JSS 2 BASIC SCIENCE SECOND TERM REVISION

Farm Animals 

Farm animals are animals that are raised on farms for a variety of reasons such as for food, wool, or as work animals. Here are some examples of common farm animals:

Cows: Cows are raised on farms for their milk and meat. Milk is used to make dairy products such as cheese and yogurt.

Pigs: Pigs are raised on farms for their meat, which is called pork. Bacon and ham are also made from pigs.

Chickens: Chickens are raised on farms for their eggs and meat. Eggs are used in a variety of foods such as cakes, breads, and omelets.

Sheep: Sheep are raised on farms for their wool, which is used to make clothing such as sweaters and blankets.

Horses: Horses are often raised on farms for work purposes, such as plowing fields or pulling carts.

Goats: Goats are raised on farms for their milk and meat. Goat milk is often used to make cheese and yogurt.

These are just a few examples of the many different types of farm animals that exist. They are important to farmers and our food system because they provide us with a variety of different products that we use in our daily lives.

Farm Animals

Which of the following animals is raised on a farm for its wool?
a) Cows
b) Pigs
c) Chickens
d) Sheep

Which animal is raised on a farm for its milk?
a) Pigs
b) Horses
c) Goats
d) Sheep

Which animal is often used for work purposes on a farm?
a) Chickens
b) Horses
c) Sheep
d) Goats

Which animal is raised on a farm for its meat, which is called pork?
a) Chickens
b) Pigs
c) Cows
d) Sheep

Which animal is raised on a farm for its eggs?
a) Horses
b) Cows
c) Chickens
d) Goats

Which animal is raised on a farm for its meat, which is called beef?
a) Pigs
b) Horses
c) Goats
d) Cows

Which animal is raised on a farm for its meat, which is called mutton?
a) Chickens
b) Pigs
c) Cows
d) Sheep

Which animal is often used for transportation on a farm?
a) Chickens
b) Pigs
c) Horses
d) Goats

Which animal is raised on a farm for its milk, which is often used to make cheese and yogurt?
a) Cows
b) Pigs
c) Horses
d) Sheep

Which animal is raised on a farm for its meat, which is called goat meat?
a) Cows
b) Pigs
c) Horses
d) Goats

Animal feeds and feeding

Animal feeds are the foods given to animals to help them grow, stay healthy, and produce the products that we use from them, such as milk or eggs. Here are some examples of animal feeds and how they are used:

Hay: Hay is a type of dried grass or legume that is often used to feed livestock such as cows and horses. It provides them with the roughage they need to maintain healthy digestive systems.

Corn: Corn is a type of grain that is often used as feed for chickens and pigs. It is high in energy and helps them to grow and produce eggs or meat.

Soybean Meal: Soybean meal is a byproduct of soybean oil production and is often used as feed for poultry and pigs. It is high in protein and helps them to grow and stay healthy.

Alfalfa: Alfalfa is a legume that is often used to feed livestock such as cows and sheep. It is high in protein and minerals and helps them to produce milk and wool.

Fish Meal: Fish meal is made from ground-up fish and is often used as feed for aquaculture animals such as fish and shrimp. It is high in protein and helps them to grow.

Silage: Silage is made from fermented corn or other plants and is often used as feed for cows. It is high in nutrients and provides them with the energy they need to produce milk.

These are just a few examples of the many different types of animal feeds that exist. Farmers must carefully choose the right type of feed for their animals to ensure they stay healthy and produce the products we use from them.

