Insects: Methods of Controlling Harmful Insects Agricultural Science Primary 2 Second Term Lesson Notes Week 7 & 8

General Information
Subject: Agricultural Science
Class: Basic 2 (Primary 2)
Term: Second Term
Week: Week 7 and Week 8
Age: 7–8 years
Topic: Insects: Methods of Controlling Harmful Insects
Sub-topic: Biological, Chemical, Cultural, and Quarantine Methods

Key Components

Behavioral Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. List at least four methods of controlling harmful insects.
2. Explain each method with examples.
3. Identify common harmful insects and the appropriate control methods.

Keywords

• Biological Method
• Chemical Method
• Cultural Method
• Quarantine
• Pests

Set Induction

The teacher will ask pupils to name some insects they know and describe their actions on farms or at home. For example, “What do mosquitoes or grasshoppers do?” This will engage them and relate the lesson to real-life experiences.

Entry Behavior

Pupils already know about the damages caused by harmful insects.

Learning Resources and Materials

• Wall charts showing harmful and beneficial insects.
• Samples of insecticides (empty containers).
• Pictures of chickens, locusts, and farm traps.
• Videos demonstrating pest control methods.

Embedded Core Skills

• Critical thinking: Identifying harmful insects and suitable control methods.
• Collaboration: Group discussions on pest control methods.
• Communication: Explaining control methods.

Instructional Materials

• Pictures of harmful and beneficial insects.
• Diagrams of pest control tools (e.g., traps).

Reference Books

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for Agricultural Science.
• Textbooks on Primary Agricultural Science.

Content Details

Definition of Methods of Controlling Harmful Insects

1. Biological Method: Using natural enemies (like chickens) to eat harmful insects.
2. Chemical Method: Using insecticides or pesticides to kill pests.
3. Cultural Method: Handpicking pests, using traps, or clearing weeds.
4. Quarantine: Separating healthy plants and animals from infected ones to prevent the spread of diseases.

Examples of Harmful Insects and Control Methods

1. Locust: Use chickens (biological method).
2. Mosquito: Use insecticides (chemical method).
3. Weevils in stored grains: Handpick or clean the storage area (cultural method).
4. Diseased plants: Separate them from healthy ones (quarantine).
5. Grasshoppers: Use traps (cultural method).

Evaluation Section

Evaluation Questions

1. Biological Method involves using __________.
   a) Chemicals b) Natural enemies c) Traps d) Fire
2. Chemical Method uses __________ to control pests.
   a) Toys b) Pesticides c) Water d) Food
3. __________ is a cultural method of pest control.
   a) Handpicking pests b) Using chemicals c) Quarantine d) Eating pests
4. Quarantine means __________ healthy and infected plants.
   a) Mixing b) Separating c) Feeding d) Protecting
5. Chickens are used to control __________.
   a) Locusts b) Mosquitoes c) Rats d) Weeds
6. Handpicking pests is part of the __________ method.
   a) Chemical b) Biological c) Cultural d) Mechanical
7. __________ spreads malaria.
   a) Grasshopper b) Mosquito c) Locust d) Butterfly
8. Farmers use traps in the __________ method.
   a) Biological b) Cultural c) Chemical d) Quarantine
9. Natural enemies of pests include __________.
   a) Dogs b) Cats c) Chickens d) Computers
10. Insecticides are part of the __________ method.
    a) Biological b) Chemical c) Cultural d) Quarantine
11. Quarantine helps protect __________ plants.
    a) Infected b) Healthy c) Old d) Weak
12. Locusts can be controlled using __________.
    a) Chemicals b) Chickens c) Traps d) All of the above
13. Mosquitoes can be killed using __________.
    a) Pesticides b) Fire c) Toys d) Nets
14. __________ are used to control grasshoppers.
    a) Chemicals b) Nets c) Traps d) Fire
15. Quarantine prevents __________.
    a) Mixing healthy and sick plants b) Feeding pests c) Killing pests d) Farming

Class Activity Discussion (FAQs)

1. What is the biological method?
   Using natural enemies to control pests.
2. What is an example of a biological method?
   Chickens feeding on locusts.
3. What is the chemical method?
   Using pesticides to kill harmful insects.
4. What is a cultural method?
   Handpicking or trapping pests.
5. What is quarantine?
   Separating healthy plants from diseased ones.
6. Why do we use traps in farming?
   To catch harmful pests.
7. Name one insect controlled by pesticides.
   Mosquito.
8. What is the benefit of separating sick plants?
   To prevent diseases from spreading.
9. What can farmers use to kill locusts?
   Chickens, traps, or pesticides.
10. Why is the cultural method important?
    It is practical and doesn’t require chemicals.
11. Name one pest that damages crops.
    Grasshoppers.
12. What do farmers use in the chemical method?
    Pesticides or insecticides.
13. How do we control mosquitoes?
    By spraying insecticides.
14. Why do we need pest control?
    To protect crops and animals.
15. What spreads malaria?
    Mosquitoes.

Lesson Presentation Steps

1. Step 1: Revise the previous topic on damages caused by harmful insects.
2. Step 2: Introduce the new topic with examples of pest control methods.
3. Step 3: Encourage pupils to discuss and contribute ideas.
4. Step 4: Use charts, samples, and videos to explain the methods.

Teacher’s Activities

1. Show pictures of harmful insects and their control methods.
2. Demonstrate how traps or insecticides are used.
3. Encourage pupils to suggest control methods for familiar insects.

Learners’ Activities

1. Observe pictures and identify harmful insects.
2. Discuss control methods with classmates.
3. Participate in role-playing activities (e.g., acting as farmers controlling pests).

Assessment (Short-Answer Questions)

1. Name one harmful insect and how it is controlled.
2. What is the cultural method of pest control?
3. Explain the biological method of pest control.
4. Why is quarantine important?
5. Give two examples of pests controlled by the chemical method.

Conclusion

The teacher will go around the class to mark pupils’ work, provide corrections, and summarize the methods of pest control.

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