Understanding Types of Pathogens and Diseases Physical and Health Education Primary 4 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 6
Detailed Lesson Plan: Pathogens and Diseases
Subject
Physical and Health Education
Class
Primary 4
Term
Third Term
Week
6
Topic
Pathogens and Diseases
Sub-topic
Understanding Types of Pathogens and Diseases
Duration
40 minutes
Behavioural Objectives
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Define what pathogens are.
- Identify different types of pathogens.
- Describe the meaning of diseases and differentiate between communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Key Words
- Pathogens
- Diseases
- Communicable
- Non-communicable
Entry Behaviour
Pupils have basic knowledge of health and hygiene.
Learning Resources and Materials
- Pictures of pathogens
- Diagrams explaining diseases
- Examples of communicable and non-communicable diseases
Building Background / Connection to Prior Knowledge
Ask pupils if they have ever heard about germs and how they can make us sick.
Embedded Core Skills
- Critical thinking
- Vocabulary development
- Health awareness
Reference Books
Lagos State Scheme of Work for Physical and Health Education, Primary 4
Instructional Materials
- Pathogen posters
- Disease diagrams
- Flashcards with disease names
Content
i. Understanding Pathogens
- Meaning of Pathogen:
- Pathogens are tiny organisms that can make us sick.
- Types of Pathogens:
- Bacteria, viruses, fungi, worms, and protozoa.
ii. Understanding Diseases
- Meaning of Diseases:
- Diseases are illnesses or conditions that affect our health.
- Types of Diseases:
- Communicable diseases can spread from person to person.
- Non-communicable diseases do not spread from person to person.
Pathogens and Diseases
i. Pathogens
- Meaning of Pathogen:
- Pathogens are tiny organisms that can cause diseases in living things.
- Examples: Bacteria, viruses, fungi, worms, and protozoa.
- Types of Pathogens:
- Bacteria 🦠
- Viruses 🦠
- Fungi 🍄
- Worms 🪱
- Protozoa 🦠
ii. Diseases
- Meaning of Diseases:
- Diseases are illnesses or conditions that affect the body’s normal functions.
- Types of Diseases:
- Communicable Diseases: These can spread from one person to another.
- Non-Communicable Diseases: These do not spread from person to person.
- Difference between Pathogens and Diseases:
- Pathogens are the tiny organisms that cause diseases, while diseases are the illnesses themselves.
- Difference between Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases:
- Communicable diseases can spread from person to person, while non-communicable diseases cannot spread in this way.
Remember:
- Pathogens are like tiny invaders that make us sick, but we can protect ourselves by staying clean and healthy! 🚿💪
Relay Skills Physical and Health Education Primary 4 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 3
Class Activity Discussion for Grade 4
- What is a pathogen?
- A pathogen is a tiny organism that can make us sick.
- Can you name some types of pathogens?
- Yes, some types are bacteria, viruses, fungi, worms, and protozoa.
- What are diseases?
- Diseases are sicknesses or conditions that affect our bodies.
- Can you explain the difference between pathogens and diseases?
- Pathogens are the tiny things that cause diseases, while diseases are the sicknesses themselves.
- What are communicable diseases?
- Communicable diseases can spread from one person to another.
- Can you give examples of communicable diseases?
- Yes, examples include cough and cold, flu, and chickenpox.
- What about non-communicable diseases?
- Non-communicable diseases cannot spread from person to person.
- Could you list some non-communicable diseases?
- Sure, examples are asthma, diabetes, and heart disease.
- How do pathogens make us sick?
- Pathogens can enter our bodies and cause harm by making us feel unwell.
- Why is it important to know about pathogens and diseases?
- It helps us understand how to stay healthy and avoid getting sick.
- Can you catch a disease from someone else’s cough?
- Yes, diseases like the flu and cold can spread through coughing.
- Are all diseases caused by pathogens?
- No, not all diseases are caused by pathogens; some can be caused by other factors like genetics or lifestyle.
- How can we protect ourselves from pathogens?
