Wages and income Distribution Factors that Determine Wages and Income Social Studies Primary 6 First Term Lesson Notes Week 9

Social Studies Primary 6 First Term Lesson Notes

Week: 9

Subject: Social Studies

Class: Primary 6
Term: First Term
Week: 9
Age: 10-11 years
Topic: Wages and Income Distribution
Sub-topic:

• Concept of Wages and Income Distribution
• Relationship Between Income and Standard of Living
• Factors Determining Wages and Income
• Causes of Wage Increase
• Factors in Income Management

Duration: 60 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Define and describe the concept of wages and income distribution.
2. Explain how income levels affect the standard of living.
3. Identify factors that determine wages and income.
4. List causes that can lead to an increase in wages.
5. Discuss factors involved in effective income management.

Key Words:

• Wages
• Income Distribution
• Standard of Living
• Factors
• Income Management

Set Induction:

The teacher will start by asking pupils how they think people earn money and how it affects their lives. This will introduce the topic of wages and income distribution.

Entry Behaviour:

Pupils may have observed how different jobs and salaries affect people’s lifestyles or the quality of life in their community.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Charts or posters illustrating wages and income distribution
• Case studies on income levels and standard of living
• Visual aids showing factors affecting wages and income

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Pupils may be familiar with different jobs and how they pay. This lesson will connect their observations to understanding broader concepts of wages, income distribution, and its impact on life quality.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Analytical skills
• Critical thinking
• Financial literacy
• Communication

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Social Studies Textbook for Primary 6

Instructional Materials:

• Flashcards with key terms
• Visual aids illustrating examples of wages and income distribution
• Charts showing income management strategies

Content

Wages and Income Distribution

1. Concept of Wages and Income Distribution:
   • Wages:
     • Money earned for work or services provided.
     • Example: Salary received by a teacher or a factory worker.
   • Income Distribution:
     • How income is shared among people in a society.
     • Example: Income might be distributed unevenly, with some people earning more than others.
2. Relationship Between Income and Standard of Living:
   • Income:
     • Higher income generally allows for a better standard of living.
     • Example: More income can lead to better housing, education, and healthcare.
   • Standard of Living:
     • The quality of life based on income, including access to goods and services.
     • Example: People with higher incomes often have access to more luxurious goods and services.
3. Factors Determining Wages and Income:
   • Education and Skills:
     • Higher education and specialized skills can lead to higher wages.
     • Example: A doctor typically earns more than a high school teacher.
   • Experience:
     • More experience in a job often results in higher wages.
     • Example: An experienced engineer earns more than a junior engineer.
   • Job Type:
     • The nature of the job can affect wages.
     • Example: Jobs in the oil industry might pay more than jobs in retail.
   • Location:
     • Wages can vary depending on the region or city.
     • Example: Salaries in big cities like Lagos might be higher than in rural areas.
   • Economic Conditions:
     • Economic factors and inflation can impact wages.
     • Example: During economic downturns, wages might stagnate or decrease.
4. Causes of Wage Increase:
   • Inflation:
     • Increased cost of living can lead to higher wages.
     • Example: Workers might demand higher wages to keep up with rising prices.
   • Demand for Skills:
     • High demand for certain skills can lead to increased wages.
     • Example: In-demand technology professionals might see wage increases.
   • Improved Productivity:
     • Higher productivity can lead to wage increases.
     • Example: Companies might reward employees who improve efficiency.
   • Union Negotiations:
     • Labor unions can negotiate higher wages for workers.
     • Example: Unions might secure better pay for their members through collective bargaining.
   • Economic Growth:
     • Growth in the economy can lead to increased wages.
     • Example: Prosperous economic conditions might lead to higher wages across sectors.
5. Factors in Income Management:
   • Budgeting:
     • Planning how to spend and save income effectively.
     • Example: Creating a monthly budget to manage expenses and savings.
   • Saving and Investing:
     • Setting aside money and investing for future needs.
     • Example: Saving a portion of income in a bank account or investing in stocks.
   • Avoiding Debt:
     • Managing income to avoid unnecessary debt.
     • Example: Using credit cards responsibly and avoiding high-interest loans.
   • Financial Planning:
     • Long-term planning for financial goals and retirement.
     • Example: Setting aside funds for education, buying a house, or retirement.
   • Spending Wisely:
     • Making informed decisions about purchases and expenditures.
     • Example: Comparing prices before buying and avoiding impulse purchases.

