THE HISTORY OF TRADITIONAL OCCUPATIONS OF NIGERIAN PEOPLE NORTHERN NIGERIA

PRIMARY 5 THIRD TERM LESSON NOTES ON HISTORY PRIMARY 5 THIRD TERM

SUBJECT: HISTORY

TERM: THIRD TERM

CLASS: PRIMARY 5

WEEK: WEEK 12

TOPIC:

Traditional occupations of Nigerian People Northern Nigeria

• Location of the northern people of Nigeria
• Nigerian people in the Northern Nigeria
• Various traditional occupations in Northern Nigeria eg Animal husbandry, cereal farming. leather works etc
• Benefits of various occupations of the Northern people of Nigeria
• The concept of primary and secondary occupations ie Animal husbandry – Primary occupation, Leatherwork – Secondary Occupation
• The importance of these occupations to growth and development in Nigeria

PREVIOUS LESSON

• THE HISTORY OF TRADITIONAL OCCUPATIONS OF NIGERIAN PEOPLE SOUTHERN NIGERIA

BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to :

• tell where Northern Nigeria is located
• name the nigerian people of northern Nigeria
• mention the various traditional occupations of the northern people of Nigeria
• establish the connection between the various occupations and their benefits
• differentiate between the concept of primary and secondary occupation

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

1. Pupils as a class state and explain the location of the Northern people of Nigeria
2. Pupils as a class list the Nigerian people in the Northern Nigeria
3. Pupils in small groups name the various traditional occupations in Northern Nigeria
4. Pupils in pairs establish the connectivity between the various traditional occupations in Northern Nigeria and their benefits
5. Pupils as individuals differentiate between the concept of primary and secondary occupation

EMBEDDED CORE SKILLS

1. Critical thinking and problem solving
2. Digital Literacy
3. Communication and Collaboration

LEARNING RESOURCES

• Audio Visual Resources
• Charts showing the basic concepts of the topic
• Weblink 
• Whiteboard or blackboard
• Markers or chalk of people of the Northern in Nigeria
• Multi-choice review questions on intergroup relations in traditional occupations (prepared in advance)
• Textbook or Workbook for review questions (optional)

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CONTENT

Location of the northern people of Nigeria

1. Hausa: The Hausa people are one of the largest ethnic groups in Nigeria, predominantly found in the northern region. They are known for their rich cultural heritage, including their language (Hausa), arts, crafts, and traditions. The Hausa people are known for their skills in trade, agriculture, and handicrafts.
2. Fulani: The Fulani people, also known as Fulbe, are another prominent ethnic group in Northern Nigeria. They are known for their nomadic herding lifestyle and are often associated with cattle-rearing. The Fulani people have a rich cultural heritage, including their language (Fulfulde), traditional dress, music, and oral traditions.
3. Kanuri: The Kanuri people are primarily found in the northeastern part of Nigeria, particularly in Borno state. They are known for their agricultural practices, including farming and fishing, as well as their cultural traditions, music, and dance.
4. Nupe: The Nupe people are primarily found in Niger state, which is located in the central part of Nigeria. They are known for their farming and fishing practices, as well as their traditional arts and crafts, including pottery and weaving.
5. Tiv: The Tiv people are primarily found in Benue state, which is located in the central part of Nigeria. They are known for their agricultural practices, including farming, and are also known for their arts and crafts, including woodcarving and pottery.
6. Kanuri: The Kanuri people are primarily found in Borno state, which is located in the northeastern part of Nigeria. They have a rich history and culture, including their language (Kanuri), traditional dress, music, and dance.
7. Gwari: The Gwari people are primarily found in Niger state and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria, which includes the capital city, Abuja. They are known for their farming and mining practices, as well as their cultural traditions, music, and dance.

