Spread of Diseases Physical and Health Education Primary 4 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 8
How Diseases Spread: Learn to Stay Healthy
Lesson Plan Presentation
Subject: Physical and Health Education
Class: Primary 5
Term: Third Term
Week: 8
Topic: Spread of Diseases
Sub-topic: Ways Diseases are Spread
Duration: 60 minutes
Behavioural Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Describe how diseases are spread.
- List types of pathogens.
- Provide examples of diseases spread by air, food, insects, and body contact.
- Differentiate between communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Key Words:
Pathogen, disease, communicable, non-communicable, tuberculosis, diarrhoea, malaria, scabies.
Entry Behaviour:
Pupils are familiar with basic hygiene practices and have some knowledge of common illnesses.
Learning Resources and Materials:
- Chart showing different types of pathogens and diseases.
- Flashcards with disease names and pictures.
- Hand sanitizer for demonstration.
- Pictures of insects that spread diseases.
Building Background / Connection to Prior Knowledge:
Ask pupils to name any diseases they know and discuss how they think people get sick.
Embedded Core Skills:
- Critical thinking
- Communication
- Health awareness
Reference Books:
Lagos State Scheme of Work, Physical and Health Education for Primary Schools, Textbook on Health Education.
Instructional Materials:
- Charts
- Flashcards
- Hand sanitizer
- Pictures
Content
I. Describe the ways diseases are spread:
- Air: Diseases can spread when infected people cough or sneeze, releasing germs into the air.
- Food: Contaminated food can carry germs, causing diseases when eaten.
- Insects: Insects like mosquitoes can carry and transmit diseases.
- Body contact: Touching an infected person or sharing personal items can spread diseases.
Examples of diseases spread by different agents:
- Air: Tuberculosis
- Food: Diarrhoea
- Insects: Malaria
- Body contact: Scabies
Spread of Diseases
Ways Diseases Are Spread:
- Air 🌬️
- Diseases: Tuberculosis, Flu
- Example: When someone with tuberculosis coughs, tiny droplets with germs float in the air. If you breathe them in, you might get sick.
- Food 🍎
- Diseases: Diarrhoea, Food Poisoning
- Example: Eating food that is not clean or cooked properly can give you diarrhoea.
- Insect 🦟
- Diseases: Malaria, Dengue
- Example: Mosquitoes can carry the malaria germ. When they bite you, you can get malaria.
- Body Contact 🤝
- Diseases: Scabies, Ringworm
- Example: Touching someone with scabies can spread the mites to your skin.
Examples of Diseases Spread by Different Agents:
- Air 🌬️
- Disease: Tuberculosis
- Example: A person with TB coughing spreads germs through the air.
- Food 🍎
- Disease: Diarrhoea
- Example: Eating spoiled or dirty food causes diarrhoea.
- Insect 🦟
- Disease: Malaria
- Example: A mosquito bite can transmit malaria.
- Body Contact 🤝
- Disease: Scabies
- Example: Touching someone with scabies can spread the mites to your skin.
Remember: Always wash your hands, keep your food clean, and stay away from sick people to stay healthy!
Class Activity Discussion on Spread of Diseases
- Q: How are diseases spread through the air?
A: Diseases can spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing germs into the air. - Q: Can you give an example of a disease spread by air?
A: Yes, tuberculosis is a disease spread by air. - Q: How do diseases spread through food?
A: Diseases can spread through food when it is contaminated with germs, often from dirty hands or surfaces. - Q: What is an example of a disease spread by contaminated food?
A: Diarrhoea is an example of a disease spread by contaminated food. - Q: How are diseases spread by insects?
A: Insects can carry germs and spread diseases by biting humans. - Q: Can you name a disease spread by insects?
A: Malaria is a disease spread by mosquitoes. - Q: How are diseases spread by body contact?
A: Diseases can spread by body contact when touching an infected person or sharing personal items. - Q: What is an example of a disease spread by body contact?
A: Scabies is an example of a disease spread by body contact. - Q: What should you do to prevent diseases spread by air?
A: Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing and wear masks to prevent spreading germs. - Q: How can you prevent diseases spread by food?