Evaluation

Fill in the blanks with the correct option (a, b, c, or d).

1. Wages are __________.
   a) Money earned for work
   b) Money given as a gift
   c) Money borrowed
   d) Money saved
2. Income distribution refers to __________.
   a) How money is shared among people
   b) How money is spent on food
   c) How much money is saved
   d) How money is invested
3. Higher income generally leads to __________.
   a) A lower standard of living
   b) More leisure time
   c) A better standard of living
   d) Increased debt
4. One factor determining wages is __________.
   a) Education and skills
   b) Personal preferences
   c) Family size
   d) Favorite color
5. A cause of wage increase could be __________.
   a) Decreased demand for skills
   b) Inflation
   c) Lower productivity
   d) Decreased economic growth
6. Income management involves __________.
   a) Ignoring expenses
   b) Spending without planning
   c) Budgeting and saving
   d) Avoiding financial planning
7. Budgeting is important for __________.
   a) Planning how to spend and save income
   b) Avoiding all expenses
   c) Increasing debt
   d) Ignoring income sources
8. Improved productivity can lead to __________.
   a) Lower wages
   b) Wage decreases
   c) Wage increases
   d) Decreased job satisfaction
9. Demand for certain skills can lead to __________.
   a) Lower wages
   b) No change in wages
   c) Wage increases
   d) Increased debt
10. Economic growth often results in __________.
    a) Decreased wages
    b) Stable wages
    c) Wage increases
    d) Lower job satisfaction

Class Activity Discussion

1. What does the term ‘wages’ refer to?
   • Money earned for work or services provided.
2. How does income affect the standard of living?
   • Higher income generally allows for a better quality of life, including access to better goods and services.
3. What factors determine the level of wages a person can earn?
   • Education, experience, job type, location, and economic conditions.
4. Name a cause of wage increase.
   • Inflation, demand for skills, improved productivity, union negotiations, or economic growth.
5. What is budgeting, and why is it important?
   • Budgeting involves planning how to spend and save income effectively to manage finances well.
6. How can saving and investing impact income management?
   • It helps build wealth over time and provides financial security for the future.
7. Why is avoiding unnecessary debt crucial for managing income?
   • To prevent financial strain and maintain a healthy financial situation.
8. What role does financial planning play in income management?
   • It helps set and achieve long-term financial goals and prepare for future needs.
9. How can improved productivity lead to higher wages?
   • Employers might reward employees who contribute to increased efficiency and output.
10. Why might wages vary between different locations?
    • Due to differences in living costs, economic conditions, and demand for certain skills.
11. How does education impact income levels?
    • Higher education often leads to better job opportunities and higher wages.
12. What is the relationship between economic growth and wages?
    • Economic growth typically leads to higher wages as businesses expand and demand for labor increases.
13. Why is it important to manage income wisely?
    • To ensure financial stability, achieve financial goals, and avoid debt.
14. How can interning or gaining experience affect future wages?
    • Gaining experience can lead to higher wages due to increased skills and knowledge.
15. What is one method to manage income effectively?
    • Creating and following a budget.

Presentation

Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic, which was “Understanding and Addressing Religious Intolerance in Nigeria.”

Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic, “Wages and Income Distribution,” by defining key terms such as wages and income distribution, and explaining their importance.

Step 3: The teacher facilitates a discussion on how income levels affect the standard of living and explores factors affecting wages and effective income management. Pupils will be encouraged to share their views and examples.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Define and explain wages and income distribution.
• Discuss the relationship between income and standard of living.
• Identify and explain factors that determine wages and income.
• Facilitate a discussion on causes of wage increases and factors in income management.

Learners’ Activities:

• Participate in discussions about wages, income distribution, and standard of living.
• Work in groups to list and explain factors affecting wages.
• Share examples of how income management can impact financial stability.

Assessment

Evaluation Questions:

1. What does “wages” mean?
2. How does income affect the standard of living?
3. Name one factor that determines wages.
4. List a cause of wage increase.
5. What is a key factor in income management?

Conclusion

The teacher will summarize the main points about wages, income distribution, and management. Pupils will review their understanding and ask questions if needed. The teacher will provide feedback and reinforce the importance of effective income management.