Understanding Sewage and Refuse: Definitions and Impacts Physical and Health Education JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 8
Physical and Health Education JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 8
Subject: Physical and Health Education
Class: JSS 1
Term: First Term
Week: 8
Age: 11 years
Topic: Meaning of Sewage and Refuse
Sub-topic: Definition and Examples
Duration: 60 minutes
Behavioural Objectives:
- Define sewage and refuse.
- Identify examples of sewage and refuse.
- Explain the impact of improper disposal on health and the environment.
Keywords: Sewage, Refuse, Waste Management, Environmental Health
Set Induction:
- Start with a discussion on what students see in their surroundings related to waste. Ask them about places where they might encounter garbage or sewage.
Entry Behaviour:
- Students should have basic knowledge of waste but may not know the specific terms “sewage” and “refuse.”
Learning Resources and Materials:
- Diagrams and images of sewage and refuse
- Videos or slides showing examples of waste management
- Handouts on waste types and effects
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:
- Link to previous lessons on community health and hygiene, focusing on how waste management affects overall health.
Embedded Core Skills:
- Critical thinking
- Environmental awareness
- Health and safety practices
Learning Materials:
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Educational materials on waste types
Reference Books:
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Health education textbooks
Instructional Materials:
- Charts and diagrams illustrating sewage and refuse
- Videos showing the impact of waste on health and the environment
Content:
- Meaning of Sewage:
- Definition: Sewage is waste matter from toilets, sinks, and drains that is carried away by pipes or drains.
- Examples: Water from toilets, greywater from sinks, and water used in washing.
- Impact: Can cause health problems if not properly treated, such as waterborne diseases.
- Meaning of Refuse:
- Definition: Refuse refers to all types of waste material that are discarded from homes, businesses, and industries.
- Examples: Household garbage, food scraps, plastic bottles, and broken furniture.
- Impact: Can lead to pollution, attract pests, and cause health hazards if not properly managed.
Evaluation:
- What is sewage?
a) Food waste
b) Waste from toilets and sinks
c) Broken furniture
d) Paper products - Which of these is an example of refuse?
a) Water from a sink
b) Food scraps
c) Water from a toilet
d) Rainwater - What happens if sewage is not properly treated?
a) It becomes clean
b) It causes pollution
c) It is recycled
d) It disappears - What is refuse?
a) Waste from bathrooms
b) Clean water
c) Discarded materials and waste
d) Fresh food - Which of these is an impact of improper refuse disposal?
a) Improved health
b) Pollution and pests
c) Cleaner environment
d) Increased recycling - Which term describes waste from sinks and toilets?
a) Refuse
b) Sewage
c) Recyclables
d) Organic waste - How can refuse affect the environment?
a) It makes it cleaner
b) It helps plants grow
c) It causes pollution and attracts pests
d) It is beneficial for soil - What type of waste is considered refuse?
a) Greywater
b) Food scraps
c) Drainage water
d) Clean water - What is a common problem with untreated sewage?
a) It cleans the environment
b) It spreads diseases
c) It is useful for plants
d) It improves air quality - What should be done with refuse to manage it properly?
a) Throw it anywhere
b) Bury it in the garden
c) Dispose of it in proper waste bins
d) Burn it without control - Which is a characteristic of sewage?
a) Household garbage
b) Waste from toilets
c) Plastic bottles
d) Food wrappers - How does refuse impact public health?
a) It improves hygiene
b) It leads to diseases and pests
c) It promotes health
d) It has no effect - What is a common type of refuse found in homes?
a) Cleaning water
b) Food waste
c) Treated sewage
d) Rainwater - Why is it important to manage sewage properly?
a) To keep the environment clean
b) To increase pollution
c) To spread diseases
d) To waste resources - Which is not a characteristic of refuse?
a) Food scraps
b) Plastic containers
c) Water from sinks
d) Old newspapers
Class Activity Discussion:
- What are the main differences between sewage and refuse?
- Sewage is liquid waste from toilets and sinks, while refuse includes all types of discarded materials.
- How can improper sewage disposal affect health?
- It can lead to waterborne diseases and pollution.
- Why is it important to properly dispose of refuse?
