Broken Chords (Arpeggios) in Staff and Solfa

Subject : 

MUSIC

Term :

First Term / 1st Term

Week:

Week 2

Class :

JSS 2 / Basic 8

Previous lesson: 

The pupils have previous knowledge of

Tonic Solfa Notation

in their previous classes

Topic

Meaning of Chord

Behavioural objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to

• say the meaning of a chord

Instructional Materials:

• Wall charts
• Pictures of different types of houses
• Related Online Video
• Flash Cards

Methods of Teaching:

• Class Discussion
• Group Discussion
• Asking Questions
• Explanation
• Role Modelling
• Role Delegation

Reference Materials:

• Scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
• Workbooks

Content:

Meaning of Chord

Chords are an important part of music notation. A chord is simply two or more notes played together. Chords can be thought of as the building blocks of music. They are used to create melodic and harmonic interest and can be found in almost any style of music. There are many different types of chords, and each has its own unique sound. The meaning of a chord can vary depending on the context in which it is used. For example, a major chord typically has a happy or bright sound, while a minor chord usually has a more sad or somber sound. Chords can also be described as being either major or minor, depending on their interval structure.

Broken Chords

A broken Chord is known as arpeggio. It refers to a situation when the notes of a chord are written or played in succession (one after the other). In other words, instead of playing or singing the notes of the scale serially—d, r, m, f, s, l, t,d—the notes is spread out like this: d,m, s,d. These notes consist of the first, third, fifth and eight degrees. In this way a broken chord is made up of four notes as described above

Solfa in Broken Chords

Study the following examples.

Arpeggios are played or sung in succession as follows:

Ascending and Descending Order of Arpeggios

MUSICAL TERMS

Evaluation:

1. What is a chord?
2. Describe a broken chord (arpeggio).
3. Build up two arpeggios on a staff using C and E as roots (quaver notes only).
4. Complete the following arpeggios in the two bars provided:

Key Signatures: Major keys with Sharps and Construction of Keys G and D Major

Meaning of Key Signatures

Key signatures are symbols that indicate the key of a piece of music. These symbols are sharps and flats. They are placed at the beginning of the stave after the clef symbol. It can be found in both the treble and bass staves.

Major Keys with Sharps

Key C major has no sharp or flat as the key signature because all the notes are natural.

Key C is played only on white keys.

There are seven major keys with sharps, namely. G, D, A, E, B, F ^# and C^#. Study the following table carefully and notice that,

Song to Remember Major Keys with Sharp Sign

d: d: d: s: l: l: s:-:m:m:r: r:  d:-:-:-:

G      D     A      E    B    F   C —     Major keys with sharp

d:-:m:-:l:-:r:-: d: t: l:  t:d:-:-||

F—-sharp C—sharp  are keys with sharp sign

This is the order of sharp keys; G D A E B F C. There are mnemonics for remembering this order of sharps. Go Down And Eat Bread Father Charles. Or Father Charles Go Down And Eat Bread. Considering the placement of the sharps on the staff, you will observe that every key signature begins with [F^#] F sharp.

Each succeeding sharp is placed slightly to the right of the preceding one on the fourth step below or the fifth step above.

MUSICAL TERMS

Evaluation        

1. Give a simple definition of a key signature.
2. What symbols are used for key signature.
3. Which major keys use [a] 4 sharps [b] 7 flats.
4. Write the following major keys on a treble stave; D, E flat major, A, B flat major.

Presentation

The topic is presented step by step

Step 1:

The class teacher revises the previous topics

Step 2.

He introduces the new topic

Step 3:

The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise

Conclusion

The class teacher wraps up or concludes the lesson by giving out a short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.

The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.

He or she does the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise.

EVALUATION

1. What is tonic solfa notation?
2. What letters are used in solfa notation?
3. Write some examples of accidentals in solfa notation.
4. What is a modulator?
5. Write the meaning of the following punctuation marks.

(a) : (b) d:–   (c) .   (d) ,   (e) d:–:–