Understanding Water: Evaporation, Condensation, and Freezing Basic Science Primary 4 First Term Lesson Notes Week 10

Basic Science Primary 4 First Term Lesson Notes Week 10

Subject: Basic Science
Class: Primary 4
Term: First Term
Week: 10
Age: 9 years

Topic: Water

Sub-topic: Differentiating Water from Other Liquids, Evaporation, Condensation, Freezing

Duration: 1 hour

Behavioural Objectives:

1. Pupils will identify pure water and differentiate it from other liquids.
2. Pupils will explain the concept of evaporation.
3. Pupils will describe condensation and freezing.
4. Pupils will differentiate between evaporation, condensation, and freezing.

Keywords: Water, Evaporation, Condensation, Freezing, Liquids, Pure Water

Set Induction:

• Begin with a demonstration showing pure water and other liquids (e.g., juice, milk) to highlight differences. Discuss the properties of water and why it is unique.

Entry Behaviour:

• Pupils should have basic knowledge of liquids and be familiar with the concepts of temperature changes from previous lessons.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Samples of pure water and other liquids (e.g., juice, milk)
• Heat source for demonstrating evaporation
• Ice and a container to show freezing
• Condensation demonstration setup (e.g., a cold glass with warm water)

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

• Review the properties of liquids and relate them to water’s unique features. Connect to previous lessons on weather and how temperature affects water.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Observation
• Analysis
• Explanation

Learning Materials:

• Water and other liquid samples
• Materials for demonstrating evaporation, condensation, and freezing

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for Basic Science Primary 4

Instructional Materials:

• Samples of water and other liquids
• Equipment for evaporation demonstration (e.g., heat source)
• Ice, container for freezing demonstration
• Materials for condensation demonstration

Content:

1. Differentiating Water from Other Liquids:
   • Pure water is colorless, tasteless, and odorless.
   • Other liquids may have color, taste, and smell.
2. Evaporation:
   • Definition: Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas (vapor) when it is heated.
   • Demonstration: Heat water to show how it evaporates.
3. Condensation:
   • Definition: Condensation is the process by which water vapor (gas) cools and changes back into a liquid.
   • Demonstration: Show condensation by placing a cold glass on a warm surface.
4. Freezing:
   • Definition: Freezing is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a solid (ice) when it is cooled.
   • Demonstration: Place water in a container and freeze it to show how it turns into ice.
5. Comparing Evaporation, Condensation, and Freezing:
   • Evaporation: Liquid to gas
   • Condensation: Gas to liquid
   • Freezing: Liquid to solid

Questions:

1. Pure water is ________, ________, and ________.
   a) Colorful, Tasty, Smelly
   b) Colorless, Tasteless, Odorless
   c) Brown, Sweet, Odorless
   d) Transparent, Bitter, Smelly
2. The process of changing water from a liquid to a gas is called ________.
   a) Freezing
   b) Condensation
   c) Evaporation
   d) Melting
3. ________ occurs when water vapor cools and turns back into a liquid.
   a) Evaporation
   b) Freezing
   c) Condensation
   d) Boiling
4. The process of water changing from a liquid to a solid is called ________.
   a) Condensation
   b) Evaporation
   c) Freezing
   d) Melting
5. Pure water has no ________, ________, or ________.
   a) Color, Taste, Smell
   b) Odor, Temperature, Taste
   c) Color, Sound, Smell
   d) Taste, Feel, Temperature
6. ________ happens when you heat water on a stove.
   a) Freezing
   b) Condensation
   c) Evaporation
   d) Melting
7. Water vapor that cools and forms droplets on a cold surface is an example of ________.
   a) Freezing
   b) Evaporation
   c) Condensation
   d) Melting
8. The process of turning ice back into water is called ________.
   a) Freezing
   b) Condensation
   c) Evaporation
   d) Melting
9. When water is cooled to 0°C, it ________.
   a) Evaporates
   b) Condenses
   c) Freezes
   d) Boils
10. ________ is the process of water changing from a liquid to a solid.
    a) Evaporation
    b) Condensation
    c) Freezing
    d) Melting
11. When you leave a puddle of water outside on a hot day, it will eventually ________.
    a) Freeze
    b) Condense
    c) Evaporate
    d) Melt
12. If you put a glass of warm water in a cold room, ________ will form on the outside of the glass.
    a) Ice
    b) Steam
    c) Condensation
    d) Snow
13. The change of water from a gas to a liquid is known as ________.
    a) Evaporation
    b) Freezing
    c) Condensation
    d) Melting
14. To observe freezing, you would need to ________ water.
    a) Heat
    b) Cool
    c) Stir
    d) Mix
15. The process of turning liquid water into water vapor is ________.
    a) Condensation
    b) Freezing
    c) Melting
    d) Evaporation

