Mastering the Principles of Design in Creative Arts Cultural and Creative Arts JSS 2 First Term Lesson Notes Week 3

Cultural and Creative Arts JSS 2 First Term Lesson Notes Week 3

Subject: Cultural and Creative Arts
Class: JSS 2
Term: First Term
Week: 3
Age: 11 – 13 years
Duration: 40 minutes
Topic: Principles of Design
Sub-topic: Meaning and Explanation of the Principles of Design
Behavioural Objectives: By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define the principles of design.
2. Identify the different principles of design and explain their meaning.
3. Understand how these principles can be applied to create balanced and harmonious designs.

Keywords: Principles of design, harmony, balance, dominance, variety, proportion, rhythm

Set Induction: The teacher will show pictures or artwork that exhibit different principles of design, and ask students to discuss what they notice about the arrangement and flow of elements in the artwork.

Entry Behaviour: Students have prior knowledge of the elements of design such as lines, shapes, and textures from the previous lessons.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Pictures or samples of designs
• Drawing paper
• Pencils and markers
• Charts showing principles of design

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge: Students have learned about the elements of design and will now explore how to arrange these elements effectively using design principles.

Embedded Core Skills: Critical thinking, observation, creativity, and communication skills

Learning Materials:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for JSS 2
• Reference books on Design and Art

Content

Meaning of Principles of Design:

Principles of design are the rules or guidelines that help in organizing and arranging the elements of design to create a visually appealing and effective composition. They guide how the elements (like line, colour, shape, and texture) should interact in a design.

The Principles of Design:

1. Harmony:
   • Harmony is achieved when all elements in a design work together to create a pleasing composition.
   • It means that everything in the design feels connected or unified.
   • Example: Using similar colours or shapes to create a sense of oneness.
2. Balance:
   • Balance is the distribution of visual weight in a design.
   • A balanced design feels stable and even.
   • Types of balance include symmetrical (equal weight on both sides) and asymmetrical (uneven, but still balanced).
3. Dominance:
   • Dominance is when one element in a design stands out more than others.
   • It helps to focus the viewer’s attention on the most important part of the design.
   • Example: A large object or bright colour can be dominant in a design.
4. Variety:
   • Variety means using different elements in a design to create interest and avoid monotony.
   • It adds contrast and excitement to the design.
   • Example: Combining different colours, shapes, or textures.
5. Proportion:
   • Proportion refers to the size relationship between different parts of a design.
   • It ensures that the sizes of elements relate well to each other and the whole design.
   • Example: A large tree next to a tiny house would seem out of proportion.
6. Rhythm:
   • Rhythm in design is the repetition of elements to create movement or flow.
   • It leads the eye through the design in a planned way.
   • Example: Repeating shapes or colours in a pattern to create a sense of motion.

15 Fill-in-the-blank Questions:

1. __________ is when all elements in a design work together.
   a) Balance b) Harmony c) Rhythm d) Dominance
2. __________ helps distribute visual weight in a design.
   a) Variety b) Rhythm c) Balance d) Proportion
3. The principle that makes one element stand out is called __________.
   a) Harmony b) Dominance c) Proportion d) Rhythm
4. __________ adds interest by using different elements.
   a) Dominance b) Proportion c) Variety d) Balance
5. Proportion refers to the __________ relationship between parts of a design.
   a) texture b) size c) colour d) shape
6. __________ is created when elements are repeated to show movement.
   a) Rhythm b) Variety c) Harmony d) Dominance
7. Symmetrical and asymmetrical are types of __________.
   a) harmony b) balance c) variety d) rhythm
8. __________ creates unity by connecting all parts of the design.
   a) Dominance b) Variety c) Harmony d) Proportion
9. A large object in a design usually creates __________.
   a) balance b) rhythm c) variety d) dominance
10. The principle of __________ helps avoid monotony.
    a) harmony b) dominance c) variety d) balance
11. Proportion ensures that elements have the right __________ relationship.
    a) size b) texture c) colour d) shape
12. __________ leads the eye through a design with repeated elements.
    a) Proportion b) Rhythm c) Balance d) Dominance
13. __________ creates visual stability in a design.
    a) Rhythm b) Balance c) Harmony d) Proportion
14. The principle that uses different elements for excitement is __________.
    a) Variety b) Rhythm c) Harmony d) Balance
15. __________ makes sure that no part of the design feels too heavy or light.
    a) Proportion b) Dominance c) Rhythm d) Balance

15 FAQs with Answers:

1. What are the principles of design?
   The principles of design are guidelines used to organize elements in a design.
2. What is harmony in design?
   Harmony is when all parts of a design work together to create a unified whole.
3. How does balance affect a design?
   Balance ensures that a design feels stable and even by distributing visual weight.
4. What is dominance in a design?
   Dominance is when one element stands out more than the others to draw attention.
5. How is variety used in design?
   Variety adds interest to a design by using different elements, like colours or shapes.
6. What is the meaning of proportion in design?
   Proportion refers to the size relationship between elements in a design.
7. How does rhythm work in design?
   Rhythm is the repetition of elements to create a sense of movement or flow.
8. Why is harmony important in a design?
   Harmony makes sure that all elements feel connected and work together.
9. What is the difference between symmetrical and asymmetrical balance?
   Symmetrical balance has equal visual weight on both sides, while asymmetrical balance uses different elements to create stability.
10. How can you create dominance in a design?
    You can create dominance by making one element bigger, brighter, or more noticeable.
11. Why is variety important in design?
    Variety keeps the design interesting by avoiding repetition and monotony.
12. What does good proportion ensure in a design?
    Good proportion ensures that all elements are the right size in relation to each other.
13. How can rhythm guide the viewer’s eye in a design?
    Rhythm uses repeated patterns to lead the viewer’s eye through the design.
14. What is the role of balance in a design?
    Balance makes sure that no part of the design feels too heavy or light.
15. How does dominance help focus attention in a design?
    Dominance directs the viewer’s focus to the most important part of the design.

Presentation

Step 1: The teacher revises the previous lesson on elements of design.
Step 2: The teacher explains the principles of design and provides examples of how each principle is applied in artwork.
Step 3: The students will engage in a class activity where they analyze artworks to identify the use of principles such as balance, harmony, and dominance.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explain the principles of design with visual examples.
• Show artworks and lead discussions on how the principles are applied.
• Guide students in group work to analyze designs for the principles of design.

Learners’ Activities:

• Participate in class discussions on the principles of design.
• Identify the principles of design in different artworks.
• Engage in practical analysis of designs, focusing on balance, harmony, and dominance.

Assessment:

1. Define harmony in design.
2. Describe how balance is achieved in a design.
3. Explain what dominance means in a design.
4. Give an example of how variety can be used in design.
5. How does rhythm affect a design?

Evaluation Questions:

1. What is the meaning of harmony in design?
2. Explain the difference between symmetrical and asymmetrical balance.
3. How can you use dominance to focus attention in a design?
4. Define the principle of variety in design.
5. What is the importance of proportion in design?
6. Give an example of how rhythm is used in design.
7. How does balance contribute to the stability of a design?
8. Why is it important to have harmony in a design?
9. Explain how variety can avoid monotony in design.
10. Describe the effect of rhythm on the movement of a design.

Conclusion:

The teacher will go around to check students’ analyses and provide feedback. The class will end with a brief recap of the principles of design, reinforcing how these principles help create successful and visually appealing designs.