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Evaluation

1. Which ethnic group is known for their nomadic herding lifestyle and is often associated with cattle-rearing in Northern Nigeria? a. Igbo b. Yoruba c. Fulani d. Ijaw
2. Which ethnic group is known for their skills in trade, agriculture, and handicrafts in Northern Nigeria? a. Kanuri b. Nupe c. Hausa d. Tiv
3. Which ethnic group is primarily found in Borno state, located in the northeastern part of Nigeria? a. Kanuri b. Tiv c. Gwari d. Fulani
4. Which ethnic group is known for their farming and fishing practices, as well as their traditional arts and crafts, including pottery and weaving in Northern Nigeria? a. Nupe b. Gwari c. Kanuri d. Igala
5. Which ethnic group is primarily found in Niger state and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria, including the capital city, Abuja? a. Tiv b. Gwari c. Hausa d. Kanuri
6. Which ethnic group is known for their agricultural practices, including farming and fishing in Northern Nigeria? a. Kanuri b. Yoruba c. Igbo d. Gwari
7. Which ethnic group is primarily found in Benue state, located in the central part of Nigeria? a. Fulani b. Tiv c. Igala d. Hausa
8. Which ethnic group is known for their traditional arts and crafts, including woodcarving and pottery in Northern Nigeria? a. Nupe b. Hausa c. Tiv d. Gwari
9. Which ethnic group is known for their rich cultural heritage, including their language (Hausa), arts, crafts, and traditions in Northern Nigeria? a. Kanuri b. Fulani c. Tiv d. Igbo
10. Which ethnic group is primarily found in Niger state, located in the central part of Nigeria, and is known for their farming and mining practices? a. Gwari b. Kanuri c. Igbo d. Yoruba

Note: The correct answers are:

1. c. Fulani
2. c. Hausa
3. a. Kanuri
4. a. Nupe
5. b. Gwari
6. a. Kanuri
7. b. Tiv
8. d. Gwari
9. b. Fulani
10. a. Gwari

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Various traditional occupations in Northern Nigeria eg Animal husbandry, cereal farming. leather works etc

1. Animal Husbandry: This involves the rearing of livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goats. The Fulani ethnic group, known for their nomadic herding lifestyle, are often involved in animal husbandry in Northern Nigeria.
2. Cereal Farming: This includes the cultivation of various cereal crops such as millet, sorghum, and maize. Cereal farming is a major agricultural activity in Northern Nigeria, particularly among the Hausa, Kanuri, and Nupe ethnic groups.
3. Leather Works: This involves the processing of animal hides and skins into leather, which is used to make a wide range of products such as shoes, bags, belts, and traditional attires. Leather works are commonly practiced by skilled artisans in Northern Nigeria, especially among the Hausa and Fulani ethnic groups.
4. Pottery: This involves the creation of pottery products such as pots, plates, and bowls using clay. Pottery is a traditional occupation that is still practiced in many parts of Northern Nigeria, with skilled potters creating functional and decorative pottery items.
5. Weaving: This involves the creation of textiles using looms and traditional weaving techniques. Weaving is a traditional occupation that is practiced by various ethnic groups in Northern Nigeria, with different styles and patterns unique to each group.
6. Blacksmithing: This involves the forging and shaping of metal to create tools, weapons, and household items. Blacksmithing is a traditional occupation that has been practiced in Northern Nigeria for centuries, with skilled blacksmiths producing a wide range of metal products.
7. Carpentry: This involves the construction and repair of wooden structures and furniture. Carpentry is a traditional occupation that is practiced by skilled craftsmen in Northern Nigeria, with different styles and techniques used by various ethnic groups.
8. Fishing: This involves the catching and processing of fish from rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water. Fishing is a traditional occupation that is practiced by communities living near water bodies in Northern Nigeria, particularly among the Kanuri and Gwari ethnic groups.
9. Dyeing and Printing: This involves the application of dyes and patterns on fabrics to create colorful designs. Dyeing and printing are traditional occupations that are practiced by skilled artisans in Northern Nigeria, with unique patterns and techniques used by different ethnic groups.
10. Beekeeping: This involves the rearing and harvesting of bees for their honey and other bee products. Beekeeping is a traditional occupation that is practiced in some parts of Northern Nigeria, particularly among rural communities.

