Meaning, Organs, and Functions of the Respiratory System Basic Science Primary 6 First Term Lesson Notes Week 11

Subject: Basic Science
Class: Primary/Basic 6
Term: First Term
Week: 11
Age: 11 years
Topic: The Respiratory System
Sub-Topic: Meaning, Organs, and Functions of the Respiratory System
Duration: 2 hours

Behavioral Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils will be able to:

1. Define the respiratory system.
2. Enumerate and identify the organs of the respiratory system.
3. Discuss the functions of the respiratory system.

Keywords:

• Respiratory System
• Lungs
• Nose
• Throat
• Breathing
• Oxygen
• Carbon Dioxide

Set Induction:

Start the lesson by asking students to take a deep breath and exhale slowly. Ask them what happens when they breathe and introduce the concept of the respiratory system.

Entry Behavior:

Students should have basic knowledge of human anatomy and understand the concept of breathing.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Diagrams of the human respiratory system
• Models showing the organs involved in breathing
• Whiteboard and markers

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Link the lesson to the students’ understanding of the human body and the importance of breathing. Explain that breathing is a part of the respiratory process.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Observation
• Communication
• Critical thinking
• Collaboration

Learning Materials:

• Visual aids showing the respiratory organs
• Respiratory system models
• Whiteboard and markers

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Basic Science Textbook for Primary 6

Instructional Materials:

• Diagrams and models of the respiratory system
• Whiteboard
• Markers

Content:

1. Meaning of the Respiratory System:
   • The respiratory system is a group of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide from the body. It helps us breathe and provides oxygen to our cells.
2. Organs of the Respiratory System:
   • Nose and Mouth: Air enters the respiratory system through the nose and mouth.
   • Throat (Pharynx): The throat directs air from the nose and mouth to the windpipe.
   • Windpipe (Trachea): The trachea connects the throat to the lungs.
   • Lungs: The main organs where oxygen is absorbed into the blood, and carbon dioxide is removed.
   • Bronchi: The trachea divides into two bronchi, one for each lung, which further divide into smaller bronchioles.
   • Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
3. Functions of the Respiratory System:
   • Breathing: The respiratory system allows us to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
   • Oxygen Delivery: Oxygen from the air we breathe is transferred to the blood and carried to cells throughout the body.
   • Carbon Dioxide Removal: The respiratory system removes carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, from the body.
   • Sound Production: The flow of air through the vocal cords in the larynx allows us to produce sound.

15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:

1. The ______ system helps us breathe. (a) respiratory, (b) digestive, (c) nervous, (d) circulatory
2. The main organs of the respiratory system are the ______. (a) heart, (b) brain, (c) lungs, (d) kidneys
3. Air enters the respiratory system through the ______. (a) eyes, (b) ears, (c) nose and mouth, (d) skin
4. The ______ connects the throat to the lungs. (a) stomach, (b) trachea, (c) liver, (d) intestine
5. The lungs contain tiny air sacs called ______. (a) neurons, (b) alveoli, (c) veins, (d) arteries
6. The ______ is responsible for delivering oxygen to the blood. (a) digestive system, (b) respiratory system, (c) skeletal system, (d) muscular system
7. The ______ removes carbon dioxide from the body. (a) digestive system, (b) respiratory system, (c) nervous system, (d) circulatory system
8. The ______ are the tubes that connect the trachea to the lungs. (a) arteries, (b) veins, (c) bronchi, (d) capillaries
9. Oxygen is absorbed into the blood in the ______. (a) bronchi, (b) lungs, (c) stomach, (d) brain
10. The ______ directs air from the nose and mouth to the windpipe. (a) larynx, (b) pharynx, (c) esophagus, (d) diaphragm
11. The exchange of gases occurs in the ______ of the lungs. (a) bronchi, (b) bronchioles, (c) alveoli, (d) trachea
12. The respiratory system helps us take in ______ from the air. (a) carbon dioxide, (b) nitrogen, (c) oxygen, (d) hydrogen
13. The respiratory system helps remove ______ from the body. (a) water, (b) carbon dioxide, (c) nitrogen, (d) oxygen
14. The ______ is another name for the windpipe. (a) pharynx, (b) trachea, (c) bronchi, (d) alveoli
15. The flow of air through the vocal cords allows us to produce ______. (a) food, (b) sound, (c) blood, (d) energy

