Mastering Fractions and Decimals: Addition, Subtraction, and More Mathematics Primary 6 First Term Lesson Notes Week 6

Lesson Plan for Week 6

Subject: Mathematics
Class: Primary 6
Term: First Term
Week: 6
Age: 11 years
Topic: Fractions and Decimals
Sub-Topic: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions, Multiplication and Division of Fractions, Real-Life Problems, Quantitative Reasoning
Duration: 60 minutes

Behavioral Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Add and subtract any given set of fractions.
2. Multiply and divide any given set of fractions.
3. Convert fractions to decimals and vice versa.
4. Interpret and solve real-life problems involving fractions and decimals.
5. Solve quantitative reasoning problems related to fractions.

Keywords

• Fractions
• Decimals
• Addition
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
• Division
• Conversion
• Real-Life Problems
• Quantitative Reasoning

Set Induction

Start by discussing everyday situations involving fractions and decimals, such as cooking recipes, money, and measurements, to show the relevance of the topic.

Entry Behavior

Pupils should be familiar with basic operations with whole numbers and have a basic understanding of fractions and decimals.

Learning Resources and Materials

• Fraction and decimal charts
• Worksheets with practice problems
• Visual aids like fraction strips and decimal grids

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge

Connect the lesson to previous topics on addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, explaining how these operations apply to fractions and decimals.

Embedded Core Skills

• Analytical Thinking
• Problem-Solving
• Mathematical Reasoning

Learning Materials

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Fraction and decimal charts
• Example problems on the board

Reference Books

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• New General Mathematics for Primary Schools

Instructional Materials

• Charts and visual aids
• Chalkboard/Whiteboard
• Markers/Chalk

Content

1. Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
   • Same Denominator:
     • Add or subtract numerators while keeping the denominator the same.
     • Example: 2/5 + 1/5 = 3/5
   • Different Denominators:
     • Find the least common multiple (LCM) of the denominators, convert the fractions, then add or subtract.
     • Example: 2/3 + 1/4
       • LCM of 3 and 4 is 12.
       • Convert: 2/3 = 8/12 and 1/4 = 3/12
       • Sum: 8/12 + 3/12 = 11/12
2. Multiplication and Division of Fractions
   • Multiplication:
     • Multiply numerators and denominators.
     • Example: 2/5 × 3/4 = 6/20 = 3/10
   • Division:
     • Multiply by the reciprocal of the second fraction.
     • Example: 3/5 ÷ 2/3 = 3/5 × 3/2 = 9/10
3. Conversion Between Fractions and Decimals
   • Fractions to Decimals:
     • Divide the numerator by the denominator.
     • Example: 3/4 = 0.75
   • Decimals to Fractions:
     • Write the decimal as a fraction and simplify.
     • Example: 0.6 = 6/10 = 3/5
4. Real-Life Problems Involving Fractions and Decimals
   • Example: If you need 3/4 of a cup of sugar, how much is that in decimals?
     • Convert 3/4 to 0.75 cups.
5. Quantitative Reasoning Problems Related to Fractions
   • Practice problems involving fractions in various contexts, such as recipes, measurements, and money.