Animal Feeds and Feeding

What is hay?
a) A type of dried grass or legume used as animal feed
b) A type of grain used as animal feed
c) A type of processed meat
d) A type of fruit used as animal feed

Which animal is corn often used as feed for?
a) Cows and horses
b) Chickens and pigs
c) Sheep and goats
d) Fish and shrimp

What is soybean meal?
a) A type of hay used as animal feed
b) A byproduct of soybean oil production used as animal feed
c) A type of fish used as animal feed
d) A type of fruit used as animal feed

What is alfalfa?
a) A type of hay used as animal feed
b) A byproduct of soybean oil production used as animal feed
c) A type of fish used as animal feed
d) A type of fruit used as animal feed

What is fish meal?
a) A type of hay used as animal feed
b) A type of grain used as animal feed
c) A type of fish used as animal feed
d) A byproduct of soybean oil production used as animal feed

What is silage?
a) A type of hay used as animal feed
b) A byproduct of soybean oil production used as animal feed
c) A type of fermented plant used as animal feed
d) A type of fish used as animal feed

What is the purpose of animal feeds?
a) To help animals grow and stay healthy
b) To provide a source of entertainment for animals
c) To help animals communicate with each other
d) To provide a source of exercise for animals

Which animal is alfalfa often used to feed?
a) Cows and horses
b) Chickens and pigs
c) Sheep and goats
d) Fish and shrimp

What is the purpose of corn as animal feed?
a) To provide a source of energy for animals
b) To help animals communicate with each other
c) To provide a source of entertainment for animals
d) To provide a source of exercise for animals

What is the purpose of soybean meal as animal feed?
a) To provide a source of protein for animals
b) To help animals communicate with each other
c) To provide a source of entertainment for animals
d) To provide a source of exercise for animals

Mention four importance of soil

Soil is the thin layer of material on the Earth’s surface that supports the growth of plants and other living organisms. Here are four important functions of soil:

Soil supports plant growth: Plants obtain the nutrients and water they need to grow from the soil. The soil provides the necessary support for plants to anchor their roots and grow upwards towards the sun. Without soil, plants would not be able to grow and we would not have food to eat.

Soil regulates water: Soil helps regulate the water cycle by storing, filtering, and releasing water. It absorbs and holds rainwater, preventing floods and erosion. It also helps recharge underground water sources, which are important for drinking and irrigation.

Soil stores carbon: Soil stores large amounts of carbon, which is important for regulating the Earth’s climate. When plants and animals die, their organic matter is decomposed by soil organisms and stored in the soil as carbon. Healthy soils can store even more carbon, which helps reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Soil supports biodiversity: Soil is home to many living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and insects. These organisms break down organic matter, recycle nutrients, and create a healthy soil environment for plants to grow. Soil is also important for habitat and food for many animals, including worms, insects, and small mammals.

These are just a few examples of the many important functions of soil. It is a vital resource that is necessary for life on Earth and should be protected and conserved.

Importance of Soil

What is the main function of soil?
a) To support plant growth
b) To regulate the water cycle
c) To store carbon
d) To support biodiversity

How does soil support plant growth?
a) By providing nutrients and water to plants
b) By filtering water
c) By storing carbon
d) By supporting biodiversity

What is the importance of soil in regulating the water cycle?
a) It helps prevent floods and erosion
b) It provides nutrients to plants
c) It supports biodiversity
d) It stores carbon

What is the importance of soil in storing carbon?
a) It helps regulate the Earth’s climate
b) It supports biodiversity
c) It provides nutrients to plants
d) It helps prevent floods and erosion

What is the importance of soil in supporting biodiversity?
a) It provides habitat and food for many animals
b) It helps prevent floods and erosion
c) It supports plant growth
d) It regulates the water cycle

What is the importance of soil in providing nutrients to plants?
a) It supports plant growth
b) It helps prevent floods and erosion
c) It stores carbon
d) It supports biodiversity

What is erosion?
a) The process of plants taking in water from the soil
b) The process of soil being washed away by water or wind
c) The process of soil storing carbon
d) The process of soil supporting biodiversity

How does soil help recharge underground water sources?
a) By absorbing and holding rainwater
b) By providing nutrients to plants
c) By storing carbon
d) By supporting biodiversity

What happens when plants and animals die and decompose in soil?
a) Their organic matter is stored in the soil as carbon
b) Their organic matter is used to create biodiversity
c) Their organic matter helps prevent erosion
d) Their organic matter helps recharge underground water sources

Why is soil an important resource?
a) It is necessary for life on Earth
b) It supports biodiversity
c) It helps regulate the Earth’s climate
d) All of the above

Mention four types of food nutrients

The four types of food nutrients are:

Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for the body. They are found in foods such as bread, pasta, rice, fruits, and vegetables.