Class Activity Discussion 

1. Q: What makes pure water different from other liquids?
   A: Pure water is colorless, tasteless, and odorless, while other liquids may have color, taste, and smell.
2. Q: What is evaporation?
   A: Evaporation is the process where water changes from a liquid to a gas when heated.
3. Q: How can you demonstrate evaporation?
   A: By heating water and observing how it turns into vapor.
4. Q: What is condensation?
   A: Condensation is the process where water vapor cools and turns back into a liquid.
5. Q: How can you show condensation?
   A: By placing a cold glass on a warm surface and observing droplets forming on the outside.
6. Q: What is freezing?
   A: Freezing is the process where water changes from a liquid to a solid when cooled.
7. Q: How can you demonstrate freezing?
   A: By placing water in a freezer and observing it turn into ice.
8. Q: What happens when water vapor cools?
   A: It condenses into liquid water.
9. Q: What does it mean when water evaporates?
   A: It means water has changed from a liquid to a gas.
10. Q: How do evaporation, condensation, and freezing differ?
    A: Evaporation is liquid to gas, condensation is gas to liquid, and freezing is liquid to solid.
11. Q: What is needed to freeze water?
    A: Water needs to be cooled.
12. Q: What causes condensation to form on a cold glass?
    A: Warm water vapor in the air cools and turns into liquid droplets on the cold glass.
13. Q: What is the main difference between evaporation and condensation?
    A: Evaporation is the change from liquid to gas, while condensation is the change from gas to liquid.
14. Q: How can you observe freezing at home?
    A: By putting water in a container and placing it in the freezer.
15. Q: What happens to water when it evaporates?
    A: It turns into water vapor (gas) and goes into the air.

Presentation:

1. Step 1: Review the properties of pure water and other liquids.
2. Step 2: Demonstrate evaporation, condensation, and freezing using simple experiments.
3. Step 3: Discuss and compare the three processes and their differences.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explain and demonstrate each concept (evaporation, condensation, and freezing).
• Use visual aids and experiments to show the processes.
• Guide pupils in discussing and differentiating between the concepts.

Learners’ Activities:

• Observe and describe demonstrations of evaporation, condensation, and freezing.
• Discuss how each process is different.
• Participate in class discussions and answer questions about the concepts.

Assessment:

• Evaluate pupils’ understanding through their participation in demonstrations and discussions.
• Check their ability to explain the concepts and differentiate between the processes.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What is the process of water turning into vapor called?
2. How does condensation occur?
3. What is the change from liquid water to ice called?
4. Describe what happens during evaporation.
5. What is the difference between evaporation and condensation?
6. How can you show condensation using a cold glass?
7. What process changes water from a liquid to a solid?
8. How can you demonstrate freezing at home?
9. What property does pure water not have?
10. Why does water vapor form droplets on a cold surface?

Conclusion:

• Review key concepts: water’s properties, evaporation, condensation, and freezing.
• Go around to check pupils’ understanding through their responses and participation.
• Address any misconceptions and reinforce learning