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Evaluation

1. Which of the following is a traditional occupation commonly practiced in Northern Nigeria? a) Software development b) Textile manufacturing c) Automobile manufacturing d) Financial services
2. What is a common traditional occupation among the Fulani ethnic group in Northern Nigeria? a) Pottery b) Fishing c) Animal husbandry d) Carpentry
3. Which of the following is NOT a traditional occupation in Northern Nigeria? a) Cereal farming b) Leather works c) Beekeeping d) Mobile phone repair
4. What is a traditional occupation that involves the processing of animal hides and skins into leather in Northern Nigeria? a) Blacksmithing b) Carpentry c) Weaving d) Leather works
5. Which of the following is a traditional occupation related to textiles in Northern Nigeria? a) Beekeeping b) Pottery c) Dyeing and printing d) Fishing
6. What is a traditional occupation related to metalworking in Northern Nigeria? a) Dyeing and printing b) Fishing c) Blacksmithing d) Animal husbandry
7. Which of the following is a common traditional occupation among the Kanuri ethnic group in Northern Nigeria? a) Carpentry b) Pottery c) Cereal farming d) Beekeeping
8. What is a traditional occupation related to clay in Northern Nigeria? a) Fishing b) Beekeeping c) Blacksmithing d) Pottery
9. Which of the following is a traditional occupation related to agriculture in Northern Nigeria? a) Software development b) Textile manufacturing c) Cereal farming d) Financial services
10. What is a traditional occupation related to beekeeping in Northern Nigeria? a) Pottery b) Leather works c) Dyeing and printing d) Beekeeping

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Benefits of various occupations of the Northern people of Nigeria

1. Animal husbandry: Provides a source of food, milk, and income through the sale of animals or animal products such as meat, milk, and hides.
2. Cereal farming: Allows for the cultivation of staple crops such as millet, sorghum, and maize, which provide food for local consumption and potential surplus for trade or sale.
3. Leather works: Involves the processing of animal hides and skins into leather, which can be used for making shoes, bags, belts, and other leather products, providing a potential source of income and employment.
4. Pottery: Enables the creation of pottery items such as pots, bowls, and plates, which can be used for cooking, storage, and serving, as well as sold for income.
5. Blacksmithing: Involves the creation of metal tools, weapons, and utensils, which are essential for various daily activities and can also be sold for income.
6. Textile manufacturing: Provides the opportunity to create textiles and clothing items, which can be used for personal use or sold for income.
7. Beekeeping: Offers the opportunity to harvest honey and beeswax, which can be used for food, medicinal purposes, or sold for income.
8. Carpentry: Involves the creation of wooden furniture, tools, and other wooden items, which are essential for various purposes and can also be sold for income.
9. Dyeing and printing: Enables the creation of colorful fabrics and textiles through the process of dyeing and printing, which can be used for personal use, sold for income, or used for trade.
10. Fishing: Provides a source of food, income, and employment through the capture and sale of fish and other aquatic resources from rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water in the region.

Evaluation

1. What is a potential benefit of animal husbandry for the Northern people of Nigeria? a) Source of food b) Source of fuel c) Source of transportation d) Source of electricity
2. What is a potential benefit of cereal farming for the Northern people of Nigeria? a) Source of building materials b) Source of medicinal plants c) Source of income through the sale of surplus crops d) Source of transportation
3. What is a potential benefit of leather works for the Northern people of Nigeria? a) Source of food b) Source of building materials c) Source of income through the sale of leather products d) Source of fuel
4. What is a potential benefit of pottery for the Northern people of Nigeria? a) Source of electricity b) Source of food c) Source of income through the sale of pottery items d) Source of medicinal plants
5. What is a potential benefit of blacksmithing for the Northern people of Nigeria? a) Source of food b) Source of income through the sale of metal products c) Source of shelter d) Source of transportation
6. What is a potential benefit of textile manufacturing for the Northern people of Nigeria? a) Source of food b) Source of income through the sale of textiles and clothing items c) Source of fuel d) Source of medicinal plants
7. What is a potential benefit of beekeeping for the Northern people of Nigeria? a) Source of food b) Source of building materials c) Source of transportation d) Source of income through the sale of honey and beeswax
8. What is a potential benefit of carpentry for the Northern people of Nigeria? a) Source of food b) Source of income through the sale of wooden products c) Source of medicinal plants d) Source of shelter
9. What is a potential benefit of dyeing and printing for the Northern people of Nigeria? a) Source of food b) Source of income through the sale of colorful fabrics and textiles c) Source of fuel d) Source of transportation
10. What is a potential benefit of fishing for the Northern people of Nigeria? a) Source of income through the sale of fish b) Source of building materials c) Source of medicinal plants d) Source of fuel