Proteins: Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues in the body. They are found in foods such as meat, fish, poultry, beans, and tofu.

Fats: Fats provide energy and help the body absorb vitamins. They are found in foods such as butter, oil, nuts, and fatty fish.

Vitamins and minerals: Vitamins and minerals are essential for maintaining good health. They are found in foods such as fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and meat.

These four types of nutrients are essential for maintaining a healthy body and should be included in a balanced diet.

Types of Food Nutrients

Which nutrient is the primary source of energy for the body?
a) Proteins
b) Carbohydrates
c) Fats
d) Vitamins

Which nutrient is essential for building and repairing tissues in the body?
a) Proteins
b) Carbohydrates
c) Fats
d) Vitamins

Which nutrient provides energy and helps the body absorb vitamins?
a) Proteins
b) Carbohydrates
c) Fats
d) Minerals

Which nutrient is essential for maintaining good health?
a) Carbohydrates
b) Fats
c) Vitamins and minerals
d) Proteins

What type of food contains carbohydrates?
a) Meat and poultry
b) Fruits and vegetables
c) Nuts and seeds
d) Dairy products

What type of food contains proteins?
a) Fruits and vegetables
b) Meat and poultry
c) Dairy products
d) Oils and fats

What type of food contains fats?
a) Nuts and seeds
b) Meat and poultry
c) Fruits and vegetables
d) Dairy products

Which nutrient is essential for maintaining healthy bones?
a) Vitamin C
b) Iron
c) Calcium
d) Zinc

What type of food contains vitamins and minerals?
a) Meat and poultry
b) Dairy products
c) Fruits and vegetables
d) Oils and fats

Why is it important to include all four types of nutrients in a balanced diet?
a) To maintain a healthy body
b) To prevent diseases
c) To improve mental health
d) To increase muscle mass

*What are the functions of food sweeter*

Food sweeteners are substances that are added to foods and beverages to make them taste sweet. They come in many different forms, such as sugar, honey, maple syrup, and artificial sweeteners. Here are some functions of food sweeteners:

To enhance flavor: Sweeteners are added to foods and drinks to improve their taste. They make foods and drinks more enjoyable to consume by adding sweetness and flavor.

To provide energy: Sweeteners are a source of energy for the body. When we eat sweet foods, our body converts the sweeteners into glucose, which provides us with the energy we need to carry out daily activities.

To preserve foods: Sweeteners can help preserve foods by slowing down the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. This is why sweeteners are often added to jams, jellies, and other preserved foods.

To balance flavors: Sweeteners can be used to balance out the flavors of other ingredients in foods and drinks. For example, a small amount of sugar may be added to a tomato sauce to balance out its acidity.

To add texture: Sweeteners can also be used to add texture to foods. For example, sugar is often added to baked goods to help them rise and create a light, fluffy texture.

These are just a few examples of the many functions of food sweeteners. While they can make foods taste better and provide energy, it is important to consume them in moderation as consuming too much sugar and other sweeteners can have negative effects on our health.