- We can wash our hands regularly, eat healthy foods, and avoid close contact with sick people.
- What should we do if we feel unwell?
- We should tell an adult and see a doctor if we feel sick.
- Why is it important to learn about communicable and non-communicable diseases?
- Understanding these helps us know how to prevent and manage different types of illnesses.
Evaluation Questions
- Pathogens are tiny organisms that can cause __________ in living things.
- a) Health
- b) Happiness
- c) Diseases
- d) Growth
- The types of pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, __________, and protozoa.
- a) Plants
- b) Animals
- c) Worms
- d) Rocks
- __________ are illnesses that affect the body’s normal functions.
- a) Pathogens
- b) Diseases
- c) Plants
- d) Animals
- __________ diseases can spread from one person to another.
- a) Communicable
- b) Non-communicable
- c) Physical
- d) Emotional
- Bacteria, viruses, and fungi are examples of __________.
- a) Diseases
- b) Pathogens
- c) Plants
- d) Animals
- Protozoa are a type of __________.
- a) Disease
- b) Pathogen
- c) Plant
- d) Animal
- __________ are tiny organisms that cause diseases.
- a) Diseases
- b) Pathogens
- c) Plants
- d) Animals
- __________ diseases cannot spread from person to person.
- a) Communicable
- b) Non-communicable
- c) Emotional
- d) Physical
- Pathogens are different from diseases because pathogens are the tiny organisms that cause __________.
- a) Health
- b) Happiness
- c) Diseases
- d) Growth
- Non-communicable diseases do not spread from person to person, unlike __________ diseases.
- a) Communicable
- b) Non-communicable
- c) Emotional
- d) Physical
- __________ are examples of communicable diseases.
- a) Cough and cold
- b) Diabetes and asthma
- c) Heart disease and cancer
- d) Allergy and obesity
- Bacteria, viruses, and fungi are types of __________.
- a) Diseases
- b) Animals
- c) Pathogens
- d) Plants
- Protozoa are a type of __________.
- a) Animal
- b) Plant
- c) Pathogen
- d) Disease
- Communicable diseases can spread through __________.
- a) Talking
- b) Sharing toys
- c) Sleeping
- d) Reading
- Non-communicable diseases are not spread through __________.
- a) Breathing
- b) Eating
- c) Touching
- d) Sleeping
Presentation
Step 1: Revising the Previous Topic
- The teacher revises the previous topic on Swimming Strokes and Safety Rules.
- Ask pupils to recall the main strokes in swimming and why safety rules are important.
Step 2: Introducing the New Topic
- The teacher introduces the new topic: “Pathogens and Diseases”.
- Show pictures of different pathogens and ask pupils if they know what they are.
Step 3: Engaging the Pupils
- The teacher explains the meaning of pathogens and diseases in simple terms.
- Pupils discuss different types of diseases they have heard about and whether they think they can spread from person to person.
Teacher’s Activities
- Display posters of different pathogens.
- Explain each type of pathogen using examples.
- Discuss the difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases.
- Show diagrams of common diseases and their effects on the body.
- Encourage pupils to ask questions and participate actively.
Learners’ Activities
- Observe and identify pathogens from pictures.
- Discuss diseases they have heard of and how they think they can be prevented.
- Write down examples of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
- Participate in a Q&A session to reinforce understanding.
Assessment
- Pupils identify different types of pathogens from pictures.
- Pupils list examples of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
- Pupils explain the difference between pathogens and diseases.
Evaluation Questions
- What are pathogens?
- Name one type of pathogen.
- Can you list two examples of communicable diseases?
- What is the difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases?
- Why is it important to wash our hands regularly?
- Name a disease caused by bacteria.
- Can you explain what a virus is?
- What does “non-communicable” mean?
- How can we prevent the spread of diseases?
- Why should we cover our mouths when we cough or sneeze?
Conclusion
- The teacher goes around to check pupils’ understanding and marks their work.
- Pupils are encouraged to continue learning about health and hygiene at home.
- Remind pupils to always wash their hands and stay healthy! 🚿💪