Understanding the Digestive System: How Our Bodies Process Food Basic Science Primary 4 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 9

Lesson Plan: The Digestive System

Subject: Basic Science

Class: Primary 4

Term: Third Term

Week: 9

Topic: The Digestive System

Sub-topic: Meaning of Digestion, Digestive Organs, Digestion of Food

Duration: 40 Minutes

Behavioural Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Define digestion.
2. Identify the main digestive organs.
3. Describe the process of digestion.

Key Words

• Digestion
• Mouth
• Tongue
• Stomach
• Small Intestine
• Large Intestine

Entry Behaviour

Pupils have a basic understanding of different types of food and their importance.

Learning Resources and Materials

• Charts showing the digestive system
• Flashcards with key terms
• Pictures of digestive organs

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge

Pupils are familiar with eating food and its importance for energy and growth.

Embedded Core Skills

• Observation
• Critical Thinking
• Communication

Reference Books

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Basic Science Textbook for Primary 4

Instructional Materials

• Charts showing the digestive system
• Flashcards with key terms
• Pictures of digestive organs

Content

1. Meaning of Digestion: The process of breaking down food into smaller parts that the body can use.
2. Digestive Organs:
   • Mouth: Chews food and mixes it with saliva.
   • Tongue: Moves food around and mixes it with saliva.
   • Stomach: Mixes food with stomach juices.
   • Small Intestine: Absorbs nutrients from digested food.
   • Large Intestine: Absorbs water and forms waste products.
3. Digestion of Food: Starts in the mouth, continues in the stomach, and completes in the intestines.

Anatomy And Physiology Of Farm Animals: Digestive, Circulatory and Reproduction system

The Digestive System

1. Meaning of Digestion: Breaking down food into smaller parts for the body to use 🍔🔍
2. Digestive Organs:
   • Mouth: Where food enters the body and chewing begins 👄
   • Tongue: Helps move food around and mixes it with saliva 👅
   • Stomach: Holds and mixes food with stomach juices for digestion 🥣
   • Small Intestine: Absorbs nutrients from digested food 🍏
   • Large Intestine: Absorbs water and forms waste products 💧💩
3. Digestion of Food:
   • Mouth: Chewing breaks food into smaller pieces.
   • Stomach: Acid and enzymes break down food further.
   • Small Intestine: Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.
   • Large Intestine: Water is absorbed, and waste is formed.

Understanding the digestive system helps us know how our bodies process food for energy! 🌟

Evaluation Questions on the Digestive System

1. What is the process of breaking down food called? a) Absorption b) Digestion c) Circulation d) Respiration
2. Which organ helps mix food with saliva? a) Stomach b) Small intestine c) Tongue d) Liver
3. Where does digestion begin? a) Small intestine b) Stomach c) Mouth d) Large intestine
4. Which organ holds and mixes food with stomach juices? a) Small intestine b) Tongue c) Stomach d) Liver
5. What absorbs nutrients from digested food? a) Large intestine b) Small intestine c) Liver d) Mouth
6. Which organ absorbs water and forms waste products? a) Stomach b) Mouth c) Small intestine d) Large intestine
7. What is the function of the tongue in digestion? a) Absorbing nutrients b) Mixing food with saliva c) Holding food d) Absorbing water
8. Where does absorption of nutrients occur? a) Mouth b) Stomach c) Small intestine d) Large intestine
9. Which organ breaks down food with acid and enzymes? a) Mouth b) Large intestine c) Stomach d) Small intestine
10. What is the main purpose of digestion? a) To absorb nutrients b) To form waste products c) To break down food d) To absorb water
11. Which organ is responsible for absorbing water? a) Small intestine b) Liver c) Stomach d) Large intestine
12. Where does digestion of food end? a) Small intestine b) Stomach c) Large intestine d) Mouth
13. What organ holds food before digestion begins? a) Small intestine b) Liver c) Stomach d) Tongue
14. Which part of the digestive system absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream? a) Small intestine b) Liver c) Stomach d) Large intestine
15. Which organ helps move food around in the mouth? a) Small intestine b) Stomach c) Liver d) Tongue

