Types of Clause: Independent and Dependent Clause English Grammar Primary 5
Lesson Plan for Primary 5 – English Grammar
Second Term, Week 5
Subject: English Grammar
Class: Primary 5
Term: Second Term
Week: 5
Age: 9–10 years
Topic: Types of Clauses
Sub-topic: Independent and Dependent Clauses
Duration: 40 minutes
Behavioral Objectives: By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Define a clause.
- Differentiate between independent and dependent clauses.
- Identify independent and dependent clauses in sentences.
Keywords: Clause, Independent clause, Dependent clause, Sentence
Set Induction: The teacher writes two sentences on the board:
- “I went to the market.”
- “Because it was raining.”
The teacher asks, “What is the difference between these two?”
Entry Behavior: Pupils are familiar with sentence structures and phrases.
Learning Resources and Materials:
- Flashcards with examples of clauses
- Chart showing types of clauses
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge: Pupils have previously learned about phrases and their functions in sentences.
Embedded Core Skills:
- Critical thinking
- Sentence analysis
- Communication
Reference Books: Lagos State Scheme of Work for English Language, Primary 5
Instructional Materials: Flashcards, charts, worksheets
Content
1. Definition of a Clause
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. Unlike a phrase, a clause can sometimes stand alone as a sentence.
Examples:
- “She sings beautifully.” (Clause)
- “After the show ended.” (Clause)
2. Types of Clauses
a) Independent Clause:
An independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.
Examples:
- I love reading books.
- The sun is shining.
b) Dependent Clause (Subordinate Clause):
A dependent clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence. It depends on an independent clause to make sense.
Examples:
- Because it was raining.
- When I was a child.
3. Identifying Independent and Dependent Clauses in Sentences
Examples:
- I stayed home because it was raining.
- Independent: I stayed home.
- Dependent: Because it was raining.
- When she arrived, we started the meeting.
- Dependent: When she arrived.
- Independent: We started the meeting.
15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
- A clause is a group of words that contains a ______ and a verb.
a) Subject
b) Phrase
c) Preposition
d) None - An independent clause expresses a ______ thought.
a) Partial
b) Complete
c) Dependent
d) None - A dependent clause cannot stand ______ as a sentence.
a) Together
b) Alone
c) Complete
d) None - Identify the independent clause: “I went out because it was sunny.”
a) I went out
b) Because it was sunny
c) Both a and b
d) None - A dependent clause is also called a ______ clause.
a) Subordinate
b) Primary
c) Independent
d) None - “Although I was tired” is an example of a ______ clause.
a) Dependent
b) Independent
c) Phrase
d) None - Which of these is an independent clause?
a) Because I was late
b) She ran fast
c) When the bell rang
d) None - Identify the dependent clause: “The dog barked when it saw the stranger.”
a) The dog barked
b) When it saw the stranger
c) Both a and b
d) None - A dependent clause always begins with a ______ word.
a) Preposition
b) Subordinate
c) Main
d) Verb - Which word usually starts a dependent clause?
a) Because
b) And
c) Or
d) None - “She smiled because she was happy.” Identify the dependent clause.
a) She smiled
b) Because she was happy
c) None
d) Both - Which clause is incomplete by itself?
a) Independent
b) Dependent
c) Main
d) None - “Before the movie started” is an example of a ______ clause.
a) Dependent
b) Independent
c) Phrase
d) None - Identify the independent clause: “He waited until she arrived.”
a) He waited
b) Until she arrived
c) Both a and b
d) None - Which sentence contains both independent and dependent clauses?
a) The sun is shining.
b) Because it is cold.
c) I stayed inside because it was raining.
d) None
15 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- What is a clause?
- A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb.
- How is a clause different from a phrase?
- A clause has a subject and a verb, but a phrase does not.
- What are the two types of clauses?
- Independent clause and dependent clause.
- What is an independent clause?
- A clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand alone.
- Give an example of an independent clause.
- I love ice cream.
- What is a dependent clause?
- A clause that does not express a complete thought and depends on an independent clause.
- Give an example of a dependent clause.
- Because it was raining.
- Can a dependent clause be a sentence?
- No, it cannot.
- What is another name for a dependent clause?
- Subordinate clause.
- Write a sentence with both clause types.
- She smiled because she was happy.
Presentation
Step 1: Revision of the previous topic.
- Teacher reviews phrases and their functions.
Step 2: Introduction of the new topic.
- The teacher explains clauses and differentiates between independent and dependent clauses with examples.
Step 3: Students’ contributions and corrections.
- Pupils identify and construct sentences with independent and dependent clauses.
Teacher’s Activities:
- Explain the concept of clauses with examples.
- Display flashcards and guide pupils to identify clause types.
Learner’s Activities:
- Identify independent and dependent clauses in sentences.
- Construct sentences using both types of clauses.
Assessment:
- Pupils correctly identify and differentiate between independent and dependent clauses.
Evaluation Questions
- Define a clause.
- What is an independent clause?
- Write a dependent clause.
- What is another name for a dependent clause?
- Write a sentence with an independent clause.
- Write a sentence with both clause types.
- Identify the dependent clause: “Before the rain started, we left the park.”
- What makes an independent clause complete?
- Identify the independent clause: “She sings while he plays the piano.”
- Why can’t a dependent clause stand alone as a sentence?
Conclusion:
The teacher reviews the definitions and differences between independent and dependent clauses, ensuring pupils understand their usage in sentences.