The concept of primary and secondary occupations ie Animal husbandry – Primary occupation, Leatherwork – Secondary Occupation

Primary Occupation – Animal Husbandry

• Animal husbandry involves raising animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats for various purposes.
• It is considered a primary occupation because it is one of the main ways people in Northern Nigeria earn their living and provide food for their families.
• Animal husbandry provides essential products such as meat, milk, hides, and skins, which are used for food, clothing, and shelter.
• It requires specialized skills and knowledge to take care of animals, such as feeding, breeding, and healthcare.
• Animal husbandry has been a traditional occupation of the Northern people of Nigeria for centuries and is an important part of their culture and heritage.

Secondary Occupation – Leatherwork

• Leatherwork involves processing animal hides and skins into leather and using it to make various products such as shoes, bags, belts, and other accessories.
• It is considered a secondary occupation because it relies on the primary occupation of animal husbandry for its raw materials (i.e., animal hides and skins).
• Leatherwork is an important economic activity in Northern Nigeria, where skilled artisans create high-quality leather products that are in demand locally and internationally.
• Leatherwork requires specialized skills and craftsmanship to process and transform the raw hides and skins into finished leather products.
• It adds value to the raw materials obtained from animal husbandry and provides additional income for the people engaged in this occupation.

In summary, animal husbandry is a primary occupation that involves raising animals for various purposes, while leatherwork is a secondary occupation that involves processing animal hides and skins into leather products. Both occupations are important to the economy and culture of Northern Nigeria, with animal husbandry providing the raw materials for leatherwork and leatherwork adding value to the raw materials and providing additional income for the people engaged in this occupation.

Evaluation

1. Which of the following is considered a primary occupation in the context of Northern Nigeria? a) Animal husbandry b) Leatherwork c) Textile manufacturing d) Blacksmithing
2. What is the main characteristic of primary occupations? a) They are the most common occupations in a region b) They involve the use of machinery and advanced technology c) They are typically passed down from one generation to another d) They require specialized skills and education
3. Which of the following best describes animal husbandry as a primary occupation? a) Raising animals for meat, milk, and other products b) Manufacturing leather products from animal hides c) Weaving textiles from animal fibers d) Fishing in rivers and lakes for food
4. What is the primary purpose of animal husbandry in Northern Nigeria? a) Source of food and income b) Source of building materials c) Source of fuel d) Source of medicinal plants
5. What is the main characteristic of secondary occupations? a) They are less common than primary occupations b) They involve the use of advanced technology and machinery c) They are typically seasonal in nature d) They require minimal skills and education
6. Which of the following best describes leatherwork as a secondary occupation? a) Manufacturing leather products from animal hides b) Raising animals for meat, milk, and other products c) Weaving textiles from animal fibers d) Fishing in rivers and lakes for food
7. What is the primary purpose of leatherwork as a secondary occupation in Northern Nigeria? a) Source of food b) Source of income through the sale of leather products c) Source of fuel d) Source of medicinal plants
8. What is the relationship between primary and secondary occupations? a) Primary occupations are dependent on secondary occupations b) Secondary occupations are dependent on primary occupations c) Primary and secondary occupations are unrelated d) Primary occupations are more important than secondary occupations
9. Which of the following is an example of a primary occupation? a) Cattle rearing b) Pottery making c) Carpentry d) Dyeing and printing
10. Which of the following is an example of a secondary occupation? a) Leatherwork b) Cereal farming c) Animal husbandry d) Textile manufacturing

