Personal Health Care Physical and Health Education Primary 5 First Term Lesson Notes Week 6

Physical and Health Education Primary 5 First Term Lesson Notes

Week: 6
Class: Primary 5
Age: 9 years
Subject: Basic Science and Technology (BST) – Physical and Health Education
Term: First Term
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: Personal Health Care

Behavioural Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Identify materials needed for personal health care.
2. Explain the meaning of personal health care.
3. Justify the importance of personal health care.
4. Compare clean teeth with dirty teeth.
5. Investigate the causes and prevention of dental problems.

Keywords: Personal Health Care, Dental Hygiene, Clean Teeth, Dirty Teeth, Dental Problems

Set Induction:

• The teacher will show pictures of clean and dirty teeth and ask pupils to describe the differences they see.

Entry Behaviour:

• Pupils have basic knowledge about cleanliness and hygiene from previous lessons.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Pictures of clean and dirty teeth
• Toothbrushes
• Toothpaste
• Dental floss
• Mouthwash
• Chart or whiteboard for notes
• Samples of dental problems (images or models)

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

• Pupils are familiar with general hygiene practices and can relate these to personal health care.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Health awareness
• Communication

Learning Materials:

• Toothbrushes
• Toothpaste
• Dental floss
• Mouthwash
• Pictures and models of dental problems

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Physical and Health Education textbooks for Primary 5

Instructional Materials:

• Pictures of clean and dirty teeth
• Hygiene products
• Chart or whiteboard

Content

Understanding Personal Health Care

1. Meaning of Personal Health Care:
   • Personal health care involves practices and actions that maintain and improve health and hygiene. It includes regular cleaning, proper nutrition, and avoiding harmful habits.
2. Materials Needed for Personal Health Care:
   • Toothbrush, toothpaste, dental floss, mouthwash, soap, and clean water.
3. Importance of Personal Health Care:
   • Prevents illness and infections
   • Promotes overall well-being
   • Improves quality of life
   • Reduces the risk of dental problems and other health issues
4. Comparison of Clean Teeth and Dirty Teeth:
   • Clean Teeth:
     • Bright, smooth surface
     • No plaque or tartar
     • Fresh breath
   • Dirty Teeth:
     • Yellow or brown stains
     • Plaque and tartar buildup
     • Bad breath
5. Causes and Prevention of Dental Problems:
   • Causes:
     • Poor brushing habits
     • High sugar intake
     • Lack of flossing
     • Infrequent dental visits
   • Prevention:
     • Brush teeth twice daily
     • Use dental floss regularly
     • Limit sugary foods and drinks
     • Visit the dentist regularly

Questions

1. Personal health care includes practices to maintain __________ and hygiene.
   • a) fashion
   • b) health
   • c) appearance
   • d) strength
2. Materials needed for personal health care include a toothbrush, toothpaste, and __________.
   • a) shoes
   • b) soap
   • c) books
   • d) clothes
3. Clean teeth are usually __________ and have no plaque buildup.
   • a) yellow
   • b) smooth
   • c) rough
   • d) brown
4. Dirty teeth often have __________ and bad breath.
   • a) tartar
   • b) fresh breath
   • c) toothpaste
   • d) floss
5. The __________ of personal health care is to prevent illness and infections.
   • a) cause
   • b) importance
   • c) history
   • d) result
6. To prevent dental problems, it is important to __________ teeth twice daily.
   • a) brush
   • b) wash
   • c) paint
   • d) eat
7. One cause of dental problems is __________ intake of sugary foods and drinks.
   • a) low
   • b) high
   • c) balanced
   • d) limited
8. Regular __________ helps in the prevention of dental problems.
   • a) sleeping
   • b) brushing
   • c) reading
   • d) running
9. The __________ phase includes using dental floss and mouthwash.
   • a) eating
   • b) cleaning
   • c) sleeping
   • d) playing
10. Dirty teeth can cause __________ breath.
    • a) fresh
    • b) sweet
    • c) bad
    • d) minty
11. Personal health care helps in improving __________ of life.
    • a) quality
    • b) speed
    • c) color
    • d) strength
12. What is a common material used to clean between teeth?
    • a) Toothbrush
    • b) Mouthwash
    • c) Dental floss
    • d) Soap
13. What is the best way to avoid plaque buildup?
    • a) Eating candy
    • b) Brushing regularly
    • c) Drinking soda
    • d) Skipping meals
14. How often should you visit the dentist?
    • a) Once a year
    • b) Twice a year
    • c) Every month
    • d) Never
15. Which of the following can contribute to dental problems?
    • a) Eating fruits
    • b) Brushing teeth
    • c) Drinking water
    • d) Eating sugary foods

Class Activity Discussion

1. What is personal health care?
   • It involves actions and practices to maintain and improve overall health and hygiene.
2. Why is personal health care important?
   • It prevents illness, promotes well-being, and reduces health risks.
3. What materials are needed for personal health care?
   • Toothbrush, toothpaste, dental floss, mouthwash, soap, and clean water.
4. What are the signs of clean teeth?
   • Bright, smooth surface, no plaque, and fresh breath.
5. What are signs of dirty teeth?
   • Yellow or brown stains, plaque buildup, and bad breath.
6. What causes dental problems?
   • Poor brushing habits, high sugar intake, lack of flossing, and infrequent dental visits.
7. How can dental problems be prevented?
   • By brushing teeth twice daily, using dental floss, limiting sugary foods, and visiting the dentist regularly.
8. How often should you brush your teeth?
   • Twice daily.
9. What should you do if you have bad breath?
   • Check for plaque buildup, brush and floss regularly, and visit the dentist.
10. Why is using dental floss important?
    • It helps remove food particles and plaque between teeth that a toothbrush can’t reach.
11. How does high sugar intake affect teeth?
    • It can lead to plaque buildup and tooth decay.
12. What role does mouthwash play in dental care?
    • It helps kill bacteria and freshen breath.
13. How can you improve your personal health care routine?
    • By being consistent with brushing, flossing, and visiting the dentist.
14. What should you do after eating sugary foods?
    • Brush your teeth to remove sugar and prevent decay.
15. Why is it important to visit the dentist regularly?
    • To check for and address any dental problems early.

