Preservation of farm produce Agricultural Science Primary 6 First Term Lesson Notes Week 2

Agricultural Science Primary 6 First Term Lesson Notes Week 2

Subject: Agricultural Science
Class: Primary 6
Term: First Term
Week: 2
Age: 11 years
Topic: Preservation of Farm Produce
Sub-topic: Methods and Importance of Farm Produce Preservation
Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives: By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Define farm produce preservation.
2. List and explain different methods of preserving farm produce.
3. Identify the importance of preserving farm produce.
4. Discuss the benefits of preserved farm produce.

Keywords: Preservation, Roasting, Salting, Canning, Refrigerating, Smoking, Freezing.

Set Induction: Start by asking the pupils if they have seen how certain foods like fish or meat are stored at home. Discuss why these foods last longer.

Entry Behaviour: Pupils are familiar with various food items and may have seen them being stored in different ways at home.

Learning Resources and Materials:

1. Examples of preserved farm produce (e.g., dried fish, canned tomatoes).
2. Visual charts showing different preservation methods.
3. Pictures or samples of raw and preserved produce.

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge: Pupils have observed preserved foods at home, such as canned vegetables or frozen meat.

Embedded Core Skills: Critical thinking, observation, discussion.

Learning Materials: Pictures of farm produce, visual aids on preservation methods.

Reference Books: Lagos State Scheme of Work for Primary Schools, Agricultural Science Textbooks.

Instructional Materials:

• Dried fish (for smoking)
• Salt (for salting)
• Canned foods
• Refrigerator/freezer visuals

Content:

1. Definition of Farm Produce Preservation:
Preservation of farm produce is the process of storing food in a way that prevents it from spoiling for a long time.

2. Methods of Preserving Farm Produce:

• Roasting: Cooking food over a fire or in an oven.
• Salting: Adding salt to food to remove moisture and prevent decay.
• Canning: Sealing food in jars or cans to keep it fresh.
• Refrigerating: Keeping food cold to slow down spoilage.
• Smoking: Using smoke to dry and flavor food, preserving it.
• Freezing: Storing food in a freezer to stop bacteria from growing.

3. Importance of Farm Produce Preservation:

• Retains Nutritional Value: Preserved foods keep their original taste and nutrients.
• Prolongs Shelf Life: Helps food last longer.
• Availability: Preserved foods can be transported to places where they are not grown.
• Prevents Pest Damage: Keeps insects and pests from spoiling food.
• Viability for Planting: Ensures seeds and tubers are still good for planting next season.
• Reduces Waste: Less food is thrown away.
• Saves Money: Buy food in bulk when it is cheap and preserve it for later use.
• Prevents Smells: Properly preserved food does not spoil and smell bad.

Evaluation:

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:

1. Preservation of farm produce helps to prevent ______.
   a) Spoilage
   b) Smelling
   c) Cooking
   d) Burning
2. ______ is a method of food preservation that involves applying heat.
   a) Freezing
   b) Roasting
   c) Salting
   d) Canning
3. Canning helps to keep food ______.
   a) Raw
   b) Fresh
   c) Spicy
   d) Cold
4. ______ is used to remove moisture from food during preservation.
   a) Salt
   b) Water
   c) Sugar
   d) Oil
5. Smoking food helps to add ______ and preserve it.
   a) Salt
   b) Flavor
   c) Color
   d) Sugar
6. Freezing food stops ______ from growing.
   a) Insects
   b) Bacteria
   c) Salt
   d) Flavor
7. Refrigerating food slows down ______.
   a) Decay
   b) Cooking
   c) Freezing
   d) Roasting
8. ______ can be used to preserve vegetables and fruits.
   a) Canning
   b) Smoking
   c) Roasting
   d) Freezing
9. Proper preservation of food prevents ______.
   a) Cooking
   b) Spoilage
   c) Refrigerating
   d) Smoking
10. Salting food helps to draw out ______.
    a) Moisture
    b) Flavor
    c) Sugar
    d) Nutrients
11. The method of preservation where food is stored at low temperatures is called ______.
    a) Canning
    b) Refrigeration
    c) Roasting
    d) Smoking
12. Smoking is a method of food preservation that uses ______.
    a) Smoke
    b) Water
    c) Oil
    d) Salt
13. Canning helps to keep food free from ______.
    a) Air
    b) Salt
    c) Smoke
    d) Bacteria
14. Freezing food is an effective way to preserve its ______.
    a) Flavor
    b) Nutrients
    c) Color
    d) All of the above
15. Preserved farm produce helps to reduce ______.
    a) Waste
    b) Cooking
    c) Burning
    d) Roasting

Class Activity Discussion:

1. What is farm produce preservation?
Answer: It is the process of storing food so that it lasts longer without spoiling.

2. Name three methods of preserving farm produce.
Answer: Roasting, salting, and canning.

3. Why is it important to preserve farm produce?
Answer: To prevent spoilage, retain nutritional value, and prolong shelf life.

4. How does salting help in preserving food?
Answer: Salting draws out moisture, preventing bacteria from growing.

5. What is the difference between freezing and refrigerating?
Answer: Freezing stores food at much colder temperatures than refrigeration.

6. Why is smoking used to preserve food?
Answer: Smoking dries and adds flavor to the food, preserving it.

7. How does preservation save money?
Answer: By buying food in bulk when it is cheaper and preserving it for later use.

8. What are the risks of not preserving farm produce?
Answer: The food may spoil, leading to waste.

9. How does canning preserve food?
Answer: Canning seals food in airtight containers, keeping it fresh.

10. Why is it beneficial to preserve farm produce?
Answer: It ensures food is available when it is out of season and reduces waste.

11. How does refrigerating food slow down spoilage?
Answer: By keeping the food cold, it slows the growth of bacteria.

12. How does proper preservation prevent food from smelling?
Answer: It keeps the food fresh and prevents decay, which causes bad smells.

13. What does it mean to roast food for preservation?
Answer: It means cooking the food with dry heat to preserve it.

14. Why is freezing a good method for preserving food?
Answer: It stops bacteria from growing, keeping the food fresh for a long time.

15. How does preservation make farm produce available in non-producing areas?
Answer: Preserved foods can be transported and sold far from where they are grown.

Presentation:

Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic, which was “Types of Crops.”

Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic by discussing how different foods are stored at home to keep them fresh.

Step 3: The teacher allows the pupils to share their experiences with food preservation at home. The teacher corrects any misconceptions and provides additional explanations as needed.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Show examples of preserved farm produce.
• Explain the different methods of preserving farm produce.
• Discuss the importance of preserving farm produce with the pupils.

Learners’ Activities:

• Observe the examples provided by the teacher.
• Participate in discussions about preservation methods.
• Take notes on the different ways to preserve farm produce.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What is the meaning of farm produce preservation?
2. Name two methods of preserving farm produce.
3. Why do we preserve farm produce?
4. How does smoking help in preserving food?
5. What does canning do to food?
6. Why is refrigerating food important?
7. How does salting prevent spoilage?
8. What is the role of freezing in food preservation?
9. Why is it important to protect food from insects and pests?
10. What can happen if farm produce is not preserved?

Conclusion:

The teacher goes around the class to mark pupils’ work and provide feedback on their understanding of farm produce preservation.