The importance of these occupations to growth and development in Nigeria

1. Economic Contribution: Animal husbandry and leatherwork are significant economic activities in Northern Nigeria. Animal husbandry provides a source of income through the sale of meat, milk, hides, and skins, while leatherwork generates revenue through the production and sale of leather products. These occupations contribute to the local economy by creating employment opportunities, generating income for families, and promoting trade and commerce.
2. Food Security: Animal husbandry plays a crucial role in ensuring food security in Nigeria. The meat and milk obtained from animal husbandry are important sources of protein and nutrients in the local diet. Additionally, leatherwork provides leather products such as shoes, belts, and bags, which are essential commodities for daily life. Thus, these occupations contribute to the overall well-being and nutritional needs of the people, promoting their health and development.
3. Cultural Heritage: Animal husbandry and leatherwork have deep cultural significance in Northern Nigeria. These occupations have been an integral part of the local culture and heritage for generations, representing traditional practices, skills, and knowledge passed down through the ages. They contribute to the preservation of local customs, traditions, and craftsmanship, fostering a sense of cultural identity and pride among the people.
4. Value Addition: Leatherwork adds value to the raw materials obtained from animal husbandry by processing hides and skins into high-quality leather products. This value addition increases the economic value of the raw materials and allows for higher prices in the market, leading to increased income for those engaged in leatherwork. This promotes economic growth and development by creating value-added products that can be sold locally and internationally, contributing to foreign exchange earnings.
5. Diversification: Animal husbandry and leatherwork provide diversification to the Nigerian economy, which is largely dependent on oil and gas. These occupations offer alternative sources of income and livelihoods for people in Northern Nigeria, reducing their reliance on a single economic sector. Diversification promotes economic resilience, stability, and sustainability, contributing to long-term growth and development.
6. Skill Development: Animal husbandry and leatherwork require specialized skills and knowledge, providing opportunities for skill development and capacity building among the local population. The acquisition of these skills enhances the employability and income-generating potential of individuals, contributing to human capital development and socio-economic progress.
7. Environmental Sustainability: Animal husbandry, when practiced sustainably, can contribute to environmental conservation by promoting responsible grazing practices, land management, and natural resource conservation. Leatherwork, on the other hand, promotes recycling and upcycling of animal hides and skins, reducing waste and promoting sustainable use of resources.

In summary, animal husbandry and leatherwork are important occupations in Northern Nigeria that contribute to the growth and development of the country through their economic, social, cultural, and environmental significance. They provide income, food security, cultural preservation, value addition, diversification, skill development, and environmental sustainability, all of which are critical for the overall progress of Nigeria.

Evaluation

1. What is one of the main economic contributions of animal husbandry and leatherwork to Nigeria? A) Providing food security B) Promoting cultural heritage C) Enhancing environmental sustainability D) Fostering skill development
2. How do animal husbandry and leatherwork contribute to food security in Nigeria? A) By promoting responsible grazing practices B) By creating employment opportunities C) By generating revenue through the sale of hides and skins D) By providing a source of protein and nutrients in the local diet
3. What is the significance of leatherwork in the context of economic growth and development in Nigeria? A) It promotes recycling and upcycling of animal hides and skins B) It creates employment opportunities for local communities C) It enhances natural resource conservation D) It contributes to foreign exchange earnings
4. How do animal husbandry and leatherwork promote cultural heritage in Nigeria? A) By creating value-added products for export B) By preserving local customs and traditions C) By promoting land management practices D) By providing skills training to the local population
5. What is one of the benefits of animal husbandry and leatherwork in terms of diversification in Nigeria? A) Reducing reliance on oil and gas B) Promoting environmental sustainability C) Enhancing human capital development D) Fostering socio-economic progress
6. How do animal husbandry and leatherwork contribute to skill development in Nigeria? A) By providing opportunities for capacity building B) By promoting responsible grazing practices C) By generating revenue through sales of hides and skins D) By enhancing natural resource conservation
7. What is the environmental sustainability aspect of animal husbandry and leatherwork in Nigeria? A) Promoting recycling and upcycling of hides and skins B) Creating employment opportunities for local communities C) Enhancing human capital development D) Fostering socio-economic progress
8. How do animal husbandry and leatherwork contribute to economic resilience in Nigeria? A) By providing alternative sources of income and livelihoods B) By promoting cultural heritage C) By enhancing natural resource conservation D) By creating value-added products for export
9. What is the value addition aspect of leatherwork in Nigeria? A) Promoting recycling and upcycling of hides and skins B) Creating employment opportunities for local communities C) Enhancing human capital development D) Fostering socio-economic progress
10. How do animal husbandry and leatherwork contribute to the overall growth and development of Nigeria? A) By providing food security B) By promoting cultural heritage C) By enhancing environmental sustainability D) All of the above

