Preserving Oil Crops: Essential Methods for Soya Bean, Oil Palm, and More Agricultural Science Primary 6 First Term Lesson Notes Week 9

Agricultural Science Primary 6 First Term Lesson Notes Week 9

Subject: Agricultural Science
Class: Primary 6
Term: First Term
Week: 9
Age: 11 years
Topic: Preservation of Oil Crops
Sub-topic: Methods of Preserving Soya Bean, Oil Palm, Groundnut, Melon, Coconut
Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Identify different oil crops and their preservation needs.
2. Explain the importance of preserving oil crops.
3. Describe various methods of preserving oil crops such as soya bean, oil palm, groundnut, melon, and coconut.

Keywords: Oil Crops, Preservation, Soya Bean, Oil Palm, Groundnut, Melon, Coconut.

Set Induction: Display samples of oil crops and ask pupils if they know how these crops can be preserved for long-term use. Discuss why it is important to preserve them.

Entry Behaviour: Pupils are familiar with the concept of crop preservation from previous lessons.

Learning Resources and Materials:

1. Samples of oil crops (soya bean, oil palm, groundnut, melon, coconut).
2. Visual aids and charts showing preservation methods.

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge: Pupils have previously learned about preserving various types of farm produce and will apply this knowledge to oil crops.

Embedded Core Skills: Observation, analysis, and practical application.

Learning Materials: Charts with preservation methods, storage containers, and examples of preserved oil crops.

Reference Books: Lagos State Scheme of Work for Primary Schools, Agricultural Science Textbooks.

Instructional Materials:

• Samples of oil crops (soya bean, oil palm, groundnut, melon, coconut).
• Charts and diagrams illustrating different preservation techniques.

Content:

1. Importance of Preserving Oil Crops:

• Prevents Spoilage: Keeps crops usable for longer periods.
• Maintains Nutritional Value: Preserves essential nutrients.
• Reduces Waste: Ensures crops are used before they spoil.
• Increases Shelf Life: Extends the time crops can be stored.
• Protects from Pests: Guards crops against pests and diseases.

2. Methods of Preserving Oil Crops:

a) Drying:

• Explanation: Removes moisture from crops to prevent spoilage.
• Example: Groundnut can be dried before storage.

b) Oil Extraction and Storage:

• Explanation: Oil is extracted from crops and stored in airtight containers.
• Example: Soya bean oil is extracted and stored in bottles.

c) Refrigeration:

• Explanation: Keeps crops at a cold temperature to slow down spoilage.
• Example: Melon slices stored in the refrigerator.

d) Canning:

• Explanation: Crops are sealed in cans and heated to kill bacteria.
• Example: Coconut milk canned for preservation.

e) Proper Storage:

• Explanation: Store crops in cool, dry places to maintain quality.
• Example: Oil palm fruits stored in a dry, cool environment.

Evaluation:

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:

1. Drying removes ______ from oil crops to prevent spoilage.
   a) Moisture
   b) Flavor
   c) Color
   d) Size
2. Oil extracted from soya beans should be stored in ______ containers.
   a) Airtight
   b) Open
   c) Paper
   d) Plastic
3. ______ helps to keep crops fresh by maintaining a cold temperature.
   a) Refrigeration
   b) Boiling
   c) Canning
   d) Drying
4. Groundnut can be preserved by ______.
   a) Drying
   b) Freezing
   c) Canning
   d) Boiling
5. Melon slices are best preserved by ______.
   a) Refrigeration
   b) Drying
   c) Freezing
   d) Canning
6. ______ involves sealing crops in cans and heating them.
   a) Canning
   b) Freezing
   c) Drying
   d) Refrigeration
7. Storing oil palm fruits in a ______ environment helps preserve them.
   a) Dry
   b) Wet
   c) Hot
   d) Humid
8. Extracted coconut milk can be preserved by ______.
   a) Canning
   b) Drying
   c) Freezing
   d) Boiling
9. Which method helps to increase the shelf life of soya bean oil?
   a) Oil extraction and storage
   b) Freezing
   c) Drying
   d) Boiling
10. Proper storage of oil crops should be in a ______ place.
    a) Cool, dry
    b) Hot, wet
    c) Cold, damp
    d) Warm, humid
11. What is the benefit of drying groundnuts?
    a) Prevents spoilage
    b) Adds flavor
    c) Changes color
    d) Increases size
12. How does refrigeration benefit melon preservation?
    a) Slows down spoilage
    b) Adds nutrients
    c) Changes texture
    d) Increases spoilage
13. What method is used to preserve soya bean oil for longer shelf life?
    a) Oil extraction and storage
    b) Drying
    c) Freezing
    d) Boiling
14. Why is it important to store oil crops in a dry environment?
    a) To prevent spoilage
    b) To add flavor
    c) To change texture
    d) To increase color
15. How does canning help preserve coconut milk?
    a) Kills bacteria
    b) Adds nutrients
    c) Changes flavor
    d) Increases moisture

Class Activity Discussion:

1. Why is it important to preserve oil crops?
   Answer: To prevent spoilage, maintain nutritional value, reduce waste, increase shelf life, and protect from pests.
2. How does drying help in preserving groundnuts?
   Answer: It removes moisture, preventing spoilage and extending the shelf life.
3. What is the benefit of oil extraction and storage for soya beans?
   Answer: Extracting oil and storing it in airtight containers preserves the oil for longer use.
4. Why is refrigeration an effective method for preserving melon?
   Answer: Refrigeration slows down spoilage by maintaining a cold temperature.
5. How can coconut milk be preserved effectively?
   Answer: By canning, which seals it in cans and heats it to kill bacteria.
6. What role does proper storage play in preserving oil palm fruits?
   Answer: Storing in a dry environment helps maintain the quality and prevent spoilage.
7. Describe the method used to preserve soya bean oil.
   Answer: Oil extraction and storage in airtight containers.
8. Why is it important to reduce waste by preserving oil crops?
   Answer: To ensure crops are used before they spoil and to maximize their value.
9. Explain how canning helps preserve coconut milk.
   Answer: It seals the milk in cans and heats it to kill bacteria, extending its shelf life.
10. What is the impact of improper preservation on oil crops?
    Answer: It can lead to spoilage, reduced nutritional value, and waste.

Presentation:

Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic, which was “Preservation of Fruits.”

Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic by showing samples of oil crops and discussing methods of preservation.

Step 3: The teacher allows pupils to share their ideas and experiences with preserving oil crops and provides corrections and additional information where necessary.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Discuss and explain different methods for preserving oil crops.
• Use visual aids and samples to demonstrate how each method works.
• Engage pupils in discussions and answer their questions.

Learners’ Activities:

• Observe and handle the oil crop samples.
• Participate in discussions about oil crop preservation methods.
• Answer questions and contribute to discussions on preserving oil crops.

Assessment:

• Evaluate pupils’ understanding through responses to fill-in-the-blank questions and class activity discussion.
• Monitor pupil participation and understanding during discussions.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What is the main goal of preserving oil crops?
2. Describe one method of preserving groundnuts.
3. How does oil extraction and storage benefit soya bean oil?
4. Why is refrigeration important for melon preservation?
5. How can coconut milk be preserved using canning?
6. What is the role of proper storage in preserving oil palm fruits?
7. Explain how drying helps in oil crop preservation.
8. What happens if oil crops are not properly preserved?
9. Describe how canning extends the shelf life of coconut milk.
10. Why is it important to store oil crops in a dry environment?

Conclusion: The teacher goes around to mark pupils’ work and provides feedback to ensure they understand the methods for preserving oil crops.