Subject : 

MUSIC

Term :

First Term / 1st Term

Week:

Week 4

Class :

JSS 2 / Basic 8

Previous lesson: 

The pupils have previous knowledge of

MAJOR SCALES

in their previous classes

Topic

Factors to Consider in Efficient Transcription

Behavioural objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to

• Say the meaning of Factors to Consider in Efficient Transcription
• explain Factors to Consider in Efficient Transcription
• explain sight singing

Instructional Materials:

• Wall charts
• Pictures of different types of houses
• Related Online Video
• Flash Cards

Methods of Teaching:

• Class Discussion
• Group Discussion
• Asking Questions
• Explanation
• Role Modelling
• Role Delegation

Reference Materials:

• Scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
• Workbooks

Content:

MUSICAL TERMS

Evaluation

1. How many flats are in key E_b major?
2. Differentiate between E_b major with key signature and E_b major without the key signature.

3. STAFF TO SOLFA AND SOLFA TO STAFF TRANSCRIPTION
4. It refers to the process of converting a piece of music from one system of notation to another. For example, a piece of music can be transcribed from staff notation to solfa notation and vice versa.
5. This exercise is also called ‘Translation’.

Factors to Consider in Efficient Transcription

6. (i) The key of the given music and the key signature.
7. (ii) The time of the music through the time signature.
8. (iii) The Clef involved [Treble or Bass].
9. (iv) The musical notes and their values [Duration in Beats].
10. (v) The number of bars involved.
11. (vi) The accurate positions of the notes on the staff.

Transcription From Staff to Solfa

12. Using the above guidelines, let us transcribe the music below to solfa notation.
13. Transcribe to solfa, Key C major, 2/4 time;
14. Here the key of the music is C major, the time is 2/4 [that is two crotchets in a bar], the clef involved is Treble. There are five bars. The musical note used are minims and crotchets. Observe the correct position of the note on the lines and spaces of the stave. The value of each minim is two beats while the each crotchet is one beat. Apply the punctuation marks strictly.
15. In the given music above, the minim is on C, that is ‘doh [d:d].In the second bar, the two crotchets are on C, that is [d:]. In the third bar,the music moves to D,E [ That is r:m].In the fourth bar, the music goes to F,D [that is f:r]. Finally the music ends with a minim on G [that is s: -]. Altogether, the music reads:-/d: -/d:d/r:m/f:r/s:-//
16. Following the above example, studying these ones carefully;

Transcription from Solfa to Staff or Stave

• In transcribing solfa to stave, there are certain factors to be considered.
  • (i) The clef of the given music.
  • (ii) The key and the key signature.
  • (iii) The time signature.
  • (iv) The musical notes and their beats.
  • (v) The correct expected positions of the notes on the stave.
  • (vi) The number of bars.
  • Look at the following examples and study the procedure carefully.

Transcribe to staff in treble staff, key C major, and 2/4 time.

• |s : f |m : d |r : r |d : –             ||
• Notice that
• (a) the clef required is treble.
• (b) the key is C major (no flat or sharp key as key signature.)
• (c) the time signature is 2/4.
• (d) the notes are two crotchets to the bar except the last note of the last bar, which is minim.

To do this exercise successfully, write the treble clef on the staff as below, then write the key signature 2/4, and finally position the notes correctly on the lines and in the spaces of the staff. For example:

• You will observe from the above example that the first bar contains two crotchet notes (dominant and sub-dominant) that is |s: f|. Bar two contains two notes (median and tonic) that is |m:d|. Bar three contains two notes (supertonic), that is |r:r | and bar four has one note (tonic) which is a minim containing two beats |d:-
• Transcribe to staff notation using treble staff, key C major, ¾ time.
• d’: t : l |s :- : f |m:r:s |d:-:-             ||
• Write the treble clef on the staff as below, the key is C major (no sharp or flat as key signature), then write the time signature ¾ (that is three crotchets in the bar). Finally, place the notes accurately on the staff according to the degrees of C major scale. For example:
• Here, notice that the first bar contains three notes (octave, leading note and sub-median) as |d’: t: l. Bar two contains two notes- a minim and a crotchet (dominant and sub-dominant) as |s:-: f|. Bar three contains three crotchet notes (median, supertonic and dominant) as| m : r :s|. Finally, Bar four has one dotted minim note (tonic) as |d:- :-       ||
• MUSICAL TERMS

SIGHT SINGING: SOLFA AND STAFF

Meaning of Sight Singing

Sight singing involves the ability to sing any music score at sight.

“Sight-singing” simply means singing a piece of written music – at first sight – without the aid of any other instrument.  It’s a special skill that both singers and instrumentalists can develop, by training with one of several sight-singing techniques.  Two of the most widely used sight-singing techniques are called “Solfege” and “Tonic Solfa”.

Techniques of Sight Singing

(i) Good knowledge of the lines and spaces of the staff.

(ii) Identification of the key of the music.

(iii) Identification of the time signature.

(iv) Knowledge of the note values and their duration.

(v) Pitch accuracy of the notes.

(vi) Identification of the tonic, the highest and the lowest notes.

(vii) Identification of change of key (Modulation/Transposition)

Additional exercise for the students.

MUSICAL TERMS

EVALUATION

1. What is sight singing.
2. Write two advantages of tonic solfa
3. Write two disadvantages of tonic solfa.

ASSIGNMENT

1. Practice and sing the following solfa:

KINDS OF SCALE – DIATONIC (MAJOR AND MINOR) CHROMATIC AND PENTATONIC

Diatonic Scale

A diatonic scale consists of seven notes and the eighth note is the repetition of the first note .i.e. doh, re, mi, fah, soh, lah, te, doh. Semitones occurred between the third & fourth note of the scale (mi & fah) and between the seventh note and the eighth note of the scale (te & doh) while others are whole tones. Hence, the formula is T, T, ST, T, T, T, ST. Where T = Tone and ST = Semitone.

There are two types of diatonic scale namely: Diatonic major and diatonic minor scales. The diatonic major scale is the common doh, re, mi, fah, soh, lah, te, doh.

The diatonic minor scale also consists of eight notes but the first note is from the sixth note of the scale submediant. i.e. (lah).

Minor Scales

There are three types of minor scales:

1. Natural minor
2. Harmonic minor
3. Melodic minor

Natural minor is exactly as the key signature dictates. This is the minor scale that is not altered.

In Harmonic minor scale the only altered note is the seventh scale degree which is raised to form a leading tone in

Presentation

The topic is presented step by step

Step 1:

The class teacher revises the previous topics

Step 2.

He introduces the new topic

Step 3:

The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise

Conclusion

The class teacher wraps up or concludes the lesson by giving out a short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.

The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.

He or she does the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise.

EVALUATION

1. What is tonic solfa notation?
2. What letters are used in solfa notation?
3. Write some examples of accidentals in solfa notation.
4. What is a modulator?
5. Write the meaning of the following punctuation marks.

(a) : (b) d:–   (c) .   (d) ,   (e) d:–:–