- To prevent pollution, reduce pests, and avoid health hazards.
- What can you do to help manage refuse in your community?
- Use proper waste bins, participate in recycling programs, and reduce waste generation.
- How does refuse affect the environment?
- It can lead to pollution, attract pests, and harm wildlife.
- What are some examples of refuse you encounter daily?
- Food waste, plastic bottles, and paper waste.
- How can schools help manage refuse and sewage?
- By implementing waste separation programs and proper sanitation practices.
- What role does proper waste management play in public health?
- It helps prevent diseases and maintains a clean environment.
- What actions can individuals take to manage their waste better?
- Reduce, reuse, recycle, and dispose of waste properly.
- Why is it essential to educate others about proper waste management?
- To promote better practices and reduce environmental impact.
Presentation:
- Step 1: Review the previous lesson on community health and how waste management fits in.
- Step 2: Introduce the terms “sewage” and “refuse,” using visual aids to illustrate examples and impacts.
- Step 3: Encourage students to share their experiences with waste and discuss ways to improve waste management.
Teacher’s Activities:
- Define and explain sewage and refuse using diagrams and real-life examples.
- Facilitate discussion on the impact of improper waste disposal.
- Provide examples and conduct a Q&A session to reinforce learning.
- Sewage and Refuse Management
- Sewage
Sewage is the liquid wastes from domestic, industrials and commercial effluents. It is the mixture of waste from human body and used water that is carried out of houses by sewers.
It carries bacteria which can cause diseases such as cholera typhoid, dysentery.
Sewage disposal- is the way and manner of getting rid of liquid wastes
Refuse
Refuse can be defined as all solid wastes in the house such as pieces of paper, leaves, garbage, ashes, rubbish and dead animals.
It can also be defined as unwanted, discarded, non-liquid materials emanating from various activities of human.
Refuse disposal- is the way and manner of getting rid of solid wastes. Refuse should be properly disposed of to prevent the spread of infections and health hazards in the society.
METHOD OF REFUSE DISPOSAL
There are many methods of refuse disposal. These are the followings
- Open dumps: This is the case in which refuse and garbages are deposited on the land. The dumps served as breeding places for flies, cockroaches, rodents and mosquitoes
- Incineration
This is burning of refuse in a controlled cabin. In this case refuse are deposited inside a house like facility and the materials are burnt with oil coal, or gas serving as fuel.
- Compositing or decomposition
This method consists of disposing refuse into shallow pit which is covered with soil. It is allowed to decay and later mix with the soil. The product is called HUMUS SOIL and is used as manure / fertilizer.
- Sanitary landfill-This is known as controlled tipping. It is a big hole dug in the ground where refuse from community are emptied. The refuse is then covered with soil or ashes to prevent flies and rodents from getting access to the refuse inside.
- Open burning
Methods of sewage disposal
- Waster system: This is a modern system where pipe-borne water is available with a septic-tank. It is common in many modern homes
- Bucket latrines: Faeces and urine are collected inside the bucket. This method is unhygienic and should be discouraged. Burying faeces is also common with this method
- Septic tank latrines: It is a construction of an underground away from the building into which sewage flow through a pipe aided by water
- Pit latrines: the sewage falls into a pit or hide on the ground and its usually with a lid. This keeps away flies and cut down odour. They should be built or located away from well and houses.
Learners’ Activities:
- Participate in discussions and answer evaluation questions.
- Share personal experiences related to waste and its management.
- Engage in activities related to proper disposal and recycling.
Assessment:
- Check understanding through responses to evaluation questions.
- Observe participation in class activities and discussions.
Evaluation Questions:
- What is sewage?
- How does refuse differ from sewage?
- Give an example of refuse found in homes.
- What impact does improper sewage disposal have?
- How can you manage refuse effectively?
- What are common types of refuse?
- Why is proper waste disposal important?
- How does refuse affect public health?
- What can schools do to help with waste management?
- Describe an example of how sewage can impact health.
Conclusion:
- Summarize the definitions and impacts of sewage and refuse.
- Reinforce the importance of proper waste management for health and the environment.
- Provide feedback and encourage students to practice good waste management habits.
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