Questions

1. The result of 2/8 + 1/8 is _______.
   a) 5/8
   b) 4/8
   c) 6/8
   d) 7/8
2. 5/6 – 1/6 equals _______.
   a) 4/6
   b) 5/12
   c) 6/6
   d) 3/6
3. The product of 2/5 × 4/7 is _______.
   a) 8/35
   b) 6/7
   c) 8/12
   d) 10/35
4. To divide 3/4 by 2/5, you multiply by _______.
   a) 5/2
   b) 4/3
   c) 2/3
   d) 5/4
5. 0.75 as a fraction is _______.
   a) 3/4
   b) 7/10
   c) 5/8
   d) 6/8
6. What is 7/10 + 2/5?
   a) 9/10
   b) 7/15
   c) 11/10
   d) 8/10
7. The result of 4/9 × 3/5 is _______.
   a) 12/45
   b) 7/15
   c) 8/45
   d) 12/30
8. Convert 0.4 to a fraction. The fraction is _______.
   a) 2/5
   b) 4/10
   c) 1/4
   d) 1/5
9. To subtract 3/8 – 1/4, convert 1/4 to _______.
   a) 2/8
   b) 1/2
   c) 3/12
   d) 3/4
10. The division of 5/6 ÷ 2/3 gives _______.
    a) 5/4
    b) 15/12
    c) 10/12
    d) 5/4
11. 2/3 + 5/6 equals _______.
    a) 7/6
    b) 10/12
    c) 1/2
    d) 5/9
12. The result of 7/8 × 1/2 is _______.
    a) 7/16
    b) 1/8
    c) 7/12
    d) 8/16
13. Convert 3/5 to a decimal. The decimal is _______.
    a) 0.6
    b) 0.75
    c) 0.3
    d) 0.5
14. 0.9 as a fraction is _______.
    a) 9/10
    b) 3/5
    c) 7/10
    d) 1/2
15. What is 4/7 divided by 2/3?
    a) 6/7
    b) 8/14
    c) 12/14
    d) 4/3

Class Activity Discussion

1. Q: How do you add fractions with different denominators?
   A: Find a common denominator, convert the fractions, then add the numerators.
2. Q: What is the first step in multiplying fractions?
   A: Multiply the numerators and then multiply the denominators.
3. Q: How do you convert a fraction to a decimal?
   A: Divide the numerator by the denominator.
4. Q: What is the method for dividing fractions?
   A: Multiply by the reciprocal of the divisor fraction.
5. Q: How do you simplify a fraction?
   A: Divide both the numerator and the denominator by their greatest common divisor.
6. Q: Can decimals be added to fractions?
   A: Yes, convert the decimal to a fraction or the fraction to a decimal before adding.
7. Q: What do you do when subtracting fractions with different denominators?
   A: Find a common denominator, convert the fractions, then subtract the numerators.
8. Q: How do you multiply a fraction by a decimal?
   A: Convert the decimal to a fraction, then multiply the fractions.
9. Q: What is the easiest way to handle a mixed number in operations?
   A: Convert it to an improper fraction, perform the operation, and convert back if needed.
10. Q: How do you handle real-life problems involving fractions?
    A: Translate the problem into a fraction operation and solve.
11. Q: How do you handle division of fractions?
    A: Flip the second fraction (reciprocal) and multiply.
12. Q: What is a reciprocal in fractions?
    A: It is the fraction you get by swapping the numerator and denominator.
13. Q: How do you convert a repeating decimal to a fraction?
    A: Use algebraic methods to represent the repeating decimal as a fraction.
14. Q: What is a mixed number?
    A: A number consisting of an integer and a fraction.
15. Q: How can real-life problems help understand fractions better?
    A: They show practical applications and make abstract concepts more tangible.

10 Evaluation Questions

1. What is 2/8 + 1/8 in its simplest form?
2. Solve 7/8 – 1/4 and express the result as a decimal.
3. Multiply 2/3 × 4/5 and write the answer in fraction form.
4. Divide 5/6 by 2/3 and provide the result in simplest form.
5. Convert 0.35 to a fraction.
6. What is 3/10 as a decimal?
7. Solve the problem: You have 2/3 of a liter of juice and you drink 1/4 of it. How much juice is left?
8. What is the decimal equivalent of 7/8?
9. Divide 0.8 by 1/2 and give the answer as a fraction.
10. Add 5/12 and 2/6 and express the answer in decimal form.

Conclusion

• Review the methods for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing fractions and decimals.
• Ensure pupils understand how to convert between fractions and decimals.
• Assign additional practice problems to reinforce understanding and problem-solving skills.

This Week 6 lesson plan covers addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of fractions and decimals, with real-life applications and quantitative reasoning, designed for Primary 6 pupils.