Functions of Food Sweeteners

What are food sweeteners?
a) Substances added to foods and beverages to make them taste sweet
b) Substances added to foods and beverages to make them taste salty
c) Substances added to foods and beverages to make them taste sour
d) Substances added to foods and beverages to make them taste bitter

What is the function of food sweeteners in enhancing flavor?
a) To make foods and drinks taste less sweet
b) To make foods and drinks taste more sour
c) To make foods and drinks taste more bitter
d) To make foods and drinks taste sweet and flavorful

How do sweeteners provide energy to the body?
a) By converting into glucose
b) By converting into fat
c) By converting into protein
d) By converting into vitamins

What is the function of sweeteners in preserving foods?
a) To make foods taste sweet
b) To slow down the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms
c) To add texture to foods
d) To balance out the flavors of other ingredients

What is the function of sweeteners in balancing flavors?
a) To add sweetness to foods
b) To add bitterness to foods
c) To add sourness to foods
d) To balance out the flavors of other ingredients

What is the function of sweeteners in adding texture to foods?
a) To make foods taste sweeter
b) To slow down the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms
c) To make foods rise and create a light, fluffy texture
d) To balance out the flavors of other ingredients

Which of the following is an example of a food sweetener?
a) Salt
b) Pepper
c) Sugar
d) Vinegar

Why is it important to consume sweeteners in moderation?
a) Consuming too much sugar and other sweeteners can have negative effects on our health
b) Consuming too much sugar and other sweeteners can have positive effects on our health
c) Consuming too much sugar and other sweeteners has no effect on our health
d) Consuming too much sugar and other sweeteners can lead to weight gain

Which of the following is an example of an artificial sweetener?
a) Honey
b) Maple syrup
c) Stevia
d) Molasses

What is the primary function of food sweeteners?
a) To make foods taste sweet and flavorful
b) To make foods taste salty
c) To make foods taste sour
d) To make foods taste bitter

*Balanced ration, production ration, and maintenance ration are three different types of rations that are used to feed livestock on a farm.*

Balanced ration: A balanced ration is a type of animal feed that contains all the necessary nutrients in the correct proportions to meet the animal’s nutritional needs. It is designed to maintain the animal’s health and promote growth, and it typically includes a combination of grains, protein supplements, minerals, and vitamins. Balanced rations are commonly used for dairy cows, beef cattle, pigs, and poultry.

Production ration: A production ration is a type of animal feed that is designed to meet the specific nutritional needs of animals that are in production, such as dairy cows or laying hens. Production rations are formulated to provide the necessary nutrients for milk production, egg production, or other forms of production, while also maintaining the animal’s overall health.

Maintenance ration: A maintenance ration is a type of animal feed that is designed to meet the animal’s basic nutritional needs to maintain its body weight and health. It is typically used for animals that are not in production or are not growing, such as mature horses or beef cattle. Maintenance rations provide the necessary nutrients to maintain the animal’s body functions, but they do not provide extra nutrients for growth or production.

What is a balanced ration?
a) A type of animal feed that contains all the necessary nutrients in the correct proportions to meet the animal’s nutritional needs
b) A type of animal feed that is designed for animals in production
c) A type of animal feed that is used for animals that are not in production or are not growing
d) None of the above

What types of animals commonly use a balanced ration?
a) Dairy cows, beef cattle, pigs, and poultry
b) Horses and goats
c) Fish and shrimp
d) Dogs and cats

What is a production ration?
a) A type of animal feed that contains all the necessary nutrients in the correct proportions to meet the animal’s nutritional needs
b) A type of animal feed that is designed for animals in production
c) A type of animal feed that is used for animals that are not in production or are not growing
d) None of the above

What is a production ration designed to do?
a) Provide the necessary nutrients for growth
b) Provide the necessary nutrients for milk production, egg production, or other forms of production
c) Provide the necessary nutrients for maintenance only
d) None of the above

What is a maintenance ration?
a) A type of animal feed that contains all the necessary nutrients in the correct proportions to meet the animal’s nutritional needs
b) A type of animal feed that is designed for animals in production
c) A type of animal feed that is used for animals that are not in production or are not growing
d) None of the above

What animals typically use a maintenance ration?
a) Dairy cows, beef cattle, pigs, and poultry
b) Horses and goats
c) Fish and shrimp
d) Dogs and cats