The Human Digestive System and The Alimentary Canal

Class Activity Discussion on the Digestive System

1. Q: What does digestion mean?
   • **A: Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller parts.
2. Q: What are the main digestive organs?
   • **A: The main digestive organs are the mouth, tongue, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
3. Q: What does the mouth do in digestion?
   • **A: The mouth helps chew food and mix it with saliva.
4. Q: What is the function of the tongue in digestion?
   • **A: The tongue helps move food around and mix it with saliva.
5. Q: What happens in the stomach during digestion?
   • **A: In the stomach, food mixes with stomach juices and is broken down further.
6. Q: What is the role of the small intestine in digestion?
   • **A: The small intestine absorbs nutrients from digested food.
7. Q: What does the large intestine do?
   • **A: The large intestine absorbs water and forms waste products.
8. Q: How does digestion begin?
   • **A: Digestion begins in the mouth, where food is chewed and mixed with saliva.
9. Q: Where does absorption of nutrients occur?
   • **A: Absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine.
10. Q: What is the purpose of digestion?
    • **A: The purpose of digestion is to break down food into smaller parts that the body can use for energy and growth.
11. Q: What happens to food in the stomach?
    • **A: In the stomach, food is mixed with stomach juices and broken down by acid and enzymes.
12. Q: Why is the small intestine important?
    • **A: The small intestine is important because it absorbs nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream.
13. Q: What is the last part of the digestive system?
    • **A: The last part of the digestive system is the large intestine, where water is absorbed and waste is formed.
14. Q: How does the digestive system help our bodies?
    • **A: The digestive system helps our bodies by breaking down food into nutrients that provide energy and support growth and repair.
15. Q: Why is it important to chew food well?
    • **A: Chewing food well helps break it down into smaller pieces, making it easier for the stomach and intestines to digest

The Digestive system.

Presentation

Step 1: Revision

Teacher’s Activities:

• Review the previous topic on harmful foods.
• Ask pupils to name examples of harmful foods and their effects.

Learners’ Activities:

• Pupils respond by naming harmful foods and discussing their effects.

Step 2: Introduction of New Topic

Teacher’s Activities:

• Introduce the new topic: The Digestive System.
• Define digestion as the process of breaking down food into smaller parts.

Learners’ Activities:

• Listen and ask questions about digestion.

Step 3: Digestive Organs

Teacher’s Activities:

• Show charts of the digestive system.
• Explain the function of each organ: mouth, tongue, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.

Learners’ Activities:

• Identify and name the digestive organs on the chart.
• Discuss what they know about each organ’s function.

Step 4: Digestion of Food

Teacher’s Activities:

• Describe the process of digestion step-by-step: from the mouth to the intestines.
• Use pictures to illustrate each step.

Learners’ Activities:

• Follow along with the description and ask questions.
• Share their understanding of how food is digested.

Teacher’s Activities

• Guide pupils through definitions and functions of digestive organs.
• Facilitate discussions on the digestion process.
• Provide visual aids for better understanding.

Learners’ Activities

• Participate in discussions.
• Identify digestive organs on charts.
• Describe the digestion process in their own words.

Assessment

• Assess through participation in discussions and understanding of concepts.

Ten Evaluation Questions

1. What is digestion?
2. Name the organ where digestion begins.
3. What does the tongue do during digestion?
4. Which organ mixes food with stomach juices?
5. Where are nutrients absorbed in the digestive system?
6. What is the role of the large intestine?
7. How does food move from the mouth to the stomach?
8. Why is the small intestine important?
9. What happens to water in the large intestine?
10. What are the main steps of digestion?

Conclusion

Teacher’s Activities:

• Go around the class to check pupils’ understanding.
• Provide feedback and corrections.

Learners’ Activities:

• Ask questions and seek clarification where needed.

By the end of the lesson, pupils will have a clear understanding of the digestive system, the organs involved, and how digestion works to provide nutrients to the body.