Answers:

1. A) Providing food security
2. D) By providing a source of protein and nutrients in the local diet
3. D) It contributes to foreign exchange earnings
4. B) By preserving local customs and traditions
5. A) Reducing reliance on oil and gas
6. A) By providing opportunities for capacity building
7. A) Promoting recycling and upcycling of hides and skins
8. A) By providing alternative sources of income and livelihoods
9. A) Promoting recycling and upcycling of hides and skins
10. D) All of the above

Lesson Plan Presentation: The Importance of Animal Husbandry and Leatherwork to Growth and Development in Nigeria

Lesson Plan: Introduction (5 minutes):

1. Greet the students and briefly review the previous lessons on Nigerian history and culture.
2. Ask the students if they are familiar with animal husbandry and leatherwork, and elicit their prior knowledge about these occupations.
3. Introduce the topic by explaining that animal husbandry and leatherwork are important traditional occupations in Nigeria, especially in the northern part of the country.
4. Share the objectives of the lesson and explain that the students will learn about the significance of animal husbandry and leatherwork to the growth and development of Nigeria.

Main Lesson (15 minutes):

1. Use visual aids to illustrate animal husbandry and leatherwork practices in Nigeria. Show pictures or diagrams of cattle rearing, sheep and goat farming, leather tanning, and leathercraft, etc. Explain that animal husbandry involves the rearing of animals like cattle, sheep, and goats for various purposes such as milk, meat, and hides/skins, while leatherwork involves the processing of animal hides and skins into leather and the creation of leather products.
2. Discuss the economic, cultural, and environmental significance of animal husbandry and leatherwork in Nigeria:

• Economic Significance: Explain that animal husbandry and leatherwork contribute to the country’s economy by providing employment opportunities, generating revenue through the sale of hides and skins, and promoting economic resilience through diversification from oil and gas. Discuss how leather products, such as shoes, bags, belts, and wallets, can be sold locally and internationally, thereby contributing to foreign exchange earnings.
• Cultural Significance: Explain that animal husbandry and leatherwork are integral to the cultural heritage of Nigeria, particularly in the northern region where these practices have been passed down through generations. Discuss how animal husbandry and leatherwork promote local customs, traditions, and skills, and contribute to the preservation of Nigeria’s rich cultural heritage.
• Environmental Significance: Explain that animal husbandry and leatherwork can also have environmental benefits, such as promoting responsible grazing practices, recycling and upcycling of hides and skins, and enhancing natural resource conservation. Discuss how sustainable animal husbandry and leatherwork practices can contribute to environmental sustainability and resource management in Nigeria.

Guided Practice (10 minutes):

1. Distribute the handout or worksheet with the previously prepared multiple-choice questions on the importance of animal husbandry and leatherwork to growth and development in Nigeria.
2. Instruct the students to individually complete the questions based on the lesson content.
3. Review the answers as a class, discussing the correct options and providing explanations for each answer.
4. Encourage class discussion and allow students to share their thoughts and opinions on the topic.

Conclusion (5 minutes):

1. Summarize the main points discussed in the lesson, highlighting the economic, cultural, and environmental significance of animal husbandry and leatherwork to Nigeria’s growth and development.
2. Reinforce the importance of these traditional occupations in promoting food security, skill development, and economic resilience in Nigeria.
3. Assign homework, such as researching and reporting on other traditional