What is the purpose of a maintenance ration?
a) To provide extra nutrients for growth or production
b) To maintain the animal’s body weight and health
c) To provide nutrients for milk production, egg production, or other forms of production
d) None of the above

Which of the following is NOT a type of ration?
a) Production ration
b) Maintenance ration
c) Weight loss ration
d) Balanced ration

Which type of animal feed is designed for animals in production?
a) Balanced ration
b) Maintenance ration
c) Production ration
d) None of the above

Which type of animal feed is used for animals that are not in production or are not growing?
a) Balanced ration
b) Maintenance ration
c) Production ration
d) None of the above

Balanced Ration

Balanced nutrition: A good ration should contain a balanced amount of protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals to meet the animal’s nutritional requirements. A balanced ration ensures that the animal receives the right amount of each nutrient to maintain good health and promote growth.

Digestibility: A good ration should be easily digested by the animal. The feed ingredients should be selected based on their digestibility and nutrient availability. This ensures that the animal is able to absorb the nutrients in the feed and convert them into energy and growth.

Palatability: A good ration should be palatable and appealing to the animal. Animals are more likely to consume feed that they find tasty, which helps to ensure that they receive the necessary nutrients to meet their nutritional needs.

Cost-effective: A good ration should be cost-effective for the farmer. The feed ingredients should be selected based on their nutrient content and cost. This ensures that the ration is affordable and can be provided to the animal in a sustainable manner.

What is a good ration?
a) A ration that contains only protein and minerals
b) A ration that contains a balanced amount of protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals
c) A ration that contains a high amount of protein and low amount of carbohydrates
d) A ration that contains a high amount of carbohydrates and low amount of fats

What is the purpose of a balanced ration?
a) To provide only protein to the animal
b) To provide all the necessary nutrients in the correct proportions to meet the animal’s nutritional requirements
c) To provide more carbohydrates and less protein to the animal
d) To provide more fats and less vitamins to the animal

What is digestibility?
a) The ability of the animal to eat a large amount of feed
b) The ability of the animal to digest and absorb nutrients from the feed
c) The ability of the feed to stay fresh for a long time
d) The ability of the feed to increase animal weight rapidly

Why is digestibility important in a good ration?
a) It ensures that the animal eats a large amount of feed
b) It ensures that the animal absorbs the necessary nutrients from the feed
c) It ensures that the feed stays fresh for a long time
d) It ensures that the animal gains weight rapidly

What is palatability?
a) The ability of the animal to eat a large amount of feed
b) The ability of the feed to stay fresh for a long time
c) The ability of the feed to be easily digested by the animal
d) The ability of the feed to be tasty and appealing to the animal

Why is palatability important in a good ration?
a) It ensures that the animal eats a large amount of feed
b) It ensures that the animal absorbs the necessary nutrients from the feed
c) It ensures that the feed stays fresh for a long time
d) It ensures that the animal finds the feed tasty and appealing, which encourages them to eat and receive the necessary nutrients.

What is cost-effectiveness?
a) The ability of the animal to eat a large amount of feed
b) The ability of the feed to stay fresh for a long time
c) The affordability of the feed for the farmer
d) The ability of the feed to be easily digested by the animal

Why is cost-effectiveness important in a good ration?
a) It ensures that the animal gains weight rapidly
b) It ensures that the feed is fresh and nutritious
c) It ensures that the feed is affordable and sustainable for the farmer
d) It ensures that the animal eats a large amount of feed

What factors should be considered when selecting feed ingredients for a good ration?
a) Nutrient content and cost
b) Nutrient content and taste
c) Nutrient content and color
d) Nutrient content and texture

What is the benefit of providing a good ration to animals?
a) Maintaining good health and promoting growth
b) Increasing the cost of production
c) Decreasing the amount of feed consumed by the animal
d) Reducing the quality of animal products such as meat, milk or eggs.