Essential Materials for Personal Health Care

1. Essential Materials for Personal Health Care
   • Toothbrush: For brushing teeth. 🪥
   • Toothpaste: Contains fluoride to help clean teeth and prevent decay. 🧴
   • Dental Floss: For cleaning between teeth. 🧵
   • Mouthwash: Helps kill bacteria and freshen breath. 🫧
   • Shampoo and Conditioner: For hair cleanliness and health. 🧴
   • Soap: For handwashing and general hygiene. 🧼
   • Moisturizer: To keep skin hydrated. 🧴
   • Towel: For drying after washing. 🧻
2. Importance of Personal Health Care
   • Prevents Illness: Regular care helps prevent diseases and infections. 🦠
   • Promotes Well-being: Maintains overall health and boosts quality of life. 🌟
   • Improves Appearance: Contributes to a clean and presentable look. 😊
3. Determining If Your Teeth Are Clean or Dirty
   • Clean Teeth: Feel smooth when you run your tongue over them, and there should be no visible plaque or food particles. 👍
   • Dirty Teeth: May feel rough or sticky and can have visible plaque or a bad taste. 👎
4. Common Causes of Dental Problems
   • Poor Oral Hygiene: Not brushing or flossing regularly. 😬
   • Sugary Foods: Can lead to tooth decay and cavities. 🍭
   • Smoking: Causes gum disease and bad breath. 🚬
   • Acidic Foods: Can erode tooth enamel. 🍋
5. Preventing Dental Problems
   • Brush Regularly: Brush your teeth twice a day. 🪥
   • Floss Daily: Use dental floss to clean between teeth. 🧵
   • Limit Sugary Foods: Reduce consumption of candy and sugary drinks. 🍹
   • Regular Check-ups: Visit the dentist for regular cleanings and check-ups. 🏥
6. How Often to Brush Your Teeth
   • Frequency: Brush your teeth at least twice a day—once in the morning and once before bed. 🕒
7. Role of Dental Floss
   • Cleaning Between Teeth: Removes food particles and plaque from between teeth that a toothbrush can’t reach. 🧵
   • Prevents Gum Disease: Helps prevent gum infections by cleaning areas that brushing misses. 🦷
8. Importance of Limiting Sugary Foods
   • Prevents Tooth Decay: Sugary foods can lead to cavities by feeding bacteria that produce acid. 🍬
   • Protects Enamel: Reducing sugar helps protect tooth enamel from erosion. 🛡️
9. Contribution of Mouthwash to Dental Health
   • Kills Bacteria: Helps reduce harmful bacteria in the mouth. 🦠
   • Freshens Breath: Provides a fresh breath and reduces bad odors. 🌬️
   • Cleans Hard-to-Reach Areas: Reaches areas that brushing and flossing might miss. 🌟
10. What to Do If You Have Bad Breath
    • Brush and Floss: Ensure you are brushing and flossing properly. 🪥🧵
    • Use Mouthwash: Rinse with mouthwash to freshen breath. 🫧
    • Drink Water: Stay hydrated to help keep your mouth clean. 💧
    • Visit a Dentist: If bad breath persists, see a dentist to rule out any underlying issues. 🏥

These tips cover the essentials of personal health care, especially focusing on maintaining good oral hygiene and overall well-being.

Presentation

Step 1:

• Teacher’s Activities: Introduce personal health care and its importance. Discuss materials needed and show examples.
• Learners’ Activities: Pupils list materials and discuss their use.

Step 2:

• Teacher’s Activities: Explain and demonstrate the difference between clean and dirty teeth. Discuss dental problems and prevention methods.
• Learners’ Activities: Pupils compare clean and dirty teeth, and explore causes and prevention of dental problems.

Step 3:

• Teacher’s Activities: Supervise pupils as they practice brushing and flossing techniques using models or diagrams.
• Learners’ Activities: Pupils demonstrate proper brushing and flossing techniques.

Assessment

• The teacher evaluates pupils’ understanding of personal health care concepts, their ability to identify materials, and their knowledge of dental hygiene practices.

Evaluation Questions

1. What materials are essential for personal health care?
2. Why is personal health care important?
3. How can you tell if your teeth are clean or dirty?
4. What are common causes of dental problems?
5. How can you prevent dental problems?
6. How often should you brush your teeth?
7. What role does dental floss play in oral hygiene?
8. Why is it important to limit sugary foods?
9. How can mouthwash contribute to dental health?
10. What should you do if you have bad breath?

Conclusion:

• The teacher reviews the importance of personal health care and provides additional practice with brushing and flossing techniques to ensure pupils understand and can apply good dental hygiene practices.