragile and easily break?
   • Poor nutrition can affect nail health, making them weak.
10. How does poor nutrition affect the body’s ability to fight infections?
    • It weakens the immune system, making it easier to get sick.
11. What are some consequences of large family size on nutrition?
    • Consequences include frequent hospital visits, lack of enough food, and diseases like Kwashiorkor.
12. How can exposure to a dirty environment affect nutrition?
    • It can lead to infections and make it harder to stay healthy.
13. What might happen to children in large families if they don’t receive proper care?
    • They may experience stunted growth and not develop as they should.
14. Why might poverty be a consequence of large family size?
    • Large families may struggle to afford enough food and healthcare.
15. What can happen if a family doesn’t have enough food to eat?
    • It can lead to starvation and serious health problems for family members.

Presentation:

Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic, which was understanding the importance of exercise in maintaining good health. Recap key points from the previous lesson and relate them to the new topic.

Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic by explaining what nutrition deficiency is and discussing the characteristics listed on the board. Show visual aids of each characteristic and explain how poor nutrition can affect the body.

Step 3: The teacher allows students to give their own contributions and corrects any misunderstandings. Encourage students to share if they have experienced any of the symptoms discussed and emphasize the importance of eating a variety of healthy foods.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Facilitate class discussion
• Provide explanations and examples
• Correct misconceptions

Learners’ Activities:

• Participate in discussions
• Share personal experiences and observations
• Ask questions for clarification

Assessment: Observe students’ participation during discussions and their ability to identify characteristics of nutrition deficiency. Review completed worksheets to assess understanding of the consequences of large family size on nutrition.

Ten Evaluation Questions Related to the Topic:

1. What are some characteristics of a nutrition-deficient person?
2. How can poor nutrition affect a person’s health?
3. What does it mean if someone experiences easy bruising?
4. What might happen if a family doesn’t have enough food to eat?
5. Why might children in large families experience stunted growth?
6. What is the consequence of exposure to a dirty environment?
7. How can poor nutrition affect a person’s mental health?
8. What are some diseases that can result from poor nutrition?
9. Why might poverty be a consequence of large family size?
10. How can family planning help improve nutrition in large families?

Conclusion: The teacher goes round to mark and make necessary corrections on the topic above. Review key points covered in the lesson and encourage students to share what they’ve learned with their families to promote healthy habits.