15 FAQs with Answers:

1. Q: What is the respiratory system?
   A: The respiratory system is a group of organs that help us breathe by taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
2. Q: What are the main organs of the respiratory system?
   A: The main organs of the respiratory system are the nose, mouth, throat, trachea, lungs, bronchi, and alveoli.
3. Q: How does air enter the respiratory system?
   A: Air enters the respiratory system through the nose and mouth.
4. Q: What is the function of the lungs?
   A: The lungs absorb oxygen from the air and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
5. Q: What are alveoli?
   A: Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
6. Q: What is the trachea?
   A: The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is the tube that connects the throat to the lungs.
7. Q: How is oxygen delivered to the body?
   A: Oxygen is delivered to the body through the blood after it is absorbed by the lungs.
8. Q: What role does the respiratory system play in sound production?
   A: The flow of air through the vocal cords in the larynx allows us to produce sound.
9. Q: Why is the respiratory system important?
   A: The respiratory system is important because it provides oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide, which is essential for life.
10. Q: What is the function of the bronchi?
    A: The bronchi are tubes that connect the trachea to the lungs, allowing air to flow into the lungs.
11. Q: What happens in the alveoli?
    A: In the alveoli, oxygen is absorbed into the blood, and carbon dioxide is released from the blood to be exhaled.
12. Q: How does the respiratory system help remove waste from the body?
    A: The respiratory system helps remove carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, from the body.
13. Q: What is the pharynx?
    A: The pharynx, or throat, directs air from the nose and mouth to the trachea.
14. Q: How does breathing occur?
    A: Breathing occurs when air is inhaled through the nose or mouth, passes through the trachea, and reaches the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed.
15. Q: What is the role of the respiratory system in oxygen delivery?
    A: The respiratory system ensures that oxygen is absorbed into the blood and delivered to cells throughout the body.

Presentation:

1. Introduction:
   • Introduce the topic by explaining the importance of the respiratory system in breathing and overall health.
2. Explanation:
   • Use diagrams and models to show the organs of the respiratory system and explain their functions.
   • Discuss how the respiratory system works to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
3. Activity:
   • Have students label a diagram of the respiratory system.
   • Encourage group discussions on how breathing helps in daily activities and overall well-being.
4. Review:
   • Recap the key points about the organs and functions of the respiratory system.
   • Address any questions or misconceptions the students may have.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explain the meaning and importance of the respiratory system.
• Use visual aids to show the different organs involved in breathing.
• Engage students in discussions and activities to reinforce learning.

Learners’ Activities:

• Participate in discussions about the respiratory system and its functions.
• Label diagrams and identify the organs involved in the respiratory process.
• Engage in group activities and ask questions for clarification.

Assessment:

• Ask students to explain the function of each organ in the respiratory system.
• Provide exercises for students to match the organs with their functions.

10 Evaluation Questions:

1. What is the main function of the respiratory system?
2. Name two organs involved in the respiratory process.
3. What happens in the alveoli of the lungs?
4. How does the trachea help in breathing?
5. Why is the respiratory system important for life?
6. What is the role of the bronchi in the respiratory system?
7. How does oxygen get into the blood?
8. What is the function of the nose and mouth in breathing?
9. How does the respiratory system remove carbon dioxide?
10. What organ connects the throat to the lungs?

Conclusion:

• Mark students’ work, provide feedback, and encourage questions. Reinforce the importance of understanding the respiratory system and its role in maintaining life.