A: Wash your hands before eating and ensure food is cooked properly. - Q: What can be done to prevent diseases spread by insects?
A: Use insect repellent and sleep under mosquito nets to avoid insect bites. - Q: How can you prevent diseases spread by body contact?
A: Avoid sharing personal items and wash hands regularly to prevent diseases spread by body contact. - Q: Why is it important to wash your hands?
A: Washing hands helps remove germs and prevents the spread of many diseases. - Q: What are communicable diseases?
A: Communicable diseases are diseases that can be spread from person to person. - Q: What are non-communicable diseases?
A: Non-communicable diseases are diseases that cannot be spread from person to person.
Third Mid Term Test Physical and Health Education Primary 4 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 7
Evaluation Questions
- Diseases can spread through the ______.
a) Water
b) Air
c) Fire
d) Soil - Tuberculosis is spread by ______.
a) Food
b) Insects
c) Air
d) Water - Diarrhoea is often caused by ______.
a) Bad air
b) Dirty food
c) Mosquito bites
d) Cold weather - Malaria is spread by ______.
a) Flies
b) Ants
c) Mosquitoes
d) Bees - Scabies can be spread by ______ contact.
a) Eye
b) Ear
c) Body
d) Foot - Diseases spread through air include ______.
a) Malaria
b) Scabies
c) Tuberculosis
d) Diarrhoea - ______ is an example of a disease spread by insects.
a) Tuberculosis
b) Diarrhoea
c) Malaria
d) Ringworm - Eating contaminated food can cause ______.
a) Malaria
b) Diarrhoea
c) Tuberculosis
d) Scabies - ______ can spread diseases by biting.
a) Mosquitoes
b) Dogs
c) Birds
d) Fish - Sharing clothes with an infected person can spread ______.
a) Diarrhoea
b) Tuberculosis
c) Scabies
d) Malaria - To prevent diseases, we should always wash our ______ before eating.
a) Clothes
b) Hands
c) Feet
d) Face - ______ is an example of a non-communicable disease.
a) Malaria
b) Cancer
c) Tuberculosis
d) Scabies - ______ helps to prevent the spread of diseases through air.
a) Washing hands
b) Wearing masks
c) Eating well-cooked food
d) Using mosquito nets - Covering your mouth when you ______ can help stop the spread of germs.
a) Sing
b) Cough
c) Eat
d) Sleep - Using ______ can protect you from insect bites.
a) Soap
b) Nets
c) Gloves
d) Hats
These questions are designed to help grade 4 pupils understand how diseases are spread and how to prevent them.
Presentation
Step 1:
The teacher revises the previous topic which was “Hygiene and Personal Health”.
- Ask pupils to recall what they learned about keeping themselves clean and preventing illness.
Step 2:
The teacher introduces the new topic “Spread of Diseases”.
- Explain how germs cause diseases and how these germs can spread from one person to another.
Step 3:
The teacher allows the pupils to give their own contributions and corrects them when and where necessary.
- Encourage pupils to share what they know about how diseases spread.
- Use flashcards and pictures to show different ways diseases are spread and examples of diseases.
Teacher’s Activities:
- Display charts and flashcards.
- Explain how each type of pathogen spreads diseases.
- Demonstrate the use of hand sanitizer and discuss its importance.
Learners’ Activities:
- Participate in discussions.
- Answer questions.
- Identify examples of diseases from flashcards and pictures.
Assessment
- Describe one way diseases can spread through air.
- Give an example of a disease spread by contaminated food.
- Name an insect that spreads diseases.
- Explain how diseases can be spread by body contact.
Evaluation Questions:
- What are pathogens?
- Name one disease spread through the air.
- How can food cause diseases?
- Which insect is known for spreading malaria?
- What disease can you get from body contact?
- What is a communicable disease?
- What is a non-communicable disease?
- How can we prevent the spread of diseases by air?
- Why is it important to cook food properly?
- How can we avoid diseases spread by insects?
Conclusion:
The teacher goes around to mark and give feedback on pupils’ work, ensuring they understand how diseases spread and how to prevent them.